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Ethical Considerations
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StakeholdersEnvironmentHumans
healthcommunitiesemployees
AnimalsSuppliers
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Retail ValueIn 2006, the retail value of the US beef
industry was $71 billionUS broiler was $41 billionUS pork was $38 billionIn 2009, the egg industry was valued at $6
billionSelect corporations: Tyson, Smithfield,
ConAgra, Contigroup, and Seaboard Corporation.
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Factory Farms
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Environmental concerns
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Deforestation
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Water PollutionTyson, world’s
largest producer of chicken meat, dumped wastewater from its poultry plant in Edalia, Missouri in a tributary of the Lamine River. They paid $7.5 million in fines.
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Climate ChangeAccording to the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations, animal agribusiness is responsible for 18%, or nearly one-fifth, of human-induced greenhouse gas emissions, more than all the world’s transportation sector.
“Given the amount of energy consumed raising, shipping, and selling livestock, a 16 oz. steak is like a Hummer on a plate.” (Time Magazine 2007)
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CommunitiesLower property values
Environmental racismThe poorest areas throughout North Carolina have 18
times more hog farms than the wealthiest areas. (Handout, 5)
Residents can suffer from the effects of related air pollution such as skin and eye irritation, coughing, asthma headaches and sleep loss. (Handout, 7)
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Human Health Antibiotic Resistance83% of all chicken
meat (including organic and antibiotic-free brands) is infected with either campylobacter or salmonella at the time of purchase (Foer, 139).
E. coli Virus mutations (e.g.
avian flu, H1N1).
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Employees 71% of the farmers
who work under contract for Tyson (world’s largest chicken producer) earn below poverty-level wages (Handout, 6).
Farmer autonomy?Pressures to go big
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Slaughterhouse Workers
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Animals10 billion animals per year
In the US, there is no federal law governing the welfare of farmed animals while on farms. Federal protections apply to transportation methods and slaughterhouse practices only (Singer 45).
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Gestation Crates
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Egg Layers: Battery Cages and Male Chicks
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BroilersChickens raised for
meat consumption.Americans eat 150
times as many chickens as we did only 80 years ago.
Genetically designed to grow quickly.
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Cattle
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The Killing Floor
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The Killing FloorToday the killing line
for chickens typically moves at 90 birds per minute (Singer 26).
180 million are improperly slaughtered each year (Foer, 133)
Inspectors have 2 seconds for each bird
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RecapEnvironmental damage
Sustainable?Communities
Social justice?Human health
Long term consequences?Employees
Welfare and rights?Animals
Welfare and compassion?
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Where to we go from here?
Proposition 2 (2008)
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Leading the way
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Veganism is a $2.8 billion market
Wide Circle Vegan Investment Fundhttp://widecriclefund.comDrivers of future
growth:EnvironmentPublic healthEthics
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Companies that sell vegan productsArcher Daniels
Midland (NYSE: ADM)Dean Foods (NYSE:
DF)Kellogg Company
(NYSE: K)Kraft (NYSE: KFT)The Kroger Company
(NYSE: KR)Tofutti Brands
(AMEX: TOF)
Whole Foods Markey, Inc. (NASDAQ: WFMI)
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What can we do?
Eat less meatImpact legislationTell othersGo vegetarian/veganSupport
organizations