Ministry of Environment
DROUGHTS MANAGEMENT IN SEMI-ARID BRAZIL
by CARLOS MOTTA NUNES, CARLOS MOTTA NUNES, M.Sc.M.Sc.
National Water Agency of Brazil - ANA
Istanbul, March 2009
Ministry of Environment
GEOPOLITICAL NORTHEAST - 9 STATES
AREA: 1,561,177 km2
18,3% of the National Territory
Nº OF MUNICIPALITIES: 1,187
POPULATION: 47,741,711 Inhabitants
URBAN POPULATION: 32,975,425 (69%)
RURAL POPULATION: 14,766,286 (31%)
HDI (2000) = 0.61
Source:1- Census 2000 IBGE2- IDH: IPEA/ FJP – Atlas do Desenvolvimento
Humano do Brasil
MA PI CE RN
BA PE PB SE AL
Ministry of Environment
Semi- Arid Problem
• Low rain levels, concentrated on 3 months • Evaporation much greater than the precipitation • Adverse geologic characteristic (Crystalline Rocks)
Need for reservation, with adequate water resources management
Ministry of Environment
Ex: Rains in the Semi-Arid x Rains in Paris
• Average yaerly rain in Crateús (CE): 826.1mm• Average yearly rain in Paris: 641.5mm
55,045,4
52,2 49,5
62,053,2
58,3
46,052,9 54,9 57,0 55,1
72,0
130,5
229,7
202,0
73,4
23,716,4
5,4 5,8 9,0 11,9
46,3
-
50,0
100,0
150,0
200,0
250,0
jan fev mar abr mai jun jul ago set out nov dez
mês
mm
Paris Crateus
• Evaporation in Crateús: 2904.4mm
Ministry of Environment
THE DROUGHT
Ministry of Environment
ANTECEDENT CONDITIONS FOR DROUGHT MANAGEMENT
• CONCEPT: centered on emergency and focusing on drought “combat”;
• INSTRUMENTS: work forces, food and water stamps + water infrastructure without management;
• PROBLEMS: local politics interference, maintenance of high deficits, no preparedness for the next drought and high public investments
Ministry of Environment
THE NEW STRATEGY
• Water Infrastructure + Water Resources Management
• Instruments: – Strengthening of water resources institutions– implementation of IWRM– planning– civil works
Ministry of Environment
PROAGUA – World Bank loan BR 4310
Component US$ Million
Water resources management and institutional development
37.9
Engineering projects 19.7
Water Infrastructure Development 167.7
Project Monitoring 11.3
TOTAL 236.6
Ministry of Environment
PROAGUA – Water Resources Management Component
• State Water Management Institutions implemented (Ceará, Bahia, RN) ;
• Water Laws developed in all states;
• State Water Resources Plans developed in all States;
• Training of Technical Staff;
• Hydrologic Monitoring systems improved;
• Water permit systems and water charges implemented.
Ministry of Environment
PROÁGUA INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
Population: 4,728,897 millionPipelines : 2,635 kmEngineering works: 47
Ministry of Environment
Aracoiaba/Baturité system
Treated Water Pumping Station
Chaval/Barroquinha pipeline
Ministry of Environment
Water Fountain for disperse population water supply
Cariri – PB System –water treatment plant
Ministry of Environment
Pipelines in Pipelines in Rio Grande do NorteRio Grande do Norte
Ministry of Environment
REACHING OUT THE DISPERSE RURAL POPULATION
Ministry of Environment
2,200,000 RURAL HOMES DO NOT HAVE ADEQUATE
WATER SUPPLY
1 HOUR / DAY
(women and children)
Displacement and time spent in obtaining water
WATERSOURCES
3 km average
Ministry of Environment
RAIN WATER
HARVESTING
Ministry of Environment
SIMPLIFIED WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS
Ministry of Environment
DESALINATION
Ministry of EnvironmentSão Francisco Interbasin Water Transfer Project
Ministry of Environment
CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS
• Policies should take into consideration the specificity of supplying water to medium and large human settlements and to the rural disperse population
• Socio-economic development of the NE region of Brazil requires both: water resources infrastructure development and local government involvement
• Strengthening of the State water resources institutions is a basic requirement for the sustainability of the water infrastructure
• Success of PROAGUA suggests that the methodology could be pursued in other regions with similar climatic and social characteristics
Ministry of Environment
TESEKKÜRLER GRACIAS
TAK GRAZIE
OBRIGADOSIYABONGA
MERCI THANKSXIE XIEDANKE
