Differences BetweenBritish English & American English
Group5: 杜霞、刘文苗、汤成之、张烨
Outline Reasons for the Research &Potential Reader
s
Introduction & Background
Major Differences
Conclusion
Reasons for the Research
To identify the differences between these two kinds of English, as to acquire pure English, but not half-breed broken English.
To distinguish and dig deeper into cultural differences through learning differences in languages.
Potential Readers English-major students ( especially those w
ho are puzzled at the differences between British English and American English)
The ones dedicated to English studies or English-related careers.
Introduction British English (BrE) is the form of English
used in the United Kingdom. It includes all English dialects used within the United Kingdom.
American English (AmE) is the form of English used in the United States. It includes all English dialects used within the United States of America.
Background English and Americans are ‘two nations separated by a
common language’. The English language was first introduced to the America
s by British colonization, beginning in the early 17th century.
Over the past 400 years, the form of the language used in the United States have diverged in a few minor ways, leading to the dialects now occasionally referred to as American English and British English. Differences between the two include pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary (lexis), spelling, punctuation, idioms, formatting of dates and numbers, and so on.
Difference in Spelling
Difference in Pronunciation
Difference in Punctuation
Difference in Grammar
Difference in Spelling
American English British English
Color colour
Center centre
Organize organise
Analyze analyse
Jewelry jewellry
Disk disc
Check checque
Plow plough
Reasons of Different Spelling
British English has many traces of the original languages they derived from, while American English hasn’t.
Americans take the chance of spelling reform to show their independence from Britain.
American is a less formal nation.
Difference in Pronunciation
Different Pronunciation of the Same Word
BrE AmE Words
/iː/ /ɛ/ aesthete, lever, penalize
/ɑː/ /æ/ banana, morale, soprano
/ɪ/ /aɪ/ dynasty, privacy, vitamin
Different Stress of the Same Word
BrE AmE
`salon sa`lon
`debut de`but
`buffet bu`ffet
Different pronunciation of -ary,-ery or -ory
Word BrE AmE
military /'mɪlɪtəriː/ or /'mɪlɪtriː/
/'mɪlɪtɛriː/
library /'laɪbɛri/ /'laɪbrɛri/
strawberry /'strɔːbəriː/ /'strɔbɛri/
Reasons for Pronunciation Difference
Regional and national pride
Changing ideas about what sounded like "proper" speech.
Difference in Punctuation
Periods in Abbreviations
BrE AmE
Mr Mr.
St St.
Dr Dr.
Prof Prof.
Quotation marks with periods and commas
For Example: Carefree means "free from care or anxiety."
(American style) Carefree means "free from care or anxiety".
(British style)
Reasons for Different Position of Punctuation Marks
The reason for this difference begins with the introduction of movable type.
Americans found that the periods and commas were more stable when they were placed inside closing quotation marks, while British people didn’t.
Differences in Grammar
1.Use of the present perfect
In British English, the present perfect is used to express an action that has occurred in the recent past that has an effect on the present moment. However, both forms are generally accepted in standard American English. Other differences involving the use of the present perfect in British English and simple past in American English include already, just and yet.
For example:
British English: I've just had lunch. I've already seen that film.American English: I just had lunch Or I've just had lunch I've already seen that film Or I already saw that film.
2. Forms of Past Simple/Past Participles
The following verbs have two acceptable forms of the past simple/past participle in both American and British English, however, the irregular form is generally more common in British English (the first form of the two), and the regular form is more common to American English.
For example:
1). burn: burnt (BrE) burned (AmE)
2). dream: dreamt (BrE) dreamed (AmE)
3). learn: Leant (BrE) Leaned (AmE)
3. Formal and notional agreement In BrE, collective nouns can take either singular or plural verb forms,
according to whether the emphasis is, respectively, on the body as a whole or on the individual members
In AmE, collective nouns are usually singular in construction
The difference occurs for all nouns of multitude, both general terms such as team and company and proper nouns (for example, a sports team).
For example
1) BrE: The Clash are a well-known band. AmE: The Clash is a well-known band
2) BrE: Pittsburgh are the champions. AmE: Pittsburgh is the champion.
4. Possessions There are two forms to express possession in English. Have & Have got. While both forms are correct (and accepted in both British and American English), “have got” (have you got, he hasn't got, etc.) is generally the preferred form in British English while most speakers of American English employ “have” (do you have, he doesn't have etc.).
For example:
1). AmE: Do you have a car?BrE: Have you got a car?
2). AmE; He doesn't have any friends.
BrE: He hasn't got any friends.
5. PrepositionsThere are also a few differences in preposition use including the following:
1) AmE - on the weekend BrE - at the weekend
2) AmE - on a team BrE - in a team
3) AmE - please write (/) me soon BrE - please write to me soon
6. The definite article
A few 'institutional' nouns take no definite article when a certain role is implied: for example, “at sea” (as a sailor), “in prison” (as a convict), while AmE requires “in the hospital” and “at the university” (though AmE does allow at college and in school). When the implied roles of patient or student do not apply, the definite article is used in both dialects.
Likewise, BrE distinguishes “in future” ("from now on") from “in the future” ("at some future time"); AmE uses “in the future” for both senses.
AmE omits, and BrE requires, the definite article in a few standard expression such as “tell (the) time”.
In BrE, numbered highways and named roads usually take the definite article, while in America they usually do not (except Southern California and Arizona).
AmE distinguishes “in back of” [behind] from “in the back of”; the former is unknown in the UK. Both, however, distinguish “in front of” from “in the front of”.
Dates usually include a definite article in UK spoken English, while American speakers most commonly emit the definite article.
Why there are so many differences?
Politics and economy
Culture
Nature
Social living style
Politics and Economy
Language can cause an acutely change after a political
events.
In America, after the famous “9.11”, a lot of new words
have been created in American English. For example, the
word “ground zero” is used to describe the ruins of the
World Trade Center after the attack. And even the word
“9.11” become to has its own special meaning.
In Britain, after Tony Blair became the leader, we can also find some n
ew words which are related to him, such as “Blairism, Blairist, Blairistas,
Blairification, Blairite” and so on. Since the world’s economy has deve
loped, some economic words are created. A typical example is the suf
fix “nomics”, such as “Bushnomics, Blairnomics, Bogernomics”. These
words mean “somebody’s economic policy”.
Culture
America is a country which is founded by immigrates, and “From the many on
e” is the nation’s admonition. The "united” in the name of “the United States of
America” not only means the people who are united, but also means the culture
s which are united.
Britain is a monarchism country with a long history. It has its own system: Duk
e/Duchess (公爵 ),Marquis/Marchionesses (侯爵 ),Earl/Countess (伯爵 ),Visco
unt/Viscountness (子爵 )和 Baron/Baroness (男爵 ).
Nature Because of some differences in natural environment, British English and
American English have some unavoidable differences.
For example, America covers a variety of landforms, so words like “caribo
u(北美的驯鹿 ), sagebrush(北美艾灌丛 ), sequoia(红杉 ), the Ever
glades(美国佛罗里达州南部大沼泽地 ) can only be found in American En
glish.
However, Britain is surrounded by the sea, and its development has muc
h to do with the sea. For example: “plain sailing (一帆风顺 ),go with the st
ream (随波逐流 ),on the rocks (触礁 )” in British English.
Social living Style
As an active material, language, especially English, can reflect a
nation’s social living style.
For example:
In the 1960s of America, there were a group of young people who were
unsatisfied with the society and tried to break the mould, and we called
them hippies.
Some other similar words such as “baby boomer, baby buster, lost
generation, generation X, generation Y”, are the records of those
young Americans’ social living style.
American English VS British English
Nowadays, with the development of the high-tech industries, our earth
seems to be as small as a village. Because of the globalization,
people from different countries become to more and more close in
spite of the differences in the economy or political aspect. We have to
admit that since America has took over the world NO.1 from Britain,
American English has made a great influence in British English and
become more and more popular.
However, although British English and American English have a lot of
differences, people from these two countries can understand each
other without difficulties in most situations. Actually, British English
has changed its role from “export” to “import”. According to a survey
conducted by the local Britain people, it shows clearly that the British
people began to learn to use some simple American English, and other
English speaking countries also prefer to use American English rather
use British English. With the character of getting close to American
English, British English will gradually be assimilated by American
English.