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City-States to Empire…
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City
• City States- walled cities
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City Center-Ziggurat
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• POLYtheisim- worship of many Gods
• Theocracy- govenrment controlled by religious leaders
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Epic of Gilgamesh- World’s Oldest Story
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EMPIRE
• Large territory where several groups of people are ruled by a single powerful leader or government
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King Sargon-established 1st empire- AKKAD
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•Strong King, skilled general
•Defeated the king of Uruk and then controlled all of Mesoptamia
•Akkad ruled Sumer- but they still maintained irrigation systems and cuneiform
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• Stele: stone slab on which a picture is carved
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Victory Stele- created to celebrate military victory of Sargon’s grandson
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Hammurabi- King of Babylon
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Code of Hammurabi
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Ashurbanipal- King of Assyria
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•North of Babylon
•Fierce warriors- advanced weapons and military equipment
•Used horses and iron weapons in battle
•“Siege Machine”
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Chaldea/ Babylonia
• King Nebuchadnezzar expanded empire
• Built inner and outer walls around the city of Babylon with moats and guard towers
• Fierce warriors, cruel to defeated peoples
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Hanging Gardens of Babylon
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Persian Empire
• Land we now call Iran (east of the Zagros Mountains)
• Expanded to include all of Mesopotamia, Anatolia (modern-day Turkey), Cannaan (Israel), Egypt, India and parts of Europe
• Cyrus was the 1st leader, then Alexander the Great