copyright 2011 creativechemistrylessons.comcreativechemistrylessons.com what is an ion and how do...
TRANSCRIPT
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
What is an What is an IONIONand how do youand how do you
make one?make one?An An atomatom with a with a positivepositive oror negative negative charge charge due due
to anto an unbalance unbalance ofof protons protons andand electronselectrons..
SimulatorSimulator
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Which Which elementselements
are these?are these?
What do they What do they have in have in
common?common?
18221822
36483648
NEON
HELIUM
ARGON
KRYPTON
Nobles Video
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NOBLE GASES HAVE FULL OUTER LEVELS NOBLE GASES HAVE FULL OUTER LEVELS OF ELECTRONS (VALENCE ELECTRONS)!OF ELECTRONS (VALENCE ELECTRONS)!
18221822
36483648
HELIUM
NEON ARGON
KRYPTONTHE
NOBLE GASES
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
What word comesWhat word comesto mind when youto mind when youwatch this video?watch this video?
Play ‘Leave Brittney Alone’ Video
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Definition: Not fixed or firm, Definition: Not fixed or firm, inconsistent, irregular or waveringinconsistent, irregular or wavering
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UNSTABLE!UNSTABLE!_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
The elements are very UNSTABLE creatures!
For the elements, STABILITY is happiness.
This happens when they obtain a
FULL OUTER LEVELof electrons!
VALENCE ELECTRONS
For the elements, STABILITY is happiness.
This happens when they obtain a
FULL OUTER LEVELof electrons!
VALENCE ELECTRONS
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ESSENTIAL QUESTIONESSENTIAL QUESTION
• Can you explain why most Can you explain why most elements are unstable and elements are unstable and what they do in order to get what they do in order to get stable, giving examples?stable, giving examples?
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
The Noble Gases
The Noble Gases
HeHeNeNe
ArArKrKr
XeXeRnRn
PLAY PROMO CLIP
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comThe Noble GasesThe Noble Gases
HeHe NeNe ArAr KrKr XeXe RnRn
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comThe Noble GasesThe Noble Gases
HeHeNeNe ArAr KrKr XeXe RnRn
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.comThe Noble GasesThe Noble Gases
HeHe NeNe ArArKrKr XeXe
RnRn
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
The Noble Gases
HELIUM NEON
KRYPTONXENONARGON
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They all want to be like the NOBLE GASES!
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THE ELEMENTS WISHESTHE ELEMENTS WISHES• I WISH I WAS I WISH I WAS STABLESTABLE..
• I WISH I HAD A I WISH I HAD A FULL OUTER FULL OUTER LEVELLEVEL OF ELECTRONS. OF ELECTRONS.
• I WISH I WAS I WISH I WAS LIKE THE NOBLE LIKE THE NOBLE GASESGASES..
OLD I WISH NEW I WISH
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THE ELEMENTS WISHESTHE ELEMENTS WISHES• I WISH I WAS I WISH I WAS STABLESTABLE..
• I WISH I WAS I WISH I WAS FULLFULL..
• I WISH I WAS A I WISH I WAS A GASGAS..
• I WISH I WAS I WISH I WAS NOBLENOBLE..
OLD I WISH NEW I WISH
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IONSIONS• The tendency of the elements to The tendency of the elements to
STABILIZESTABILIZE by obtaining a by obtaining a FULL FULL VALENCEVALENCE of electrons, of electrons,called the called the OCTET RULEOCTET RULE..
• They can do this byThey can do this byGAININGGAINING electrons, which produces electrons, which produces a a NEGATIVE CHARGENEGATIVE CHARGE..
• Or they can Or they can LOSELOSE electrons, which electrons, which produces a produces a POSITIVEPOSITIVE CHARGECHARGE..
Nobles VideoSimulatorSimulator
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ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
IONSIONS
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How will Fluorine stabilize?How will Fluorine stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
9109
10
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Fluorine will stabilize byFluorine will stabilize byGAINING 1 ELECTRON (-1 Charge)GAINING 1 ELECTRON (-1 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
9109
10
-1
NEON
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ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
IONSIONS
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How will Oxygen stabilize?How will Oxygen stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
8888
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Oxygen will stabilize byOxygen will stabilize byGAINING 2 Electrons (-2 Charge)GAINING 2 Electrons (-2 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
8888
-2
NEON
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ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2
IONSIONS
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OOxygen
Atomic #8
Atomic Mass16
8 Protons8 Neutrons8 Electrons
O168
178O
188O
This is how your packet should look so far!This is how your packet should look so far!
O168
178 O 18
8O8P10N
-2
• Pick another isotope if possible.Pick another isotope if possible.• Circle if it gains or loses electrons.Circle if it gains or loses electrons.
• Draw the charge, use yellow for negative.Draw the charge, use yellow for negative.• Use a different color for added electrons.Use a different color for added electrons.
00
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How will Nitrogen stabilize?How will Nitrogen stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
7777
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Nitrogen will stabilize byNitrogen will stabilize byGAINING 3 Electrons (-3 Charge)GAINING 3 Electrons (-3 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
7777
-3
NEON
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ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2
NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3
IONSIONS
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How will Carbon stabilize?How will Carbon stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
6666
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Carbon will stabilize byCarbon will stabilize byGAINING 4 Electrons (-4 Charge)GAINING 4 Electrons (-4 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
6666
-4
NEON
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ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2
NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3
CARBON 4 GAIN 4 -4
IONSIONS
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How will Boron stabilize?How will Boron stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
5656
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Boron stabilize byBoron stabilize byLOSING 3 Electrons (+3 Charge)LOSING 3 Electrons (+3 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons +35656
HELIUM
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ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2
NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3
CARBON 4 GAIN 4 -4
BORON 3 LOSE 3 +3
IONSIONS
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
How will Beryllium stabilize?How will Beryllium stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
4545
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Beryllium will stabilize byBeryllium will stabilize byLOSING 2 Electrons (+2 Charge)LOSING 2 Electrons (+2 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
4545
+2
HELIUM
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2
NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3
CARBON 4 GAIN 4 -4
BORON 3 LOSE 3 +3
BERYLLIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2
IONSIONS
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
This is how your packet should look so far!This is how your packet should look so far!
Be
Beryllium
Atomic #4
Atomic Mass9
4 Protons5 Neutrons4 Electrons
Be74
94Be
104Be
Be74Be9
4 Be104 +2
4P6N
00
• Pick another isotope if possible.Pick another isotope if possible.• Circle if it gains or loses electrons.Circle if it gains or loses electrons.
• Draw the charge, use blue for positive.Draw the charge, use blue for positive.• Use an X for lost electrons.Use an X for lost electrons.
XXXX
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
How will Lithium stabilize?How will Lithium stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
3434
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Lithium will stabilize byLithium will stabilize byLOSING 1 Electron (+1 Charge)LOSING 1 Electron (+1 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
3434
+1
HELIUM
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2
NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3
CARBON 4 GAIN 4 -4
BORON 3 LOSE 3 +3
BERYLLIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2
LITHIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1
IONSIONS
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
How will Helium stabilize?How will Helium stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
2424
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
NEITHER!!!NEITHER!!!Helium is already STABLE!Helium is already STABLE!
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
2424
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2
NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3
CARBON 4 GAIN 4 -4
BORON 3 LOSE 3 +3
BERYLLIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2
LITHIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1
HELIUM 2 NONE 0
IONSIONS
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
• Every time you get to a Noble GasEvery time you get to a Noble Gas• Cross out gained or lost and write ‘NONE’Cross out gained or lost and write ‘NONE’• Draw a happy face and label ‘Noble Gas’Draw a happy face and label ‘Noble Gas’
NeNeon
Atomic #10
Atomic Mass20
10 Protons10 Neutrons10 Electrons
Ne1910
2010Ne2210Ne
This is how your packet should look so far!This is how your packet should look so far!
2010Ne
NONE
NOBLE GAS
1910Ne
10P9N
10P10N
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
How will HYDROGEN stabilize?How will HYDROGEN stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
1010
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
How will HYDROGEN stabilize?How will HYDROGEN stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
1010
-1
HELIUM
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2
NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3
CARBON 4 GAIN 4 -4
BORON 3 LOSE 3 +3
BERYLLIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2
LITHIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1
HELIUM 2 NONE 0
HYDROGEN 1 GAIN 1 -1
IONSIONS
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Neon is already STABLE!Neon is already STABLE!
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
18221822
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
NEON 8 NONE 0
FLUORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
OXYGEN 6 GAIN 2 -2
NITROGEN 5 GAIN 3 -3
CARBON 4 GAIN 4 -4
BORON 3 LOSE 3 +3
BERYLLIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2
LITHIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1
HELIUM 2 NONE 0
HYDROGEN 1 GAIN 1 -1
IONSIONS
Nobles VideoChemistry of Bad Breath
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
How will Phosphorus stabilize?How will Phosphorus stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
15161516
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Phosphorus will stabilize byPhosphorus will stabilize byGAINING 3 ELECTRONS (-3 Charge)GAINING 3 ELECTRONS (-3 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
15161516
-3
ARGON
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3
IONSIONS
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Why is Why is GAININGGAINING Electrons Electronsa a NEGATIVE CHARGENEGATIVE CHARGE??
++++++
+++++- - - - - -
- - - - - - - -
+-
+-
+-
+-
-3
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
How will Sodium stabilize?How will Sodium stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
11121112
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Sodium will stabilize bySodium will stabilize byLOSING 1 ELECTRON (+1 Charge)LOSING 1 ELECTRON (+1 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
11121112
+1
NEON
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1
PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3
IONSIONS
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Why is Why is LOSINGLOSING Electrons Electronsa a POSITIVE CHARGEPOSITIVE CHARGE??
++++++
+- - - - - -
-
+-
+-
+-
+- +1
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
How will Chlorine stabilize?How will Chlorine stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
17181718
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Chlorine will stabilize byChlorine will stabilize byGAINING 1 ELECTRON (-1 Charge)GAINING 1 ELECTRON (-1 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
17181718
-1
ARGON
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1
PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3
CHLORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
IONSIONS
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
How will Aluminum stabilize?How will Aluminum stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
13141314
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Aluminum will stabilize byAluminum will stabilize byLOSING 3 ELECTRONS (+3 Charge)LOSING 3 ELECTRONS (+3 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
13141314
+3
NEON
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1
ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3
PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3
CHLORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
IONSIONS
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
How will Magnesium stabilize?How will Magnesium stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
12121212
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Magnesium will stabilize byMagnesium will stabilize byLOSING 2 ELECTRONS (+2 Charge)LOSING 2 ELECTRONS (+2 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
12121212
+2
NEON
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1
MAGNESIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2
ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3
PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3
CHLORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
IONSIONS
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
How will Sulfur stabilize?How will Sulfur stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
16161616
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Sulfur will stabilize bySulfur will stabilize byGAINING 2 ELECTRONS (-2 Charge)GAINING 2 ELECTRONS (-2 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
16161616
-2
ARGON
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1
MAGNESIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2
ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3
PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3
SULFUR 6 GAIN 2 -2
CHLORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
IONSIONS
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
How will Silicon stabilize?How will Silicon stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
14141414
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Silicon will stabilize bySilicon will stabilize byGAINING 4 ELECTRONS (-4 Charge)GAINING 4 ELECTRONS (-4 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
14141414
-4
ARGON
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Silicon will also stabilize bySilicon will also stabilize byLOSING 4 Electrons (+4 Charge)LOSING 4 Electrons (+4 Charge)
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
14141414
+4
NEON
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1
MAGNESIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2
ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3
SILICON 4 BOTH +4 OR -4
PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3
SULFUR 6 GAIN 2 -2
CHLORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
IONSIONS
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
How will Argon stabilize?How will Argon stabilize?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?GAIN or LOSE Electrons?
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
18221822
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
NEITHER!!!NEITHER!!!Argon is already STABLE!Argon is already STABLE!
■ Protons
■ Neutrons
■ Electrons
18221822
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
ELEMENTNAME
VALENCEELECTRONS
GAIN/LOSE ELECTRONS
RESULTINGCHARGE
SODIUM 1 LOSE 1 +1
MAGNESIUM 2 LOSE 2 +2
ALUMINUM 3 LOSE 3 +3
SILICON 4 BOTH +4 OR -4
PHOSPHORUS 5 GAIN 3 -3
SULFUR 6 GAIN 2 -2
CHLORINE 7 GAIN 1 -1
ARGON 8 NONE 0
IONSIONS
________________ electrons, atoms want to
become ____________, filling up their outer
____________.
________________ electrons, _________
electrons makes them _____________, that’s
the pattern of the ______________.
Valence
level
Valence eight
MY TRENDS VIDEO
stable
stable
table
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Can You Figure It Out?Can You Figure It Out?
Which elements are…Which elements are…
• The MetalsThe Metals• The Non-MetalsThe Non-Metals
• Which group is the largest?Which group is the largest?
LOOK ATTHE CHARGES
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
TRENDS OF THE TABLETRENDS OF THE TABLEElements as Stabilized IONSElements as Stabilized IONS
BeBe++
22
HH-1-1 HeHe
LiLi+1+1 BB+3+3 CC-4-4 NN-3-3 OO-2-2 FF-1-1 NeNe
MgMg++
22NaNa+1+1
AlAl++33
SiSi±4±4 PP-3-3 SS-2-2 ClCl-1-1 ArAr
CaCa+2+2KK+1+1 GaGa+3+3
GeGe+4+4
AsAs-3-3 SeSe--
22
BrBr-1-1 KrKr
SrSr++
22
RbRb+1+1
InIn+3+3 SnSn++
44
SbSb++
33
TeTe-2-2 II-1-1 XeXe
BaBa++
22
CsCs++
11
TlTl+3+3 PbPb++
44
BiBi++33
PoPo++
22
AtAt-1-1 RnRn
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
ScSc++
22
TiTi+2+2 VV+2+2 CrCr++
11
MnMn++
22
FeFe++
22
CoCo++
22
NiNi+2+2 CuCu++
11
ZnZn++
22
YY+2+2 ZrZr++
22
NbNb++
11
MoMo+1+1
TcTc+2+2 RuRu++
11
RhRh++
11
PdPd AgAg++
11
CdCd++
22
LaLa++
22
HfHf++
22
TaTa++
22
WW+2+2 ReRe++
22
OsOs++
22
IrIr+2+2 PtPt+1+1 AuAu++
11
HgHg++
22
Transition MetalsTransition Metals
TRENDS OF THE TABLETRENDS OF THE TABLEElements as Stabilized IONSElements as Stabilized IONS
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
H He
B C N O F Ne
Si P S Cl Ar
Ge As Se Br Kr
Sb Te I Xe
Po At Rn
Li Be
Na Mg Al
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi
Ce Pr Nb Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Ce Pr Nb Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
PLAY METALS VIDEO
That’s why we use metals to That’s why we use metals to make electrical cables!make electrical cables!
They love to LOSEtheir electrons!
WHAT IS ELECTRICITY?
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
Li Be B
Na Mg Al Si
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At
Ce Pr Nb Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
H He
C N O F Ne
P S Cl Ar
Se Br Kr
I Xe
Rn
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
La Ce Pr Nb Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
PLAY NON-METALS VIDEOPLAY NON-METALS VIDEO
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
H He
Li Be C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn I Xe
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi At Rn
Ce Pr Nb Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
B
Si
Ge As
Sb Te
Po
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Ce Pr Nb Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
PLAY SEMI-METALS VIDEO
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
The Main GroupsThe Main Groups
• Metals LOSE ElectronsMetals LOSE Electronscalled CATIONScalled CATIONS
• Non-Metals GAIN ElectronsNon-Metals GAIN Electronscalled ANIONScalled ANIONS
• Semi-Metals can do eitherSemi-Metals can do either
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
H He
Li Be B C N O F Ne
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
Ce Pr Nb Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
TRENDS OF THE TABLEElements as Stabilized Ions
■ Metal (CATION)■ Semi-Metal■ Non-Metal (ANION)
■ Metal (CATION)■ Semi-Metal■ Non-Metal (ANION)
-1 0
+1 +2 +3 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
+1 +2 +3 ±4 -3 -2 -1 0
+1 +2 +2 +2 +2 +1 +2 +2 +2 +2 +1 +2 +3 ±4 -3 -2 -1 0
+1 +2 +2 +2 +1 +1 +2 +1 +1 0 +1 +2 +3 +4 +3 -2 -1 0
+1 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +1 +1 +2 +3 +4 +3 +2 -1 0
+2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2
+2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2 +2
TRENDS OF THE TABLEElements as Stabilized Ions
■ Metal (CATION)■ Semi-Metal■ Non-Metal (ANION)
■ Metal (CATION)■ Semi-Metal■ Non-Metal (ANION)
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H-1 He
Li+1 Be+2 B+3 C-4 N-3 O-2 F-1 Ne
Na+1 Mg+2 Al+3 Si±4 P-3 S-2 Cl-1 Ar
K+1 Ca+2 Sc+2 Ti+2 V+2 Cr Mn+2 Fe+2 Co+2 Ni+2 Cu Zn+2 Ga+3 Ge+4 As-3 Se-2 Br-1 Kr
Rb+1 Sr+2 Y+2 Zr+2 Nb+1 Mo+1 Tc+2 Ru+1 Rh+1 Pd Ag+1 Cd+2 In+3 Sn+4 Sb+5 Te-2 I-1 Xe
Cs+1 Ba+2 La+2 Hf+2 Ta+2 W+2 Re+2 Os+2 Ir+2 Pt+1 Au+1 Hg+2 Tl+3 Pb+4 Bi+3 Po+2 At-1 Rn
Ce+2 Pr+2 Nb+2 Pm+2 Sm+2 Eu+2 Gd+2 Tb+2 Dy+2 Ho+2 Er+2 Tm+2 Yb+2 Lu+2
Th+2 Pa+2 U+2 Np+2 Pu+2 Am+2 Cm+2 Bk+2 Cf+2 Es+2 Fm+2 Md+2 No+2 Lr+2
TRENDS OF THE TABLEElements as Stabilized Ions
■ Metal (CATION)■ Semi-Metal■ Non-Metal (ANION)
■ Metal (CATION)■ Semi-Metal■ Non-Metal (ANION)
Copyright 2011 CreativeChemistryLessons.com
+1 +2 +3 ±4 -3 -2 -1 0
PERIODIC TRENDS
LESSON SUMMARYLESSON SUMMARY
Identify the Idea.Identify the Idea.The concept we learned in chemistry today The concept we learned in chemistry today was __________, which is…was __________, which is…
Give a example of the idea.Give a example of the idea.For instance, _____ is a good example of For instance, _____ is a good example of conceptconcept is is exampleexample because… because…
Explain additional details of your example.Explain additional details of your example.Furthermore, Furthermore, exampleexample shows shows details details because it demonstrates…because it demonstrates…