Download - Different learning styles (1)
-Bijal shah
Msc ECE
Ellis (1985) described learning style as it helps a
person in a consistent way to become conscious of
information needed, how to clarify and develop concepts
organize and recall information at the time of need.
(https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/learning-styles-teaching)
What is Learning Style?
• Learning style is basically how do learner gather information, skill
to explain it, information which is not applicable to separate it, organize the matter and combine the information, they store information to use it in future as per the need.
• Each of us have different learning style and how accordingly we organize our matter is what learning style describes about.
• This learning style come from the learners their specific characteristic, their learning experiences, their culture and the society they live in.
(http://cft.vanderbilt.edu/guides-sub-pages/learning-styles-preferences/)
V A R K
VISUAL
LEARNING
STYLE
AUDITORY
LEARNING
STYLE
READ/WRITE
LEARNING
STYLE
KINESTHETIC
LEARNING
STYLE
Theory of Neil Fleming's VARK model
• Learners who prefer visual learning style they learn best by
seeing.
• They prefer to see the information presented in visual rather
than in written form.
• Graphic displays like charts, diagrams, illustration, handouts
and videos are all helpful learning tools for visual learners.
• They visualize what they are doing or what they want to do.
• Learns best in interactive formats: Role play, modeling, groups
etc.
• Easily gets distracts when there are no visual aids while
explainning.
http://vark-learn.com/introduction-to-vark-modalities/
VISUAL LEARNING STYLE
Use multiple visual formats: chart presentation software,
video, notes, worksheets, flip charts, diagrams etc.
Write goals? Objectives of lessons on board.
Open-ended creative questions encouraging multiple
interpretation and solutions.
Leave white space in handouts for note taking .
Invite questions to help them stay alert.
Emphasize key points to cue when to take notes.
Mind mapping can be indulge to visual learning style children.
http://psychology.about.com/od/educationalpsychology/a/vark-
learning-styles.htm
VISUAL TEACHING STYLE
Learners learn best when information are spoken.
They do not need careful notes to learn, avoids eye contact
to concentrate.
They read aloud when they are learning or they keep
music on in background when they study.
This type of learners are good at remembering things they
are told.
Lecturers, group discussion, radio, email, speaking are the
best way for auditory learners to learn.
AUDITORY LEARNING STYLE
Traditional lecture, independent work.
Group discussion: feedback, paraphrasing from peers.
Individual conference/ interviews with instructor.
Allow “thinking time” to process information.
Try to do brainstorming.
Tasks calling for specific answers/ solutions.
Phrasing information several different ways.
Begin new material with “ what is coming” conclude with “what was covered”.
Give time to debrief in order to make connection.
AUDITORY TEACHING STYLE
Reading and writing learners prefer to take in information
displayed as words.
Learning materials that are primarily text based are strongly preferred.
This type of learner prefer to say the words/sentences and write it as well to learn.
Essay, PowerPoint making, reports, manual they are good at it.
They are good at writing down notes during lectures.
They prefer area which is quiet to learn and study themselves to prefer distraction.
www.thestudygurus.com/read-write-study-tips/
READ/WRITE LEARNING STYLE
Make chart of a chapter where everything is in written
form and less of diagrams and charts.
When you make notes for this type learner make sure you
make the sentence into bullet points.
Give a handout of what you have teach in class after a
class to have a revision.
Tell them to mark the key words in their notes so that they
recollect things easily.
READ/WRITE TEACHING STYLE
This type of learner prefers touch as their primarily mode for
taking in information, they are connected to reality.
This learners need more and more practical work.
They need opportunities for creativity, hands on learning, interaction with concrete materials.
Learning is best accommodated through movements.
This type of learners doesn’t like to seat at one place and learn they want to try things to get its knowledge.
They learn from lot of projects, new concrete personal experiences.
They believe in doing things and learning, it also includes case study and application based learning.
http://vark-learn.com/introduction-to-vark-modalities/
KINESTHETIC LEARNING STYLE
Experiential learning activities: labs, modules, educational
games.
Simulation( interact with/apply concepts)
Interaction via technology: audio, video, computers.
Demonstrations/ role play/ case studies.
Internships, different field trips can be organized, more of practical should be included.
Give frequent stretch breaks( brain breaks).
Have students transfer information from the text to another medium such as a keyboard.
http://vark-learn.com/introduction-to-vark-modalities/
KINESTHETIC TEACHING STYLE
Kolb’s (1984) experiential learning theory consists of a four stage learning cycle
where a learner will encounter all four stages of the cycle in varying degrees:
experiencing
reflecting,
thinking,
and acting. Learning is the process where by it is created through the transformation of experience(1984).
http://www.learning-theories.com/experiential-learning-kolb.htmlKolb, A.Y., & Kolb, D.A. (2005). The Kolb Learning Style Inventory – Version 3.1: 2005 Technical Specifications. Haygroup: Experience Based Learning Systems Inc.
David A. Kolb’s theory
Kolb’s
Experiential
Learning
Cycle
Concrete Experience
Observation &
Reflection
Forming Abstract
Concepts
Active
Experimentation
DivergerAccomodater
Converger Assimilator
Honey and Mumford's Learning Styles
Peter Honey and Alan Mumford adapted Kolb's learning
styles to develop their own model of learning styles.
Honey and Mumford's model assumes that people have
preferred learning styles but that these are dependent on
context and experience, so are not locked into any one
style.
These are assumed to be acquired preferences that are
adaptable, either at will or through changed
circumstances, rather than being fixed personality
characteristics.
Learning StyleStage associated
withLikes Dislikes
ActivistHaving an experience
Doing and experiencing. Games, practical activities, anything that is energetic and involving.
Sitting around for too long; working alone; theorising; having to listen to others.
ReflectorReviewing the experience
Time to think, observe, take it all in; watching others; solitude and time.
Being hurtled into activity, no time to think; crammed timetables; lack of privacy, no time to prepare.
TheoristConcluding from the experience
To know where something fits into overall ideas and concepts; analysis and logic; being stretched; abstract concepts; structure, clarity.
mindless fun; wasting time; not being able to question; lack of a timetable and structure.
PragmatistPlanning the next steps
Practical problem solving; relevance to the real world; applying learning.
Anything theoretical; learning that focuses too much on past or future and not present.
ACTIVISTSSTRENGTH
Flexible and open-minded.
Happy to "have a go“.
Enjoys new situations.
Optimistic about anything new -
therefore unlikely to resist change
WEAKNESS
Tendency to take the immediately
obvious course of action without
weighing up other possibilities.
Tendency to do too much
themselves.
Tendency to have public
attention.
Often take unnecessary risks.
Goes into action without
sufficient preparation.
Gets bored with implementation
and consolidation.
http://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/a-
documentation-differentiating-different-learning-
styles-education-essay.php#ixzz3Q8QG26yE
REFLECTORSTRENGTH
Careful.
Thorough and
methodical.
Thoughtful.
Good at listening and
assimilating information.
Rarely jump to
conclusions.
WEAKNESS
Tendency to hold back from
direct participation.
Slow to make up their minds
and reach a decision.
Tendency to be too cautious
and not take enough risks.
Not usually assertive.
http://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/a-documentation-differentiating-different-
learning-styles-education-essay.php#ixzz3Q8QG26yE
THEORISTSSTRENGTH
Logical, "vertical"
thinkers.
Rational and objective.
Disciplined approach.
Good at asking probing
questions.
WEAKNESS
Restricted in lateral thinking.
Low tolerance for uncertainty, disorder or ambiguity.
Intolerant of anything subjective or intuitive.
Full of "should", "oughts" and "musts“.
http://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/a-documentation-differentiating-different-learning-styles-
education-essay.php#ixzz3Q8QG26yE
PRAGMATISTSSTRENGTH
Keen to test things out in
practice.
Practical and realistic.
Down to earth and
business-like; gets straight
to the point.
Technique oriented.
WEAKNESS
Tendency to reject anything
without an obvious
application.
Not very interested in
theory or basic principles.
Tendency to seize on the
first expedient solution to a
problem.
Impatient with "waffle”.
Task-oriented rather than
people-oriented.
http://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/a-
documentation-differentiating-different-learning-styles-
education-essay.php#ixzz3Q8QG26yE
The student-teacher relationship can improve because the student is more successful and is more interested in learning.
Students who have become bored with learning may become interested once again.
As learning improves, so too does self esteem. This has a further positive effect on learning.
Students learn better and more quickly if the teaching methods used match their preferred learning styles.
ADVANTAGE OF LEARNING STYLE
Criticism
Mark K. Smith says that , “ Kolb’s model doesn't adequately address the process of reflection; the claims it makes about the four learning styles are extravagant; it doesn't sufficiently address the fact of different cultural conditions and experiences; the idea of stages/steps doesn't necessarily match reality; the relationship between learning processes and knowledge is more complex than Kolb draws it.
According to Stahl, there has been an "utter failure to find that assessing children's learning styles and matching to instructional methods has many effect on their learning."
learning styles such as VARK are helpful, particularly as they can have a tendency to label children and therefore restrict learning.
THANK YOU