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Mammals

Section 1: Mammalian Characteristics

Section 2: Diversity of Mammals

Hair and Mammary Glands

Two characteristics that distinguish members of class Mammalia from other vertebrate animals are hair and mammary glands.

Mammalian Characteristics

MammalsSection 1

MammalsSection 1

Functions of Hair

1. Insulation

Mammals

2. Camouflage

3. Sensory devices

4. Waterproofing

5. Signaling

6. Defense


Section 1

Other Characteristics

Endothermy

Mammals

Source of body heat is internal.

Heat is produced by a high metabolic rate.

Body temperature is regulated by internal feedback mechanisms.


Section 1

Feeding and Digestion

Daily intake of food is used to generate heat to maintain a constant body temperature.

Mammals


Section 1

Mammals


Section 1

MammalsSection 1

Trophic Categories

1. Insectivores

Mammals

2. Herbivores

3. Carnivores

4. Omnivores


Section 1

Teeth

Reveal the life habits of a mammal

Mammals

Carnivores use canines to stab and premolars to slice and shear meat.

Incisors of insectivores are long and curved, functioning as pincers in seizing insect prey.


Section 1

Excretion

Kidneys excrete or retain the proper amount of water in body fluids.

Mammals

Enables mammals to live in extreme environments


Section 1

Mammals

Respiration

High levels of oxygen are required to maintain a high level of metabolism.

Mammals

Mammals are the only animals that have a diaphragm.


Section 1

Circulation

Mammals require a consistent supply of nutrients and oxygen to maintain homeostasis.

Mammals

Keeping oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate makes the delivery of nutrients and oxygen more efficient.


Section 1

The Brain and Senses Mammals have highly developed brains.

Mammals

Cerebral cortex is responsible for coordinating conscious activities, memory, and the ability to learn.

Cerebellum is responsible for balance and coordinating movement.


Section 1

Complex Behavior

Senses

Mammals

The importance of the senses varies from one group of mammals to the next.

Glands A system of glands secretes a variety of

fluids that helps to regulate a mammal’s internal environment.


Section 1

Reproduction

In mammals, the egg is fertilized internally.

Mammals

Development of the embryo takes place in the female uterus.

Movement

Mammals must find food, shelter, and escape from predators.


Section 1

Mammal Classification

Monotremes

Diversity of Mammals

Mammals

Marsupials

Placental mammals

Section 2

Mammals

Monotremes

Reproduce by laying eggs

Duck-billed platypus

Echidna


Section 2

Marsupials

Very short period of development in the uterus

Mammals

Crawl into a pouch made of skin and hair and continue development while being nourished by milk from the mother’s mammary glands


Section 2

Placental Mammals

Give birth to young that do not need further development within a pouch

Mammals

Represented by 18 orders


Section 2

Mammals


Section 2

MammalsSection 2

Table 30.2 Order of Placental Mammals

Evolution of Mammals

Mammals


Section 2

Therapsids

A therapsid is an extinct vertebrate with both mammalian and reptilian features.

Mammals

Pair of holes in the roof of the skull that allowed for the attachment of jaw muscles

Limbs positioned beneath their bodies

Might have been endotherms


Section 2

Mammals

Chapter Resource Menu

Chapter Diagnostic Questions

Formative Test Questions

Chapter Assessment Questions

Standardized Test Practice

Glencoe Biology Transparencies

Image Bank

Vocabulary

AnimationClick on a hyperlink to view the corresponding feature.

Chapter

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1. A2. B3. C4. D

CDQ 1

Name the term that refers to a mammal’s ability to produce heat internally.

A. endoderm

B. endothermy

C. ectoderm

D. ectothermy

Mammals


Chapter

1. A2. B3. C4. D

CDQ 2

Mammals


What classification of mammals reproduces by laying eggs?

A. marsupial

B. placental mammal

C. monotreme

D. therapsid

Chapter

1. A2. B3. C4. D

CDQ 3

Mammals


A mammal’s period of gestation refers to what?

A. amount of time the young stays with its herdB. amount of time the young stays in the uterusC. amount of time the young drinks its mother’s

milkD. amount of time for the young to mature enough

to reproduce

Chapter

1. A2. B3. C4. D

FQ 1

Mammals

Which characteristics distinguish mammals from other vertebrates?

A. kidneys and a cloacaB. mammary glands and hairC. a high metabolic rate and limbsD. a four-chambered heart and

endothermy

Section 1 Formative Questions

Chapter

1. A2. B3. C4. D

FQ 2

Mammals

What is the tough, fibrous protein that makes up hair, nails, claws, and hooves?

A. urea

B. keratin

C. cellulose

D. collagen

Chapter


1. A2. B3. C4. D

FQ 3

Mammals

What is the source of body heat for mammals?

A. hibernation

B. insulation

C. metabolism

D. respiration

Chapter


1. A2. B3. C4. D

FQ 4

Mammals

Which part of the brain is more highly developed in mammals than in otheranimals?

A. cerebrum

B. hypothalamus

C. medulla

D. optic lobe

Chapter


1. A2. B3. C4. D

FQ 5

Mammals

What is a group of cells that secretes fluid to be used elsewhere in the body?

A. a bladder

B. a duct

C. a gland

D. an organ

Chapter


1. A2. B3. C4. D

FQ 6

Mammals

Which mammals have reptilian features, such as laying eggs?

A. cetaceans

B. marsupials

C. monotremes

D. sirenians

Chapter


1. A2. B3. C4. D

FQ 7

Mammals

Which mammals use their two pairs of razor-sharp incisor teeth to gnaw through wood, seed pods, or shells to get food?

A. artiodactyls

B. insectivores

C. lagomorphs

D. rodents

Chapter


1. A2. B3. C4. D

FQ 8

Mammals

Which animals are cetaceans?

A. deer and goats

B. moles and shrews

C. dolphins and whales

D. manatees and dugongs

Chapter


1. A2. B3. C4. D

FQ 9

Mammals

Why did mammals undergo extraordinary adaptations to the environment after the disappearance of dinosaurs?

A. They had new niches available to them.B. They were able to survive the ice age.C. They were no longer prey to dinosaurs.D. They no longer competed with dinosaurs.

Chapter


1. A2. B

CAQ 1

Mammals

The graph shows that large animals such as elephants have a high metabolic rate.

A. TrueB. False


Chapter

1. A2. B3. C4. D

CAQ 2

Mammals


Select the mammal that is a member of the order Chiroptera.

A. hedgehog

B. ape

C. anteater

D. bat

Chapter

Compare the digestive tracts of the deer and the fox. Infer why the deer’s digestive tract is so much longer.

Answer: It takes longer and is more difficultto digest plant material than meat.

Mammals


CAQ 3

Chapter

1. A2. B

STP 1

Mammals

Which animal eats the least amount of food as a percentage of its body mass?

A. elephant

B. shrew


Chapter

1. A2. B3. C4. D

STP 2

Mammals


A. Its body loses heat quickly.

B. It has a short digestive tract.

C. It carries out complex behavior.

D. It produces milk for its offspring.

Why is a high metabolic rate necessary for the shrew’s survival?

Chapter

1. A2. B3. C4. D

STP 3

Mammals


How does a herbivore’s digestive tract compare to the digestive tract of this carnivore? An herbivore will have…

A. a shorter digestive tract and a smaller cecum.

B. a shorter digestive tract and a larger cecum.

C. a longer digestive tract and a larger cecum.

D. a longer digestive tract and a smaller cecum.

Chapter

1. A2. B3. C4. D

STP 4

Mammals


How do ruminants benefit from havingbacteria in their stomachs?

A. They can be omnivorous.

B. They can digest meat.

C. They can filter urea.

D. They can process cellulose.

Chapter

1. A2. B3. C4. D

STP 5

Mammals


Which teeth are more highly developed in a mountain lion?

A. canines

B. incisors

C. molars

D. premolars

Chapter

1. A2. B3. C4. D

STP 6

Mammals


What is believed to have caused the isolation of marsupials’ ancestors to Australia and nearby islands?

A. adaptive radiation

B. continental drift

C. habitat destruction

D. reproductive isolation

Chapter

1. A2. B3. C4. D

STP 7

Mammals


What competitive adaptive advantage do placental mammals have over marsupials?

A. a more highly developed digestive systemB. a pair of holes in the roof of the skullC. limbs positioned beneath their bodiesD. more highly evolved social behavior

Chapter

Glencoe Biology Transparencies

MammalsChapter

Image Bank

MammalsChapter

mammary gland

diaphragm

cerebral cortex

cerebellum

gland

uterus

placenta

gestation

Mammals

Vocabulary

Section 1

Section 1

monotreme

marsupial

placental mammal

therapsid

Mammals

Vocabulary

Section 2

Section 2

Mammals

Animation

Visualizing the Digestive Systems of

Mammals

Chapter

MammalsChapter

Download - Click on a lesson name to select. Mammals Section 1: Mammalian Characteristics Section 2: Diversity of Mammals

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