ch. 30-34 chapter 30 mammals section 1: mammalian characteristics section 2: diversity of mammals
TRANSCRIPT
MAMMALS AND THEIR BEHAVIORS
Ch. 30-34
Chapter 30 Mammals
Section 1: Mammalian Characteristics
Section 2: Diversity of Mammals
Mammals
Hair and Mammary Glands: Two characteristics that distinguish members of class Mammalia from other vertebrate animals are hair and mammary glands.
Other Characteristics
Endothermy
Mammals
Source of body heat is internal.
Heat is produced by a high metabolic rate.
Body temperature is regulated by internal feedback mechanisms.
30.1 Mammalian Characteristics
Chapter 30
Digestive System
Feeding and Digestion
Daily intake of food is used to generate heat to maintain a constant body temperature.
MammalsChapter 30
Ingestion Mechanical digestion
Chemical digestion
Involves chewing food to break it down into smaller pieces
The action of enzymes in breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules
The Digestive System
Digestive organs and their jobs!!Liver: filters out harmful substances or wastes,
turning some of the waste into more bile. The liver even helps figure out how many nutrients will go to the rest of the body
Gall bladder: serves as a
warehouse for bile, storing
it until the body needs it.
More organsStomach: a stretchy sack shaped like the letter J. 3
important jobs: to store the food you've eaten to break down the food into a liquid mixture to slowly empty that liquid mixture into the small
intestine
More organsSmall intestine: breaks down the food mixture even
more so your body can absorb all the vitamins, minerals, proteins, carbohydrates, and fats…22 feet long
Large intestine: it's almost the last stop on the digestive tract…5 feet
Spleen: creates lymphocytes for the destruction and recycling of old red-blood cells. Pancreas: makes juices that help the body digest fats and protein.
Respiratory System
The respiratory system sustains cellular respiration by supplying oxygen to body cells and removing carbon dioxide waste from cells.
Breathing is the mechanical movement of air into and out of your lungs.
External respiration is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the blood.
Internal respiration is the exchange of gases between the blood and the body’s cells.
Respiratory organs and their jobs!!Lungs: breathing…Inhale: oxygen enters the blood
in capillaries, traveling on red blood cells to the heart…which delivers O to tissues.
Exhale: your cells have used the oxygen they need, and your blood is carrying carbon dioxide outside.
Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems
Mammals require a consistent supply of nutrients and oxygen to maintain homeostasis.
Keeping oxygenated and deoxygenated blood separate makes the delivery of nutrients and oxygen more efficient.
Circulatory System
34.1 Circulatory System
Functions of the Circulatory System
Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory Systems
Transports oxygen and nutrients
Carries disease-fighting materials produced by the immune system
Contains cell fragments and proteins for blood clotting
Distributes heat throughout the body to help regulate body temperature
Circulatory, Respiratory, and Excretory SystemsChapter 34
Mammals have highly developed brains.
1. Cerebrum (Cerebral cortex) is responsible for coordinating conscious activities, memory, and the ability to learn.
2. Cerebellum is responsible for balance and coordinating movement.
3-4. Brain stem and spinal cord are the relay stations for stimuli and impulses
Nervous System
Describe the following parts of the peripheral nervous system while stubbing your toe. (sensory or motor axon, sensory or motor dendrite, and cell body)
Think about sensory meaning sensing things, and motor moving things
Peripheral System…Draw and explain Motor
Sensory
Axon
Dendrite
Cell Body
The small gap between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of another neuron is called a synapse.
An action potential is carried across these gaps by neurotransmitters.
How does the impulse work? The Synapse33.1 Structure of the Nervous System
Homeostasis Homeostasis is the bodies ability to maintain an
internal balance and equilibrium.
Homeostatic Examples Body Temperature Breathing Pulse Rate
What are the three groups of mammals, give a unique characteristic and an example of each.
Mammals
Monotremes
Reproduce by laying eggs
Duck-billed platypus
EchidnaEchidna
30.2 Diversity of Mammals
Chapter 30
Marsupials
Very short period of development in the uterus
Mammals
Crawl into a pouch made of skin and hair and continue development while being nourished by milk from the mother’s mammary glands
Kangaroo
30.2 Diversity of Mammals
Chapter 30
Placental Mammals
Give birth to young that do not need further development within a pouch
Mammals
Represented by 18 orders
Shrew
Humpback whale
30.2 Diversity of Mammals
Chapter 30
Mammals
30.2 Diversity of Mammals
Chapter 30
Chapter 31 Animal Behavior
Section 1: Basic Behaviors
Section 2: Ecological Behaviors
Behavior
Behavior can occur in response to an internal or external stimulus.
31.1 Basic Behaviors
Animal BehaviorChapter 31
What influences behavior?
Behavior results from the interaction of genetically based behaviors and behaviors based on experience.
Innate vs Learned Behavior
What triggers a response to a stimulus?The answer usually is found by studying the internal
biology of an animal. What advantage does the behavior provide?
The answers are tied to the evolution of behavior through natural selection.
Innate Behavior
Behaviors are referred to as innate when the same behavior commonly is observed among a large number of individuals within a population, even if the environments are different.
Mealworm Behavior
Animal Behavior
31.1 Basic Behaviors
Mealworm Behavior
Chapter 31
Fixed Action Patterns
A stimulus triggers an innate response that the animal does not control and is not directly influenced by environmental conditions or past experiences.
Learned BehaviorLearned behaviors
result from an interaction between innate behaviors and past experiences within a particular environment.
Animal Behavior
31.1 Basic Behaviors
Chapter 31
Classical conditioning occurs when an association is made between two different kinds of stimuli.
Operant Conditioning
In operant conditioning, an animal learns to associate its response to a stimulus with a reward or a punishment.
Animal Behavior
For example, when a bird eats a butterfly that tastes bad, it associates the color of the butterfly with the taste and avoids all butterflies of that color.
31.1 Basic Behaviors
Visualizing Types of Behavior
Chapter 31
Imprinting Some animals form a social attachment to the first object
they see after birth. Other animals imprint on the chemical composition of the
water in which they are hatched.
Cognitive Behavior
Thinking, reasoning, and processing information to understand complex concepts and solve problems are cognitive behaviors.
Animal Behavior
Humans exhibit cognitive behaviors when they solve problems, make decisions, and plan for the future.
31.1 Basic Behaviors
Chapter 31
Competitive Behaviors
Competition for food, space, mates, and other resources occurs between individuals within a population.
Animal Behavior
Competitive behaviors allow individuals to establish dominance or control of an area or resource.
31.2 Ecological Behaviors
Chapter 31
Migratory Behaviors
Animals that engage in migratory behaviors increase their chances of survival by searching out new food sources.
Animal Behavior
31.2 Ecological Behaviors
Chapter 31
Biological Rhythms
Many animals have an internal clock that maintains the daily rhythm of the sleep/wake cycle.
A circadian rhythm is a cycle, such as sleepingand waking, that occur daily.