Download - Energy in Rural India
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Rural Development
Role of Renewable Energyservices
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BASIC NEEDS OF VILLAGES
Rural sanitation, Health,
Transport
Literacy,
Communication,
Housing
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Rural Energy Services Scene
Energy is the means, the end being
development and improvement of quality
of life; the community has to take the
responsibility of planning & implementing
renewable energy projects.
Multinational (UN), national and stateagencies play a supporting role.
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Electrification
About 100,000 out of 600,000 villages in
India are still not electrified through thegrid.
Of these, about 20,000-30,000 villages
cannot be electrified by conventional gridextension.
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Rural Energy Demand Demand divided in four sectors:
Agriculture: water pumps Residential: bulbs, tube lights, CFLs,
fans, coolers, refrigerators, TV,
firewood/cow-dung stove, LPG stove Commercial: bulbs, tube lights, CFLs,
fans, coolers, refrigerators, TV, govt.water pumps
Industrial: tube lights, motoredmachines, pumps, fans, 5kW DG sets
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Renewable Energy Resources
Solar radiation: for solar thermal, SPV
Wind: for electricity generation Woody biomass: for electricity generation
and cooking gas through gasifiers / biogas
digesters Cow dung: for cooking gas through bio-
gas digesters
Agro-residue: for gasifier / biogasdigesters
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What can we analyze for our typical
model Panchayat?
Business-as-usual scenario
Energy efficiency scenario
Renewable energy scenario
Subsidized renewable energy scenario
Decentralized power generation scenario
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Case Studies
(1) Bioenergy systems(2) Solar PV Lighting
in rural India
(3) Information &communication Technology
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Rural Transformation
Challenge is how to transform the rural economy and
improve the quality of employment and levels of
living.
Reforms in three areas:
(1) Agriculture
(2) Rural non-farm
(3) Poverty Alleviation programmes and social sector.
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Agriculture :
Three pronged strategy
(a) Developing agro based trade (domestic andexternal) and agricultural processing to encourage
farmers and private sector
(b) Promoting institutions (land, water, marketing i.e.contract farming)
(c) Infrastructure (public and private investment),
agricultural research) by stakeholder participation.
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Rural non-farm sector:
On industry, strengthening infrastructure
in rural areas (power, water, telecom,
transport )
* Good governance by cutting down
delays in clearances and reducing
corruption (difficult!) to attract domesticinvestment and FDI
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Poverty Alleviation programmes
and
social sector:
In the rural areas, govt. has many
anti-poverty programmes. Theimpact on poverty and ruraldevelopment of NREGA is positive.
Increasing concern towards efficiencyand effectiveness as government
spends considerable amount ofmoney.
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Biomass Energy for Rural IndiaUnited Nations Development Programme
Rural Development and Panchayati
Raj Department, Government ofKarnataka
Case Study 1Tumkur District
2007
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Case Study 1: 28 villages in Karnataka: developing
and demonstrating a bioenergy package
5 small gasifier systems are operational
and provide energy for lighting andirrigation.
1 gasifier-based power plant of 500 kWcapacity is supplying clean energy to 4villages as well as selling excess power toBangalore Electric Supply Company.
Plantations supported on 2933.44 ha of
land that now provide fuel for gasifiersystems thereby increasing the income oflocal people.
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Case Study 1
The Government of Karnataka and the
Koratagere Panchayatestablished the firstever formal agreement between a powerutility and a Panchayatto sell electricity.
51 community biogas plants installed,enabling 175 households to light theirhomes and cook on cleaner fuel.
70 Self-help Groups (SHGs) have been
formed to establish decentralizednurseries for biomass plantations
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Case Study 1
(these SHGs have a current revolving fundof approximately Rs 2 crore which isutilized for the benefit of SHG members)
Noticing the success of Biomass Energyfor Rural India (BERI) model, at least two
private companies have already showninterest in setting up similar biomassgasifier power generating systems in twoother clusters within the project.
Biogas plant in Karnataka producingenergy
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Looking to the Future
Work on the second biomass gasifier power plant
of 500 kW capacity has been initiated The success of project would lead to installations
of more gasifier based power generating units
with public-private partnerships. This wouldincrease local income generating avenues,
improve local power conditions, and the
Government and Utility would reduce its
overhead costs related to metering, billing and
collection a win-win situation for all
stakeholders.
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Solar PV home systems:clean, eco-friendly option
for rural lighting
Solar energy systems will playan increasingly large role in the
rural energy sector in India.
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Reference:MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF
SOLAR HOME SYSTEMS
Experiences with applications of solar PV for households in
developing countries F.D.J. Nieuwenhout, A. van Dijk,
V.A.P. van Dijk, D. Hirsch, P.E. Lasschuit, G. van Roekel, H.
Arriaza, M. Hankins, B.D. Sharma, H. Wad
ANNEX 4. EXPERIENCES IN INDIA
Dr. B.D. Sharma
3778 Netaji Subhash Marg
New Delhi 110 002, India
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Electrification of villages: potential
for solar PV power
The solar systems are more economical
than the grid extensions for villages,which are more than 3 km away from thegrid.
Solar lanterns and solar home systemshave found wide acceptance as clean, eco-friendly option for lighting when well-planned repair and maintenance services
along with improved availability of reliableproducts are assured by service providers.
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Potential for the commercialization
of several PV products in rural areas
There is a positive willingness to acquire
solar systems even with full down
payment. There is a felt need for simple
financing mechanisms to help persons
willing to acquire these systems on
instalment basis. With reduction in costs
of PV, there is bound to be substantialgrowth in the market.
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Case Study: SWRC (Social work researchcouncil) Ladakh _ Train users to Maintain
1. No electronic engineer or anyone holding aformal professional degree would be involved.
Barefoot solar engineers would be trained fromthe village to do the job.
2. The barefoot solar engineers would be fromthe village, not from any nearby town or city,
because the investment in training should not belost. They should have roots in the village andwant to go back and stay there.
3. The barefoot solar engineers should have the
minimum of educational qualifications. If theywere semiliterate or even illiterate it did notmatter. If it took longer to train them that did notmatter either.
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The training covered:
How to install the solar panel on the roof of thehouse;
How to carry out the entire wiring of the houseand the fixing of the solar tube lights at the
agreed location in the house;
How to fabricate and solder inverters & chargecontrollers in primitive rural conditions;
How to carry out repairs and change defectiveparts in the village itself ; and
How to in turn become a trainer and a leader inthe villages without depending on expertise
from outside.
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The lessons learnt in the last eight years
in Ladakh can be summarized:
Any villager, literate or illiterate, can be
trained to do the job. Any remote village can easily be made self
sufficient in solar power, however poor the
community may be. The community must be involved in the
selection of the barefoot solar engineer; intransportation of the panels to the village
and in the installation in their own houses-only then they will pay willingly.
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The lessons learnt in the last eight years
in Ladakh can be summarized:
The rural community must accept only
that technology that does not deprivethem of jobs and does not decreasedependency.
The demystification of technology is aprocess that cannot be rushed. It mustmove with the pace at which the
community moves, slowly, carrying everyone along.
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Solar cooking system forapartments developed
Saturday, Jan 13, 2007
One can use this steam-based system tosupplement the conventional fuel-basedcooking. This will reduce the pressure on
demand for LPG and result in savings forhouseholds
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Karnataka Renewable EnergyDevelopment Ltd. (KREDL)
Solar-powered steam-based cooking system thatsuits apartments
The system comprises parabolic-shapedreflectors, which focus the sun's rays on aparticular point on an aluminium pipe throughwhich water is made to pass through. The water
heats and generates steam that passes throughanother pipe to be used for cooking purpose.
In the case of apartments, the steam pipe couldbe connected to the kitchens of individual flats,
Dr. Shivalingaiah says. The entire system can belocated on the roof.
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Initial Installation Cost It costs about Rs. 13.50 lakh to install the
system_ up to 500 meals can be cookedat a time.
Centre extends a subsidy of 50 per cent
for charitable institutions, 35 per cent forothers.
The main attraction of this cooking mode
is that one can recover the investmentmade on the system in two to three years.
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Can be used for mid-day meal scheme... The life span of this system is estimated
at about 10 years. After that an
investment of about 25 per cent of theproject cost has to be made to replace thereflectors.
The KREDL is ready to offer technicalknow-how if the Primary and SecondaryEducation Department brings before it aproposal to use this system for its mid-daymeal scheme, Dr. Shivalingaiah says.
For details, call 080-22282221
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village Internet kiosk
Rural magic:
True stories of ICT benefiting villagers.
Information and Communication at righttime
is
A beneficial service
and hence is a good business
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True stories of ICT benefiting villagers
Sixty-year-old Palaniammal, a native of
Melur (a small town close to Madurai inTamil Nadu) had been complaining ofblurred vision for sometime.
A chance encounter with the village
Internet kiosk operator proved to be aboon in disguise.
The operators solution was simple Palaniammal was taken to the kiosk,where four photographs of her eyes weretaken with a web camera.
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.... ICT benefiting village
These photographs were e-mailed toAravind Eye Care Hospital inMadurai.
It did not take the doctors long todeduce that Palaniammal wassuffering from cataract.
They mailed back their feedback andwithin days her vision was restored.
ICT b fiti ill
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The farmers of T Ulagapichampatti were in adilemma. Their okra produce was turningyellow.A videoconferencing between the villagefarmer and agriculture specialists, in the city,was set up.
The leaves and the produce of the damagedcrop were shown through the web-cam, thekind and amount of fertilizers added were also
discussed.The experts diagnosed it to be yellow mosaic.Apt treatment was administered and the
farmers prevented a loss of US$2,800.
.... ICT benefiting villagers
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.... ICT benefiting villagers
It would be interesting to note that neither
party had to trudge across to the nearbytown or city to get their problem solved.
That not only saved time and energy but
also was monetarily a much better option. These are just two examples of a silent
revolution brewing in some Indian villages
plain, simple access to information viathe Internet.
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n-Logue provides technical training to them, thusenabling the young entrepreneur to start the
business.
The kiosk operator (KO), is typically a
young villager with a basic 12th standardeducational qualification. Moreover, it isdesired that they posses the ability to
manage and operate an Internet business.The KO provides premises for thebusiness. The expenses incurred by theKO, eventually, are primarily on accountof Internet usage. The revenue generated,on the other hand, is on account ofInternet-based services sold to the
villagers.
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