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What is an What is an IONIONand how do youand how do you
make one?make one?An An atomatom with a with a positivepositive oror negative negative charge charge due due
to anto an unbalance unbalance ofof protons protons andand electronselectrons..
SimulatorSimulator
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Which Which elementselements
are these?are these?
What do they What do they have in have in
common?common?
18221822
36483648
NEON
HELIUM
ARGON
KRYPTON
Nobles Video
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NOBLE GASES HAVE FULL OUTER LEVELS NOBLE GASES HAVE FULL OUTER LEVELS OF ELECTRONS (VALENCE ELECTRONS)!OF ELECTRONS (VALENCE ELECTRONS)!
18221822
36483648
HELIUM
NEON ARGON
KRYPTONTHE
NOBLE GASES
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What word comesWhat word comesto mind when youto mind when youwatch this video?watch this video?
Play ‘Leave Brittney Alone’ Video
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Definition: Not fixed or firm, Definition: Not fixed or firm, inconsistent, irregular or waveringinconsistent, irregular or wavering
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UNSTABLE!UNSTABLE!_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
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The elements are very UNSTABLE creatures!
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For the elements, STABILITY is happiness.
This happens when they obtain a
FULL OUTER LEVELof electrons!
VALENCE ELECTRONS
For the elements, STABILITY is happiness.
This happens when they obtain a
FULL OUTER LEVELof electrons!
VALENCE ELECTRONS
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ESSENTIAL QUESTIONESSENTIAL QUESTION
• Can you explain why most Can you explain why most elements are unstable and elements are unstable and what they do in order to get what they do in order to get stable, giving examples?stable, giving examples?
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The Noble Gases
The Noble Gases
HeHeNeNe
ArArKrKr
XeXeRnRn
PLAY PROMO CLIP
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Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comThe Noble GasesThe Noble Gases
HeHe NeNe ArAr KrKr XeXe RnRn
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Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comThe Noble GasesThe Noble Gases
HeHeNeNe ArAr KrKr XeXe RnRn
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Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comThe Noble GasesThe Noble Gases
HeHe NeNe ArArKrKr XeXe
RnRn
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The Noble Gases
HELIUM NEON
KRYPTONXENONARGON
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They all want to be like the NOBLE GASES!
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THE ELEMENTS WISHESTHE ELEMENTS WISHES• I WISH I WAS I WISH I WAS STABLESTABLE..
• I WISH I HAD A I WISH I HAD A FULL OUTER FULL OUTER LEVELLEVEL OF ELECTRONS. OF ELECTRONS.
• I WISH I WAS I WISH I WAS LIKE THE NOBLE LIKE THE NOBLE GASESGASES..
OLD I WISH NEW I WISH
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THE ELEMENTS WISHESTHE ELEMENTS WISHES• I WISH I WAS I WISH I WAS STABLESTABLE..
• I WISH I WAS I WISH I WAS FULLFULL..
• I WISH I WAS A I WISH I WAS A GASGAS..
• I WISH I WAS I WISH I WAS NOBLENOBLE..
OLD I WISH NEW I WISH
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IONSIONS• The tendency of the elements to The tendency of the elements to
STABILIZESTABILIZE by obtaining a by obtaining a FULL FULL VALENCEVALENCE of electrons, of electrons,called the called the OCTET RULEOCTET RULE..
• They can do this byThey can do this byGAININGGAINING electrons, which produces electrons, which produces a a NEGATIVE CHARGENEGATIVE CHARGE..
• Or they can Or they can LOSELOSE electrons, which electrons, which produces a produces a POSITIVEPOSITIVE CHARGECHARGE..
Nobles VideoSimulatorSimulator
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ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
IONSIONS
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How will Fluorine stabilize?How will Fluorine stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
9109
10
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Fluorine will stabilize byFluorine will stabilize byGAINING 1 ELECTRON (-1 Charge)GAINING 1 ELECTRON (-1 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
9109
10
-1
NEON
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ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
IONSIONS
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How will Oxygen stabilize?How will Oxygen stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
8888
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Oxygen will stabilize byOxygen will stabilize byGAINING 2 Electrons (-2 Charge)GAINING 2 Electrons (-2 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
8888
-2
NEON
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ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2
IONSIONS
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OOxygen
Atomic #8
Atomic Mass16
8 Protons8 Neutrons8 Electrons
O168
178O
188O
This is how your packet should look so far!This is how your packet should look so far!
O168
178 O 18
8O8P10N
-2
• Pick another isotope if possible.Pick another isotope if possible.• Circle if it gains or loses electrons.Circle if it gains or loses electrons.
• Draw the charge, use yellow for negative.Draw the charge, use yellow for negative.• Use a different color for added electrons.Use a different color for added electrons.
00
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How will Nitrogen stabilize?How will Nitrogen stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
7777
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Nitrogen will stabilize byNitrogen will stabilize byGAINING 3 Electrons (-3 Charge)GAINING 3 Electrons (-3 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
7777
-3
NEON
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ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2
NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3
IONSIONS
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How will Carbon stabilize?How will Carbon stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
6666
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Carbon will stabilize byCarbon will stabilize byGAINING 4 Electrons (-4 Charge)GAINING 4 Electrons (-4 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
6666
-4
NEON
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ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2
NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3
CARBON 4 GAIN 4 -4
IONSIONS
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How will Boron stabilize?How will Boron stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
5656
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Boron stabilize byBoron stabilize byLOSING 3 Electrons (+3 Charge)LOSING 3 Electrons (+3 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons +35656
HELIUM
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ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2
NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3
CARBON 4 GAIN 4 -4
BORON 3 LOSE 3 +3
IONSIONS
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How will Beryllium stabilize?How will Beryllium stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
4545
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Beryllium will stabilize byBeryllium will stabilize byLOSING 2 Electrons (+2 Charge)LOSING 2 Electrons (+2 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
4545
+2
HELIUM
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ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2
NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3
CARBON 4 GAIN 4 -4
BORON 3 LOSE 3 +3
BERYLLIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2
IONSIONS
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This is how your packet should look so far!This is how your packet should look so far!
Be
Beryllium
Atomic #4
Atomic Mass9
4 Protons5 Neutrons4 Electrons
Be74
94Be
104Be
Be74Be9
4 Be104 +2
4P6N
00
• Pick another isotope if possible.Pick another isotope if possible.• Circle if it gains or loses electrons.Circle if it gains or loses electrons.
• Draw the charge, use blue for positive.Draw the charge, use blue for positive.• Use an X for lost electrons.Use an X for lost electrons.
XXXX
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How will Lithium stabilize?How will Lithium stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
3434
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Lithium will stabilize byLithium will stabilize byLOSING 1 Electron (+1 Charge)LOSING 1 Electron (+1 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
3434
+1
HELIUM
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ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2
NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3
CARBON 4 GAIN 4 -4
BORON 3 LOSE 3 +3
BERYLLIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2
LITHIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1
IONSIONS
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How will Helium stabilize?How will Helium stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
2424
![Page 43: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
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NEITHER!!!NEITHER!!!Helium is already STABLE!Helium is already STABLE!
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
2424
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ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2
NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3
CARBON 4 GAIN 4 -4
BORON 3 LOSE 3 +3
BERYLLIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2
LITHIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1
HELIUM 2 NONE 0
IONSIONS
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• Every time you get to a Noble GasEvery time you get to a Noble Gas• Cross out gained or lost and write ‘NONE’Cross out gained or lost and write ‘NONE’• Draw a happy face and label ‘Noble Gas’Draw a happy face and label ‘Noble Gas’
NeNeon
Atomic #10
Atomic Mass20
10 Protons10 Neutrons10 Electrons
Ne1910
2010Ne2210Ne
This is how your packet should look so far!This is how your packet should look so far!
2010Ne
NONE
NOBLE GAS
1910Ne
10P9N
10P10N
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How will HYDROGEN stabilize?How will HYDROGEN stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
1010
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How will HYDROGEN stabilize?How will HYDROGEN stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
1010
-1
HELIUM
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ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2
NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3
CARBON 4 GAIN 4 -4
BORON 3 LOSE 3 +3
BERYLLIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2
LITHIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1
HELIUM 2 NONE 0
HYDROGEN 1 GAIN 1 -1
IONSIONS
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Neon is already STABLE!Neon is already STABLE!
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
18221822
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ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
NEON 8 NONE 0
FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2
NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3
CARBON 4 GAIN 4 -4
BORON 3 LOSE 3 +3
BERYLLIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2
LITHIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1
HELIUM 2 NONE 0
HYDROGEN 1 GAIN 1 -1
IONSIONS
Nobles VideoChemistry of Bad Breath
![Page 51: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
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How will Phosphorus stabilize?How will Phosphorus stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
15161516
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Phosphorus will stabilize byPhosphorus will stabilize byGAINING 3 ELECTRONS (-3 Charge)GAINING 3 ELECTRONS (-3 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
15161516
-3
ARGON
![Page 53: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
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ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3
IONSIONS
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Why is Why is GAININGGAINING Electrons Electronsa a NEGATIVE CHARGENEGATIVE CHARGE??
++++++
+++++- - - - - -
- - - - - - - -
+-
+-
+-
+-
-3
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How will Sodium stabilize?How will Sodium stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
11121112
![Page 56: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
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Sodium will stabilize bySodium will stabilize byLOSING 1 ELECTRON (+1 Charge)LOSING 1 ELECTRON (+1 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
11121112
+1
NEON
![Page 57: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
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ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1
PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3
IONSIONS
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Why is Why is LOSINGLOSING Electrons Electronsa a POSITIVE CHARGEPOSITIVE CHARGE??
++++++
+- - - - - -
-
+-
+-
+-
+- +1
![Page 59: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
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How will Chlorine stabilize?How will Chlorine stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
17181718
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Chlorine will stabilize byChlorine will stabilize byGAINING 1 ELECTRON (-1 Charge)GAINING 1 ELECTRON (-1 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
17181718
-1
ARGON
![Page 61: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
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ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1
PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3
CHLORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
IONSIONS
![Page 62: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
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How will Aluminum stabilize?How will Aluminum stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
13141314
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Aluminum will stabilize byAluminum will stabilize byLOSING 3 ELECTRONS (+3 Charge)LOSING 3 ELECTRONS (+3 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
13141314
+3
NEON
![Page 64: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
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ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1
ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3
PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3
CHLORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
IONSIONS
![Page 65: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
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How will Magnesium stabilize?How will Magnesium stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
12121212
![Page 66: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
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Magnesium will stabilize byMagnesium will stabilize byLOSING 2 ELECTRONS (+2 Charge)LOSING 2 ELECTRONS (+2 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
12121212
+2
NEON
![Page 67: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
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ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1
MAGNESIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2
ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3
PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3
CHLORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
IONSIONS
![Page 68: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
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How will Sulfur stabilize?How will Sulfur stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
16161616
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Sulfur will stabilize bySulfur will stabilize byGAINING 2 ELECTRONS (-2 Charge)GAINING 2 ELECTRONS (-2 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
16161616
-2
ARGON
![Page 70: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
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ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1
MAGNESIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2
ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3
PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3
SULFUR 6 GAIN 2 -2
CHLORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
IONSIONS
![Page 71: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
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How will Silicon stabilize?How will Silicon stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
14141414
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Silicon will stabilize bySilicon will stabilize byGAINING 4 ELECTRONS (-4 Charge)GAINING 4 ELECTRONS (-4 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
14141414
-4
ARGON
![Page 73: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
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Silicon will also stabilize bySilicon will also stabilize byLOSING 4 Electrons (+4 Charge)LOSING 4 Electrons (+4 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
14141414
+4
NEON
![Page 74: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
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ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1
MAGNESIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2
ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3
SILICON 4 BOTH +4 OR -4
PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3
SULFUR 6 GAIN 2 -2
CHLORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
IONSIONS
![Page 75: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
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How will Argon stabilize?How will Argon stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
18221822
![Page 76: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
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NEITHER!!!NEITHER!!!Argon is already STABLE!Argon is already STABLE!
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
18221822
![Page 77: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
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ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1
MAGNESIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2
ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3
SILICON 4 BOTH +4 OR -4
PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3
SULFUR 6 GAIN 2 -2
CHLORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
ARGON 8 NONE 0
IONSIONS
![Page 78: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
________________ electrons, atoms want to
become ____________, filling up their outer
____________.
________________ electrons, _________
electrons makes them _____________, that’s
the pattern of the ______________.
Valence
level
Valence eight
MY TRENDS VIDEO
stable
stable
table
![Page 79: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
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Can You Figure It Out?Can You Figure It Out?
Which elements are…Which elements are…
• The MetalsThe Metals• The Non-MetalsThe Non-Metals
• Which group is the largest?Which group is the largest?
LOOK ATTHE CHARGES
![Page 80: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
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TRENDS OF THE TABLETRENDS OF THE TABLEElements as Stabilized IONSElements as Stabilized IONS
BeBe++
22
HH-1-1 HeHe
LiLi+1+1 BB+3+3 CC-4-4 NN-3-3 OO-2-2 FF-1-1 NeNe
MgMg++
22NaNa+1+1
AlAl++33
SiSi±4±4 PP-3-3 SS-2-2 ClCl-1-1 ArAr
CaCa+2+2KK+1+1 GaGa+3+3
GeGe+4+4
AsAs-3-3 SeSe--
22
BrBr-1-1 KrKr
SrSr++
22
RbRb+1+1
InIn+3+3 SnSn++
44
SbSb++
33
TeTe-2-2 II-1-1 XeXe
BaBa++
22
CsCs++
11
TlTl+3+3 PbPb++
44
BiBi++33
PoPo++
22
AtAt-1-1 RnRn
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ScSc++
22
TiTi+2+2 VV+2+2 CrCr++
11
MnMn++
22
FeFe++
22
CoCo++
22
NiNi+2+2 CuCu++
11
ZnZn++
22
YY+2+2 ZrZr++
22
NbNb++
11
MoMo+1+1
TcTc+2+2 RuRu++
11
RhRh++
11
PdPd AgAg++
11
CdCd++
22
LaLa++
22
HfHf++
22
TaTa++
22
WW+2+2 ReRe++
22
OsOs++
22
IrIr+2+2 PtPt+1+1 AuAu++
11
HgHg++
22
Transition MetalsTransition Metals
TRENDS OF THE TABLETRENDS OF THE TABLEElements as Stabilized IONSElements as Stabilized IONS
![Page 82: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
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H He
B C N O F Ne
Si P S Cl Ar
Ge As Se Br Kr
Sb Te I Xe
Po At Rn
Li Be
Na Mg Al
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi
Ce Pr Nb Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
![Page 83: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
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H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Ce Pr Nb Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
PLAY METALS VIDEO
![Page 84: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
That’s why we use metals to That’s why we use metals to make electrical cables!make electrical cables!
They love to LOSEtheir electrons!
WHAT IS ELECTRICITY?
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Li Be B
Na Mg Al Si
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At
Ce Pr Nb Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
H He
C N O F Ne
P S Cl Ar
Se Br Kr
I Xe
Rn
![Page 86: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
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H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
La Ce Pr Nb Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
PLAY NON-METALS VIDEOPLAY NON-METALS VIDEO
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H He
Li Be C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn I Xe
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi At Rn
Ce Pr Nb Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
B
Si
Ge As
Sb Te
Po
![Page 88: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
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H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Ce Pr Nb Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
PLAY SEMI-METALS VIDEO
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The Main GroupsThe Main Groups
• Metals LOSE ElectronsMetals LOSE Electronscalled CATIONScalled CATIONS
• Non-Metals GAIN ElectronsNon-Metals GAIN Electronscalled ANIONScalled ANIONS
• Semi-Metals can do eitherSemi-Metals can do either
![Page 90: Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comCreativeChemistryLessons.com What is an ION and how do you make one? An atom with a positive or negative charge](https://reader038.vdocuments.site/reader038/viewer/2022103022/56649c875503460f9493f46c/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
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H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Ce Pr Nb Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
TRENDS OF THE TABLEElements as Stabilized Ions
■ Metal (CATION)■ Semi-Metal■ Non-Metal (ANION)
■ Metal (CATION)■ Semi-Metal■ Non-Metal (ANION)
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-1 0
+1 +2 +3 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
+1 +2 +3 ±4 -3 -2 -1 0
+1 +2 +2 +2 +2 +1 +2 +2 +2 +2 +1 +2 +3 ±4 -3 -2 -1 0
+1 +2 +2 +2 +1 +1 +2 +1 +1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +3 -2 -1 0
+1 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +1 +1 +2 +3 +4 +3 +2 -1 0
+2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2
+2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2
TRENDS OF THE TABLEElements as Stabilized Ions
■ Metal (CATION)■ Semi-Metal■ Non-Metal (ANION)
■ Metal (CATION)■ Semi-Metal■ Non-Metal (ANION)
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H-1 He
Li+1 Be+2 B+3 C-4 N-3 O-2 F-1 Ne
Na+1 Mg+2 Al+3 Si±4 P-3 S-2 Cl-1 Ar
K+1 Ca+2 Sc+2 Ti+2 V+2 Cr Mn+2 Fe+2 Co+2 Ni+2 Cu Zn+2 Ga+3 Ge+4 As-3 Se-2 Br-1 Kr
Rb+1 Sr+2 Y+2 Zr+2 Nb+1 Mo+1 Tc+2 Ru+1 Rh+1 Pd Ag+1 Cd+2 In+3 Sn+4 Sb+5 Te-2 I-1 Xe
Cs+1 Ba+2 La+2 Hf+2 Ta+2 W+2 Re+2 Os+2 Ir+2 Pt+1 Au+1 Hg+2 Tl+3 Pb+4 Bi+3 Po+2 At-1 Rn
Ce+2 Pr+2 Nb+2 Pm+2 Sm+2 Eu+2 Gd+2 Tb+2 Dy+2 Ho+2 Er+2 Tm+2 Yb+2 Lu+2
Th+2 Pa+2 U+2 Np+2 Pu+2 Am+2 Cm+2 Bk+2 Cf+2 Es+2 Fm+2 Md+2 No+2 Lr+2
TRENDS OF THE TABLEElements as Stabilized Ions
■ Metal (CATION)■ Semi-Metal■ Non-Metal (ANION)
■ Metal (CATION)■ Semi-Metal■ Non-Metal (ANION)
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+1 +2 +3 ±4 -3 -2 -1 0
PERIODIC TRENDS
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LESSON SUMMARYLESSON SUMMARY
Identify the Idea.Identify the Idea.The concept we learned in chemistry today The concept we learned in chemistry today was __________, which is…was __________, which is…
Give a example of the idea.Give a example of the idea.For instance, _____ is a good example of For instance, _____ is a good example of conceptconcept is is exampleexample because… because…
Explain additional details of your example.Explain additional details of your example.Furthermore, Furthermore, exampleexample shows shows details details because it demonstrates…because it demonstrates…