CONCEPT OF FIVE PILLARS
FOR MODERNIZATION OF IRRIGATION
IN INDONESIA
First Regional Irrigation Management Modernization Meeting
Bangkok, November 15th – 16th 2012
THE MINISTRY OF PUBLIC WORKS REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
By :
Imam Agus Nugroho, Widiarto, Sukrasno, Sigit Supadmo Arif,
T Sri Widharti, Dedi Kusnadi
NEW IRRIGATION POLICIES
Five pillars of
irrigation
• Water availability
• Infrastructure
• Irrigation
management
• Institutions
• Human recourses
+
• Legal aspect
• Financing system
• Increasing
populations
• Environments
degradation
• Climate
chance etc
• Agriculture
• Decentralization
• Water resources
• Environments
• Agrarian
• etc
Five Irrigation
Policies
Five pillars of
irrigation
• Water availability
• Infrastructure
• Irrigation
management
• Institutions
• Human recourses
+
legal aspect
Financing system
FOOD POLICES
• POLICIES
QUESTION
• SCENARIO
• POLICIES
ANALYSIS
• POLICIES
CHOICES
SWOT AND ROAD MAP
Services Basis
Five Policies
Targets
EXISTING CONDITION ENVIRONMENTAL
CHANGES
PARADIGM, VISION,
MISSION,
GOVERNMENT
POLICIES 2015-2025
OTHER
POLICIES
NEW IRRIGATION
POLICIES
BACKGROUND
Environmental changes
- Increasing population
- Limited water availability
- Increasing competition among user
- Decreasing watershed performances
- Some irrigation systems passed their technical lifetime
- Lack of irrigation management service
- Decreasing on function and condition of irrigation system performances
- Food necessity increase
- Necessity of
effective, efficient, and sustainability of irrigation management increase
Modernization
of irrigation
DEFINITION
ICID
• The process of improving an existing project to meet new project criteria. It includes changes to the existing facilities operational procedures, management, and institutional aspects. These changes are designed to enhance the economic and social benefits of the project. Unlike rehabilitation, modernization is not renovation of the project features in need of repair.
FAO
• Modernization irrigation are combined strategy of institutional, managerial and technological change with the objective to change from a supply to service oriented mode of operation. (Hans W. Wolter, 1997)
INDONESIA
With the objective to attain food security and farmers’
prosperity, the modernization of irrigation in Indonesia is
define as process of improving an existing irrigation
system to meet better participatory irrigation
management services, to be more efficient, effective
and sustainable management through developing
reliability of five pillars i.e. Better water availability, good
infrastructures, improving irrigation management,
institutional strengthening as well as empowerment of
human resources
DEFINITION
THE BENEFIT OF
MODERNIZATION OF IRRIGATION
No Benefit aspect Government Farmers
1 Politics Providing political guarantee of
irrigation water use right to
farmers in justice water
resources management
framework
Having political guarantee of
irrigation water use right from
the government in justice water
resources management
framework
2 Social Realization of irrigation
bureaucracy institution that
aware to farmer need as result of
bureaucracy reforms
Realization of social capital
among government and farmers
in better irrigation management
3 Financial and
Economical
• Realization of irrigation
financial management
institution to meet better
transactional services that
provide mutual benefit among
farmers and the governments
• Getting multiplayer effect in
rural economic development
• Realization of better habit
and attitude of farmers to pay
irrigation service fee in
irrigation management
• Increasing rural economic
activities
PREMISE
• As stated in the government regulation no 20/2006 about
irrigation, the implementation of irrigation development and
management should be done based on five pillars, i.e. Better
water availability, development of good infrastructures,
improving irrigation management, institutional strengthening
as well as empowerment of human resources;
• In fact, the implementation of five pillars in irrigation needs
ABCDE-F process;
• The modernization of irrigation in Indonesia is done based
on application of 5 pillars concept to be harmonized with the
ABCDE-F theory.
• Financial policy
• System Information
and communication
Technology
VISION : Realization of irrigation participatory system
to attain food security and farmer’s prosperity
MISSION : (i) Development of irrigation system
(ii) Improvement of irrigation management
Increasing
Water
availability
Better irrigation
infrastructure
Improving
irrigation
management
Institutional
strengthening
Empowerment
of human
resources
Fra
mew
ork
AB
CD
E-F
Enabler
environment basis, Participatory, Conjunctive Use, Harmonization of downstream-
upstream management , improving farm-level management
Fra
mew
ork
AB
CD
E-F
Five pillars of the modernization of irrigation in Indonesia
• Law 7/2004 : water recourses
• Law 7/2006 : food
• Law 41/2009 : land conversion
• GR 20/2006 : Irrigation
• PW Minister Rules 30, 31,32,33
, 2007
• Local Law on Irrigation
• DG Water Recourses
• DG of Land and Water, Ministry of
Agriculture
• Irrigation Service Province & Regency
• Irrigation Commission
• WUA’S
• Knowledge and technology
PILLAR I :
RELIABILITY of IRRIGATION WATER
NO SUBSTANCE OF
MODERNIZATION
PHASE
ACCOUNTING BARGAINING CODIFICATION DELEGATION ENGINEERING FEEDBACK
1 Water use right Political right Bargaining process
among stakeholders
Setting up
Government rule on
water right
Implementation of
Government rule
on water right
Information and
communication
Technology , ICT
Participatory
level
2 Water Supply and
Water Saving
Water balance
study
Agreement among
stakeholder
Adjustment with
stated pattern of
water management in
the basin level
Basin manager ICT
3 Water availability
Study on
calculation of water
consumption for
both irrigation and
non irrigation
sector
Agreement among
stakeholder
In the meeting of
basin water
management
coordination team
based on water right
rule
Rule of chairman of
basin water
management
coordination team
Basin manager Setting up water
allocation model
Monitoring
and
evaluation
4 Watershed
sustainability
Study on
calculation of
watershed capacity
to support water
supply
Agreement between
stakeholder and asset
owner in the
watershed
Some rules on
watershed
sustainability ,
agrarian, space
planning
Water resources
council as
coordinator
Watershed
manager as
implementer
Watershed Asset
Management
Consistency
between space
planning and land
use
Monitoring
and
evaluation
PILLAR II :
INFRASTRUCTURE
NO SUBSTANCE OF
MODERNIZATION
PHASE
ACCOUNTING BARGAINING CODIFICATION DELEGATION ENGINEERING FEEDBACK
1. Weir/Reservoir/Dam/ long
storage
Identification ,
condition, function,
potential
Bargaining
process dialogue:
Study, FS
Government
policy on water
storage
development
Basin manager DED and
construction
Monitoring
and
evaluation
2 Head work/weir
Identification ,
condition, function
Bargaining
process dialogue :
Study, FS
Agreement to
develop and
construct of
infrastructure
Basin manager Rehabilitation
and upgrading
Monitoring
and
evaluation
3 Irrigation and drainage
channel and structure
Identification ,
condition, function,
losses, slope
stability, channel
lengh, water quality
Bargaining in role
and risk sharing
among
stakeholder
Agreement to
develop and
construct of
infrastructure
Basin manager
Ministry of
Agriculture
WUAS
Rehabilitation
and upgrading
Monitoring
and
evaluation
4 Water measurement
devices
Identification ,
condition , function,
tipe, location
accumulative
structure
Bargaining
process in
selection and
development of
discharge
measurement
devices
Revision on
irrigation design
manual
Directorate of
irrigation and
Low Land, the
ministry of public
work
Developing of
metering
devices and
calibration.
Monitoring
and
evaluation
PILLAR III:
IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT
NO SUBSTANCE OF
MODERNIZATION
PHASE
ACCOUNTING BARGAINING CODIFICATION DELEGATION ENGINEERING FEEDBACK
1 Water Requirement Type of crops,
Evapotranspiration,
Percolation, Infiltration ,
Effective Rainfall
Transaction between
irrigation management
provider and user
about plan/planting
pattern and LoS
Global crop
planting plan,
Detail crop planting
plan, planting
calendar (Regency
decision)
WUA’S,
Extension
worker,
Irrigation
manager
Crop water req.
Model,
SIM of water
resources
management
(ICT on WRM)
Monitoring and
evaluation
2 Water Allocation,
distribution
And Periodic
Assessment
Calculation of water
allocation based on
climate and kind of crop
with 1-3 days scheduling
assessment
Transaction between
irrigation management
provider and user
about plan/planting
pattern and LOS
O&M Manual Modern
Irrigation
Implementer
Unit, MIIU (for
pilot scheme)
Water Allocation,
distribution
Modeling
(ICT of water
resources
management)
Monitoring and
evaluation
3 Water Losses Calculation of efficiency
and losses
Consistence and
continuity
implementation of
O&M
O&M Manual WUA’S
Extension
worker,
Irrigation
manager
Frequencies
observation,
Management
Asset,
Rehabilitation
(ICT on WRM)
Monitoring and
evaluation
4 On farm water
management
Calculation of water
allocation based on
climate and kind of crop
with 1-3 days scheduling
assessment
Transaction of water
used based on crop,
planting time and
irrigation method
O&M Manual
in farm level
WUA’S
Extension
worker,
Irrigation
manager
Crop water req.
Model,
Monitoring and
evaluation
PILLAR IV : INSTITUTIONAL STRENGHTENING
NO SUBSTANCE OF
MODERNIZATION
PHASE
ACCOUNTING BARGAINING CODIFICATION DELEGATION ENGINEERING FEEDBACK
1 MIIU, Irrigation
commission , basin
water management
coordination team
Institutional
performance
Synergy and
commitment of
irrigation
bureaucracy
Government
regulation on
irrigation
institution
DG WR, DG
Land and water,
Governor and
Regent
Structure, order
and function of
organization , load
of work analysis,
ICT
Monitoring
and
evaluation
2 Design & Knowledge
Management Center
Institutional
performance
Commitment to do
knowledge and
experiences sharing
Setting up
learned
organization
DG WR, DG
Land and water,
Governor and
Regent
Setting up
knowledge
management,
ICT
Monitoring
and
evaluation
3 Irrigation and
Agriculture
Empowerment Unit
Institutional
performance and
competence
Commitment to do
empowerment to
WUA’S
Sustainable
Empowerment
process
DG WR, DG
Land and water,
Governor and
Regent
Setting up
sustainability
empowerment unit,
ICT
Monitoring
and
evaluation
4 Irrigation Guard Analysis of
capability to
watch and
inspect
- Commissioning DG WR, DG
Land and water,
Governor and
Regent
Special training on
law enforcement
and investigation
Monitoring
and
evaluation
5 Mobile Maintenance
Unit
Analysis of labor
necessity with
respect to scope
of work
- Commissioning
DG WR, DG
Land and water,
Governor and
Regent
Special training on
chraftsmanship and
workshop
Monitoring
and
evaluation
6 Water User
Association
Analysis of
strengthening
Commitment to
farmer
Strengthening
guideline
DG WR, DG
Land and water,
Governor and
Regent
Strengthening
activity
Monitoring
and
evaluation
PILLAR V :
EMPOWERMENT OF PEOPLE
NO SUBSTANCE OF
MODERNIZATION
PHASE
ACCOUNTING BARGAINING CODIFICATION DELEGATION ENGINEERING FEEDBACK
1 Status, position Importance level
and credit point
- Commissioning
Functional job
Minister of
Bureaucracy
DG WR,
Governor and
Regent
Capacity building
as learned
individual
Monitoring
and
evaluation
2 Training, certification of
competence
Skill level, field
job description
(technical and
managerial)
Training need Commissioning
certificate
competence
Minister of
Bureaucracy
DG WR,
Governor and
Regent
Capacity building
as learned
individual
Monitoring
and
evaluation
3 Recruitment system and
career Planning
(Number and spreading)
Labor necessity
analysis
Political will and
awareness
Recruitment and
Commissioning
Minister of
Bureaucracy
DG WR,
Governor and
Regent
Recruitment
system based on
competence and
necessity
Monitoring
and
evaluation
4 Incentive system
Performance
analysis
Political will and
awareness
Appreciation
Letter
Minister of
Bureaucracy
DG WR,
Governor and
Regent
Calculation of
water productivity
Monitoring
and
evaluation
5 STEPS TO PROCEED
STEP 1
• Applying Modernization of Irrigation Readiness Index by Rapid Apprisal, Applying irrigation asset management to determine LoS, Selection of Priority irrigation scheme to be modernized
STEP 2
• Public consultation synchronizing program between government and farmers aspiration
STEP 3
• Setting up agreement among stakeholders role and risk sharing
STEP 4
• Setting up system planning of the modernization of irrigation in the pilot scheme
STEP 5
• Lesson learned from the pilot scheme to be implemented in the selected irrigation scheme
Technology
Institution and human resources
Financing system
Strategy
Mindset changing
Environments
THE THREE IMPLEMENTATION DOMAINS OF
THE MODERNIZATION OF IRRIGATION IN INDONESIA
Mindset changing
Mindset changing
Environments
STRATEGY
1 • Selection of the pilot scheme with criteria : central
government authority and served by dam
2 • Pilot scheme use one scheme as whole
3
• Learning process from the pilot scheme
• Bargaining between irrigation manager and policy maker
4
• Setting up government policy on modernization of irrigation
• Commissioning