Download - Creating the Constitution (2012)
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Creating the Constitution
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A MEETING CALLED IN PHILADELPHIA
TO FIX THE AOC IN 1787.
Problems1. No National Security
2. Poor Economy
3. Pay war debt4. Define what U.S.
govt should be
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The Constitutional Convention begins
55 Delegates met in absolute secrecy in
Philadelphia during the scorching hot summer of1787.
Delegates from all of the states were invited, only
RI didnt attend. They met in Independence Hall.
On average about 30 delegates
were there each day. James Madison was the only
delegate to never miss a day.
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Men?? George Washington was chosen as
chairman (leader) of the Convention. James Madison kept detailed notes of
the discussions and is often calledThe Father of the Constitution b/c
his plan for a new govt became theConstitution.
The men at the Convention are knownas the Framers of the Constitution.
All the participants in the Conventionwere wealthy and white males.
Many of the men were lawyers and
some were plantation owners.
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GEORGE
WASHINGTON
(CHAIRMAN)
BEN FRANKLIN
JAMES MADISON-
FATHER OF THE
CONSTITUTION
ALEXANDER
HAMILTONLeaders of the
Convention
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John Hancock
Thomas Paine
These men didnot attend
Patrick Henry
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ALL 13 STATES HAD A CONSTITUTION
USED AS A MODEL FOR FEDERAL GOVT
POWER OF GOVT SEPARATED
BETWEEN 3 EQUAL BRANCHES
(LEGISLATIVE, EXECUTIVE, JUDICIAL)
BILL OF RIGHTS FOR CITIZENS
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Proposals for a New
Government
Delegates agreed to get rid of the
AOC and create a whole new govt.
2 plans were presented by
delegates at the Convention.
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The Virginia Plan-
The 1st plan was presented by James Madisonand delegates from Virginia.
-It proposed a system ofgovt with 3 branches.
(Just like state constitutions.)
1. LEGISLATIVE (CONGRESS)- MAKES THE LAW
2. EXECUTIVE (PRESIDENT)- ENFORCES THE LAW
3. JUDICIAL (COURTS)- I NTERPRETS THE LAW
- Most of the delegates agreed with this part of the Virginia
Plan.
however
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Many delegates had a problem with how the Legislative Branch
(Congress) would be set up.
According to the Virginia Plan, Congress would have two houses
(bicameral). An upper house and a lower house.
States would get representatives (REPS) based on their population
(people).
-MOREPEOPLE=MOREREPS-MOREREPS=MOREVOTES
-MOREVOTES=CONTROL OVER LAWS PASSED
-CONTROL OVER LAWS PASSED
=CONTROL OF THECOUNTRY
The smaller states in Congress were not happy with this part of the
Virginia Plan b/c they felt the larger states would control which laws
would get passed.
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Virginia PlanProposed by big states
Lawmaking body:
Bicameral (2 Houses)
Elected by
the people
Elected by the
1st house
# of Congressmen determined by state population
Based on
Population
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*In the space provided on your Lazy
Notes, write the names of the 6
largest states and the names of the
6 smallest states.
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New Jersey PlanThe smaller states countered with the New Jersey Plan. This plan also called for 3 branches
ofgovt like the Virginia Plan. The difference was the Legislative Branch would only have 1
house (unicameral). AND each state would get 1 representative in Congress.
**1 rep=1 vote**
The large states did not approve of the NJ Plan! Why?
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Great Compromise(AKA: Connecticut Plan)To solve the debate, Roger Sherman of Connecticut came up with a
compromise plan. The Connecticut Plan combined both of the other
plans and formed a bicameral (2 house) legislative branch.
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SHOULD SLAVES BE COUNTED AS
POPULATION.
SOUTH YES NORTHNO
3/5 Compromise
30,000 people = 1 Congressman
IF SLAVES ARE COUNTED, SLAVESTATES (SOUTH) GET MORE VOTES IN
CONGRESS. FREE STATES (NORTH)
WONT LET THAT HAPPEN.
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3/5 CompromiseA compromise was reached that said
for every 5 slaves counted, 3 people
would be added to that states
population.
5 slaves
= 3 peopleDraw this
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FEDERALISTS: SUPPORTED THE CONSTITUTION B/CAMERICA NEEDED A STRONG NATIONAL GOVT TO
PROTECT, PROVIDE, AND PRESERVE JUSTICE FOR ALL.
For
John Jay
TO CONVINCE THE AMERICAN PEOPLE TO VOTE YES TO
THE NEW CONSTITUTION MADISON, HAMILTON, AND JAY
WROTE A SERIES OF 85 ESSAYS CALLED THE FEDERALIST
PAPERSTHAT PROMOTED HOW GOOD THE NEW GOVT
WOULD BE UNDER THE CONSTITUTION.
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ANTI-FEDERALISTS: SAID THE NEW GOVT WOULD BETOO POWERFUL AND TAKE AWAY THE RIGHTS OF THE
PEOPLE.
Against
THE ANTI-FEDERALISTS SAID THE NEW GOVT WOULD
TAKE AWAY INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS, STATES RIGHTS, AND
WOULD FAVOR THE WEALTHY. THEY WANTED A BILL OF
RIGHTS INCLUDED IN THE CONSTITUTION.
GEORGE MASON
FEDERALISTS: ANTI FEDERALISTS:
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FEDERALISTS:
1. Strong national government.
2. Govt controlled by wealthy,educated citizens.
3. Favorable to big business andbanks. (wealthy)
ANTI-FEDERALISTS:
1. Strong state governments.
2. Govt controlled by ordinary citizens.
3. Favorable to small farmers andworkers. (unwealthy)
Thomas Jefferson
Lets play
theopposite
game!!!Alexander Hamilton
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1. Who controlled the larger cities?
2. Who controlled the rural areas and small
farming communities?
3. Who do you think had more support
nation wide?
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The work of the convention was done by September, 1787.
The Constitution was sent to every state government to be
discussed and voted on.
Ratifying the
Constitution
9 states out of the 13 had to ratify it in order for it to becomeeffective..
The Constitution was officially ratified on June 21, 1788. (NH
made it official)
Many states said the would only ratify the Constitution if it
had a bill of rights added to it.
Delaware was the first state to approve the Constitution.
Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution in 1791.