-Bijal shah

Msc ECE

Ellis (1985) described learning style as it helps a

person in a consistent way to become conscious of

information needed, how to clarify and develop concepts

organize and recall information at the time of need.

(https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/learning-styles-teaching)

What is Learning Style?

• Learning style is basically how do learner gather information, skill

to explain it, information which is not applicable to separate it, organize the matter and combine the information, they store information to use it in future as per the need.

• Each of us have different learning style and how accordingly we organize our matter is what learning style describes about.

• This learning style come from the learners their specific characteristic, their learning experiences, their culture and the society they live in.

(http://cft.vanderbilt.edu/guides-sub-pages/learning-styles-preferences/)

V A R K

VISUAL

LEARNING

STYLE

AUDITORY

LEARNING

STYLE

READ/WRITE

LEARNING

STYLE

KINESTHETIC

LEARNING

STYLE

Theory of Neil Fleming's VARK model

• Learners who prefer visual learning style they learn best by

seeing.

• They prefer to see the information presented in visual rather

than in written form.

• Graphic displays like charts, diagrams, illustration, handouts

and videos are all helpful learning tools for visual learners.

• They visualize what they are doing or what they want to do.

• Learns best in interactive formats: Role play, modeling, groups

etc.

• Easily gets distracts when there are no visual aids while

explainning.

http://vark-learn.com/introduction-to-vark-modalities/

VISUAL LEARNING STYLE

Use multiple visual formats: chart presentation software,

video, notes, worksheets, flip charts, diagrams etc.

Write goals? Objectives of lessons on board.

Open-ended creative questions encouraging multiple

interpretation and solutions.

Leave white space in handouts for note taking .

Invite questions to help them stay alert.

Emphasize key points to cue when to take notes.

Mind mapping can be indulge to visual learning style children.

http://psychology.about.com/od/educationalpsychology/a/vark-

learning-styles.htm

VISUAL TEACHING STYLE

Learners learn best when information are spoken.

They do not need careful notes to learn, avoids eye contact

to concentrate.

They read aloud when they are learning or they keep

music on in background when they study.

This type of learners are good at remembering things they

are told.

Lecturers, group discussion, radio, email, speaking are the

best way for auditory learners to learn.

AUDITORY LEARNING STYLE

Traditional lecture, independent work.

Group discussion: feedback, paraphrasing from peers.

Individual conference/ interviews with instructor.

Allow “thinking time” to process information.

Try to do brainstorming.

Tasks calling for specific answers/ solutions.

Phrasing information several different ways.

Begin new material with “ what is coming” conclude with “what was covered”.

Give time to debrief in order to make connection.

AUDITORY TEACHING STYLE

Reading and writing learners prefer to take in information

displayed as words.

Learning materials that are primarily text based are strongly preferred.

This type of learner prefer to say the words/sentences and write it as well to learn.

Essay, PowerPoint making, reports, manual they are good at it.

They are good at writing down notes during lectures.

They prefer area which is quiet to learn and study themselves to prefer distraction.

www.thestudygurus.com/read-write-study-tips/

READ/WRITE LEARNING STYLE

Make chart of a chapter where everything is in written

form and less of diagrams and charts.

When you make notes for this type learner make sure you

make the sentence into bullet points.

Give a handout of what you have teach in class after a

class to have a revision.

Tell them to mark the key words in their notes so that they

recollect things easily.

READ/WRITE TEACHING STYLE

This type of learner prefers touch as their primarily mode for

taking in information, they are connected to reality.

This learners need more and more practical work.

They need opportunities for creativity, hands on learning, interaction with concrete materials.

Learning is best accommodated through movements.

This type of learners doesn’t like to seat at one place and learn they want to try things to get its knowledge.

They learn from lot of projects, new concrete personal experiences.

They believe in doing things and learning, it also includes case study and application based learning.

http://vark-learn.com/introduction-to-vark-modalities/

KINESTHETIC LEARNING STYLE

Experiential learning activities: labs, modules, educational

games.

Simulation( interact with/apply concepts)

Interaction via technology: audio, video, computers.

Demonstrations/ role play/ case studies.

Internships, different field trips can be organized, more of practical should be included.

Give frequent stretch breaks( brain breaks).

Have students transfer information from the text to another medium such as a keyboard.

http://vark-learn.com/introduction-to-vark-modalities/

KINESTHETIC TEACHING STYLE

Kolb’s (1984) experiential learning theory consists of a four stage learning cycle

where a learner will encounter all four stages of the cycle in varying degrees:

experiencing

reflecting,

thinking,

and acting. Learning is the process where by it is created through the transformation of experience(1984).

http://www.learning-theories.com/experiential-learning-kolb.htmlKolb, A.Y., & Kolb, D.A. (2005). The Kolb Learning Style Inventory – Version 3.1: 2005 Technical Specifications. Haygroup: Experience Based Learning Systems Inc.

David A. Kolb’s theory

Kolb’s

Experiential

Learning

Cycle

Concrete Experience

Observation &

Reflection

Forming Abstract

Concepts

Active

Experimentation

DivergerAccomodater

Converger Assimilator

Honey and Mumford's Learning Styles

Peter Honey and Alan Mumford adapted Kolb's learning

styles to develop their own model of learning styles.

Honey and Mumford's model assumes that people have

preferred learning styles but that these are dependent on

context and experience, so are not locked into any one

style.

These are assumed to be acquired preferences that are

adaptable, either at will or through changed

circumstances, rather than being fixed personality

characteristics.

Learning StyleStage associated

withLikes Dislikes

ActivistHaving an experience

Doing and experiencing. Games, practical activities, anything that is energetic and involving.

Sitting around for too long; working alone; theorising; having to listen to others.

ReflectorReviewing the experience

Time to think, observe, take it all in; watching others; solitude and time.

Being hurtled into activity, no time to think; crammed timetables; lack of privacy, no time to prepare.

TheoristConcluding from the experience

To know where something fits into overall ideas and concepts; analysis and logic; being stretched; abstract concepts; structure, clarity.

mindless fun; wasting time; not being able to question; lack of a timetable and structure.

PragmatistPlanning the next steps

Practical problem solving; relevance to the real world; applying learning.

Anything theoretical; learning that focuses too much on past or future and not present.

ACTIVISTSSTRENGTH

Flexible and open-minded.

Happy to "have a go“.

Enjoys new situations.

Optimistic about anything new -

therefore unlikely to resist change

WEAKNESS

Tendency to take the immediately

obvious course of action without

weighing up other possibilities.

Tendency to do too much

themselves.

Tendency to have public

attention.

Often take unnecessary risks.

Goes into action without

sufficient preparation.

Gets bored with implementation

and consolidation.

http://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/a-

documentation-differentiating-different-learning-

styles-education-essay.php#ixzz3Q8QG26yE

REFLECTORSTRENGTH

Careful.

Thorough and

methodical.

Thoughtful.

Good at listening and

assimilating information.

Rarely jump to

conclusions.

WEAKNESS

Tendency to hold back from

direct participation.

Slow to make up their minds

and reach a decision.

Tendency to be too cautious

and not take enough risks.

Not usually assertive.

http://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/a-documentation-differentiating-different-

learning-styles-education-essay.php#ixzz3Q8QG26yE

THEORISTSSTRENGTH

Logical, "vertical"

thinkers.

Rational and objective.

Disciplined approach.

Good at asking probing

questions.

WEAKNESS

Restricted in lateral thinking.

Low tolerance for uncertainty, disorder or ambiguity.

Intolerant of anything subjective or intuitive.

Full of "should", "oughts" and "musts“.

http://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/a-documentation-differentiating-different-learning-styles-

education-essay.php#ixzz3Q8QG26yE

PRAGMATISTSSTRENGTH

Keen to test things out in

practice.

Practical and realistic.

Down to earth and

business-like; gets straight

to the point.

Technique oriented.

WEAKNESS

Tendency to reject anything

without an obvious

application.

Not very interested in

theory or basic principles.

Tendency to seize on the

first expedient solution to a

problem.

Impatient with "waffle”.

Task-oriented rather than

people-oriented.

http://www.ukessays.com/essays/education/a-

documentation-differentiating-different-learning-styles-

education-essay.php#ixzz3Q8QG26yE

The student-teacher relationship can improve because the student is more successful and is more interested in learning.

Students who have become bored with learning may become interested once again.

As learning improves, so too does self esteem. This has a further positive effect on learning.

Students learn better and more quickly if the teaching methods used match their preferred learning styles.

ADVANTAGE OF LEARNING STYLE

Criticism

Mark K. Smith says that , “ Kolb’s model doesn't adequately address the process of reflection; the claims it makes about the four learning styles are extravagant; it doesn't sufficiently address the fact of different cultural conditions and experiences; the idea of stages/steps doesn't necessarily match reality; the relationship between learning processes and knowledge is more complex than Kolb draws it.

According to Stahl, there has been an "utter failure to find that assessing children's learning styles and matching to instructional methods has many effect on their learning."

learning styles such as VARK are helpful, particularly as they can have a tendency to label children and therefore restrict learning.

THANK YOU