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COLPRO 2005COLPRO 2005
Coatings for Expedient Coatings for Expedient Collective ProtectionCollective Protection
23 June 200523 June 2005
Michael V. HenleyMichael V. HenleyAirbase Technologies Division,Airbase Technologies Division,Materials & Manufacturing DirectorateMaterials & Manufacturing DirectorateCarrie A. Delcomyn andCarrie A. Delcomyn andH. Scott H. Scott MacleanMacleanApplied Research AssociatesApplied Research AssociatesTyndall AFB, FloridaTyndall AFB, Florida
APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE
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Overview
• The problem and our approach• Shelter “proof-of-concept” study• Results• Current and future studies• Benefits to the warfighter
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The Problem in Need of a Solution
M28 ColPro Components Security provided outside medical examination room in Afghanistan
Current ColPro systems are good, but…How do we provide ColPro in situations like the one shown above?
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Project Objective
Objective:Provide a means of expeditionary collective protection where no pre-existing ColPro capability exists
Approach:Evaluate performance of non-toxic coatings for simple and effective application to interior of any structure for the purpose of facilitating a positive pressure barrier against CB intrusion
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First Question – Is it feasible?
Technical Approach for Proof-of-Concept• Conduct Preliminary Search for Coatings
• Evaluate potential coatings• COTS• Encapsulating or protective• Strippable preferred
• Down select two for shelter study http://www.generalchem.com/peelable_coatings.asp
• Perform Shelter Study• Evaluate application
• Difficulty• Coverage efficiency• Dry time
• Determine leakage rate • Uncoated (baseline)• Coated
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Commercial Coatings
Coating CCoating BCoating A
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Shelter “Proof-of-Concept” Study
Dimensions: 8’ x 8’ x 8’ Wood Paneling(w/ insulation)
Ceiling Tiles
Screws (no grid / framing)
Unfinished interior
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Baseline Leakage Rate: Uncoated Shelter
• Minneapolis Blower DoorTM
& Tectite v.3.1 software
• Positive pressures applied to measure leak rate at 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, & 0.6 iwg (triplicate measurements)
• Recommended over-pressurization of ColPro shelter: 0.3 - 0.5 iwg
• Weather station to monitor barometric pressure, temperature, & humidity
• Corrects for wind speed by sampling 100 data points @ each pressure
• Data corrected to standard conditions (scfm): 68oF, 29.92 in Hg, 50% relative humidity
Average Temperature: 94oFAverage Humidity: 55%
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Coating Application via Paint Sprayer
Wagner Paint Sprayer
Plastic & duct tape over light fixture
and window
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Leakage Rate:Uncoated vs. Coated Shelter
Leakage rate (scfm) at 0.5 iwg:
Baseline Coated706.6 219.1
Resulted in 69% reduction of leakage
Coating A
Baseline
Coated
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Cracks & Gaps
Apparent gaps remaining…
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Summary of Results:Coating A and Coating A w/ Cracks Taped
Coating A
6.6% additional improvement
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Pressurization Test
Surrogate Door
M28 Blower Kit
• Fabricated door using plastic• M28 blower used for extended supply• Purge holes cut to achieve stable
pressure at 0.5 iwg • Pressurized for 19 hours
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Summary of Results:Integrity of Interior Structure
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Contribution of Paneling and Window
Coated plastic
Contribution of window?
Leakagethrough
paneling?
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Leakage Rate:Coated vs. Coated w/ Window Uncovered
Coating A Coating A
Coated
Window uncovered~75 scfm or 11% of baseline leak rate attributed to window
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Overall Performance Results
• Coating interior of shelter achieved a 69% reduction in leakage
• Taping large gaps after application of coating achieved 76% reduction in leakage
• Window covered with plastic, duct tape and coating contributed 11% to the measurements
• Insignificant pressure loss observed through uncoated paneling
• Proof-of-concept demonstrated feasibility of using coatings as expedient ColPro barriers
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Penetration and Permeation
Penetration• Occurs through pores and unsealed cracks and openings• Compounded by pressure gradients
• Wind can overcome positive interior pressure• Shock from an explosion can cause air to infiltrate
• Current guidance is to maintain overpressure at 0.02-0.3 iwg
Permeation• Occurs through molecular diffusion across a polymer
barrier (concentration gradient)• Pressure does not prevent transport through the barrier
material• Can be controlled through various mechanisms
• Additives - impervious or sorptive• Reactive
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Ongoing Studies
• Comprehensive bench-scale evaluation of numerous coatings
• Permeability studies with CW simulants
Carbicote 945Half-Mustard Vapor Breakthrough
0
5
10
15
20
25
-10 490 990 1490Exposure Time (min)
Rela
tive
Resp
onse
3.5 hr
5.3 hr
21 hr
Carbicote 945Half-Mustard Vapor Breakthrough
0
5
10
15
20
25
-10 490 990 1490Exposure Time (min)
Rela
tive
Resp
onse
3.5 hr
5.3 hr
21 hr
Breakthrough of half mustard vapor through a 7 mil dft film
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Pressurization Test
-0.50.00.51.01.52.02.5
0 50 100 150 200Time (min)
∆P
(iwg)
ALARA 1146
Carbicote 945Uncoated coupon
Stripcoat TLC
Pressurization Test
-0.50.00.51.01.52.02.5
0 50 100 150 200Time (min)
∆P
(iwg)
ALARA 1146
Carbicote 945Uncoated coupon
Stripcoat TLC
Coating A
Coating B
Coating C
Coating A Coating C
Split wood panel coupons sealed with coatings for leakage studies
Pressurization data at 22°C of uncoated versus coated split wood panel coupons
Penetration Studies
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• Determine applicability with tentage (TEMPER)• Define desired coating characteristics and
performance criteria• Perform agent permeation and compatibility studies• Evaluate performance of expediently coated shelter
system against vapor and environmental challenges
Future Efforts
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• Capability to setup ColPro virtually within any structure• Compatible with existing ColPro filtration/airlock systems• Temporary (removable coatings) or permanent concepts• Quick, easy and familiar application techniques• Uses non-hazardous materials• Minimal logistics burden• Facilitates rapid restoration of operations
Benefits to Warfighter
• Potential to reduce size and weight necessary for ColPro• Rapidly increase quantity and availability of expedient
ColPro systems
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Acknowledgements
Tyndall AFB, FloridaAFRL/MLQL:• Bob Nichols, & Sue Broxson, Applied Research Associates, Inc.
Eglin AFB, Florida28th TS/TEH• Scott Matheson & Vic Arca, Sverdrup Technology, Inc.• Terese Anderson, Orion International Technologies• Bill Gillespie, Sentel• Dale Pierce, AWFC 28th TS
DTRA/CBTJoint S&T Office• Tony Ramey & Bruce Nielsen, Protection Capability Area