Download - Enlightenment and Latin America
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EnlightenmentPar Pandit
• Update from 2012 PowerPoint• Current PowerPoint is for Carlmont High
School students
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Who is this?
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Who is this?
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Who is this?
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Who is this?
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Who is this?
James MadisonFather of the Constitution
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Enlightenment and Latin
AmericaThe Implementation of Ideals
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Definition• Implementation: the act of accomplishing
some aim or executing some order• Ideals: A standard of perfection; a principle
to be aimed at
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Times Before Enlightenment
• You were born into a class and had to stay there
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Times Before Enlightenment
• Catholic Church interpreted the Bible for non-clergy people
• What language was the Bible written in?
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Times Before Enlightenment
• Justice was often arbitrary or based on superstition
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Times Before Enlightenment
• Justice was often arbitrary or based on superstition
• Punishment was cruel and did not fit the crime
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Times Before Enlightenment
• Lack of understanding about health and science – Black Death
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Times Before Enlightenment
• Certain countries had absolute monarchy – Royalty sets all rules based on the “Divine Right of Kings” o Spaino Franceo England – complicated, 1215, 1649, 1660
• The theory of divine right was abandoned in England during the Glorious Revolution of 1688–89
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Times Before Enlightenment
• People thought that human nature was not changeable
• People did not think about how the environment can affect people
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Times Before Enlightenment Review• Feudalism – monarchs, nobles, knights,
serfs• Catholic Church interpreted the Bible for
non-clergy people – Pope, archbishops, bishops, priests
• Justice was arbitrary or based on superstition
• Punishment was cruel and not fit the crime• Human nature was considered not
changeable• Certain countries had absolute monarchy –
Kings sets all rules• Lack of understanding about health – Black
Death
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Influences on Enlightenment
Renaissance
ReformationScientific
Revolution
Enlightenment
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Renaissancemid 1300’s to early
1600’s• Start questioning old ideas
(from Middle Ages)• Interest in human society
and natural world and the potential of all human beings
• Don’t believe that one should remain in his class based on birth.
• Reward individual achievement over class or family name
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Protestant Reformation1517-1600s
• Martin Luther• Bible is the ultimate
source of religious authority for Christians, not the Church
• Printing press and language translations made the Bible readable for the public and improves literacy
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Scientific Revolution 1500s-1700s
• Development in science transformed views of society and nature• Mathematics• Physics• Astronomy• Biology• Chemistry
• Scientific Method
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Scientific Revolution 1500s-1700s
• Development in science transformed views of society and nature• Mathematics• Physics• Astronomy• Biology• Chemistry
• Scientific Method
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InfluencesRenaissan
ceReformation
Scientific Revolution
Enlightenment
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Influences on Enlightenment
• RenaissanceQuestion accepted beliefsCelebrate the Individual
• Scientific RevolutionTrust in reason and observation
leading to progress• Reformation
Individuals think for themselvesNot accept blind authority (i.e.
Church)
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Enlightenment1650-1789
John Locke (1632-1704)
• Rejects “Divine Rights of Kings” concept
• Government is to protect natural rights of life, liberty, and property
• Government Authority comes from consent of the governed
• People have the right to overthrow the government
• Popular Sovereignty
What does this make you think of?
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Enlightenment1650-1789
John Locke (1632-1704)
His version of Social Contract
• Consent of people give power to the government
• Give up certain freedoms for benefits
• Right to overthrow the government
• Primary purpose is to protect natural rights
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Enlightenment1650-1789
John Locke (1632-1704)
Natural Rights
• Inalienable Rights/Unalienable Rights
• Birthright• Influenced Thomas Jefferson
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Enlightenment1650-1789
Baron de Montesquieu (1689-1755)
• French political thinker• Admires England’s form of
government based on English Common Law
• Concerned with personal liberty• Separation of Powers
• Executive• Legislature• Judicial
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Enlightenment1650-1789
Voltaire (1694-1778)
• French writer, historian, and philosopher
• Freedom of Speech• Freedom of Religion
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Enlightenment1650-1789
Casare Beccaria (1738-1794)
• Italian jurist, philosopher, and politician
• Rights of “accused” to fair treatment
• Fair and speedy trial• Against cruel and unusual
punishment
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Implementation
Enlightenment
Declaration of
Independence
Constitution
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Quiz
Get a whiteboard for
your table
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QuizWhat Enlightened Thinker influenced the following from the Declaration of Independence:
“…All men are created equal, that they areendowed by their Creator with certainunalienable Rights, among these are Life,Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness…”
Endowed: to furnish, as with some talent, faculty, or qualityUnalienable: not to be separated, given away, or taken away
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QuizWhat Enlightened Thinker influenced the following from the Constitution:
“Article I: Legislative Power…Article II: Nature and Scope of ExecutivePower…Article III: Judicial Power, Courts, Judges…”
Legislative: having the power to make lawsExecutive: having the power to put laws into effectJudicial: having the power to interpret the law and its legality
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QuizWhat Enlightened Thinker may have influenced the following from the Constitution:
“Amendment 1: Congress shall make no lawrespecting an establishment of religion, orprohibiting the free exercise thereof; orabridging the freedom of speech, or of the press …”
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QuizWhat Enlightened Thinker may have influenced the following from the Constitution:
“Amendment 8: Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.”
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Implementation• Like John Locke, colonists shared foundations of
Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights• Declaration of Independence echoed Locke’s ideas
on natural rights and the purpose of government• Constitution
Montesquieu’s idea of separation of powers Bill of Rights protects Voltaire’s freedom of
speech and religion ideas Bill of Rights protects Becarria’s belief that an
accused person has a right to a fair trial and to not suffer cruel and unusual punishment
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Estimated TimelineGreeks and
Romans 500 BCE –
476 CE
Middle Ages Magna Carta
1215
Renaissance 1300-1650
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Estimated TimelineReformatio
n 1517-1648
Scientific Revolution 1600-1800
Glorious Revolution
1688
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Estimated TimelineAmerican Revolution 1776-1781
U. S. Constitutio
n 1787-1789
French Revolution1789-1799
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Estimated TimelineRise of
European Nationalism
(Italy, Germany)1804-1908
Latin American Independence
1780-1889
African and Indian
Independence1900-2000
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Estimated TimelineMiddle East Arab Spring
2011- present