The RenaissanceThe RenaissanceItalian City StatesItalian City States

22

33

Constantinople was conquered by Constantinople was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1453.the Ottoman Empire in 1453.

States grew because of loyalty to States grew because of loyalty to individual lords and the power individual lords and the power achieved through trade.achieved through trade.

People had no allegiance to a single People had no allegiance to a single ruler.ruler.

44

Rise of the Italian City-Rise of the Italian City-StatesStates

Control by wealthy families:Control by wealthy families:

– FlorenceFlorence the Medici (on and off)the Medici (on and off)– Ferrara Ferrara the Estethe Este– MantuaMantua the Gonzagathe Gonzaga– MilanMilan the Sforza and the the Sforza and the

ViscontiVisconti– RiminiRimini the Malatestathe Malatesta– Venice Venice wealthy families elected Dogeswealthy families elected Doges– Valencia the BorgiasValencia the Borgias

55

The Borgia family were enemies of the The Borgia family were enemies of the Medicis and the Sforzas.Medicis and the Sforzas.

Marriages were regularly used as trades Marriages were regularly used as trades for power and allegiance.for power and allegiance.

Pope Alexander VI (Rodrigo Borgia) was Pope Alexander VI (Rodrigo Borgia) was pope from 1492-1503.pope from 1492-1503.

-Accused of crimes like adultery, -Accused of crimes like adultery, simony, theft, and bribery. (IMPORTANT)simony, theft, and bribery. (IMPORTANT)

-Had his daughter marry a Sforza -Had his daughter marry a Sforza son.son.

66

Firenze and the MediciFirenze and the Medici

Panorama of Firenze

77

The Gonzaga family in The Gonzaga family in MantuaMantua

La Piazza: Mantova

88

The Sforza family in MilanThe Sforza family in Milan

Castello Sforzesco

99

Wealthy families of Venice elected the Wealthy families of Venice elected the DogeDoge

The Doge’s Palace

1010

Europe: 1378Europe: 1378

1111

The Renaissance: 1400-The Renaissance: 1400-16001600

Rebirth of all the arts and culture begins Rebirth of all the arts and culture begins in the City-States of Italyin the City-States of Italy

Wealthy bankers and merchants support Wealthy bankers and merchants support artists, architects, intellectuals, etc.artists, architects, intellectuals, etc.

Italian ideals set enduring standards for Italian ideals set enduring standards for art in the Western world, influenced art in the Western world, influenced writers & architects, and writers & architects, and

encouraged encouraged intellectual pursuitsintellectual pursuits

1212

Renaissance CitiesRenaissance Cities

1313

The end of the RenaissanceThe end of the Renaissance

Political stress:Political stress:– France and Spain’s rivalry over ItalyFrance and Spain’s rivalry over Italy– City-states passed among various City-states passed among various

European rulers through war, marriage, European rulers through war, marriage, treaty, deathtreaty, death

– The Papacy held on to the Papal StatesThe Papacy held on to the Papal States– Spain the chief power in Italy: 1559-1713Spain the chief power in Italy: 1559-1713– House of Savoy rules Piedmont & SardiniaHouse of Savoy rules Piedmont & Sardinia

1414

Italy: 1494Italy: 1494

Rivalry of Spain and France over territories in Italy

By 1544: Spain ruled Sicily, Naples & Milan

1515Europe: 1500

1616

1600-18151600-1815

Italy remains Italy remains split into a dozen split into a dozen separate states separate states while European while European nations are nations are formingforming

The feudal The feudal system lingers system lingers on in the south on in the south

Europe 1648

1717

Napoleon conquers Italy in the 1790’sNapoleon conquers Italy in the 1790’s

After his defeat in After his defeat in 1815, most Italian 1815, most Italian states go back to their states go back to their former rulers:former rulers:

Lombardy-Venetia to Lombardy-Venetia to AustriaAustria

Naples and Sicily to SpainNaples and Sicily to Spain

1818

Napoleonic expansion

1919

1815: Italy after Napoleon

2020

The RisorgimentoThe Risorgimento

Hatred of foreign rule increasesHatred of foreign rule increases

Liberation movement begun by Liberation movement begun by Giuseppe Mazzini in Piedmont Giuseppe Mazzini in Piedmont with the support of Charles with the support of Charles Albert, king of Sardinia-Albert, king of Sardinia-Piedmont (House of Savoy)Piedmont (House of Savoy)

Scattered revolts in 1848 were Scattered revolts in 1848 were unsuccessfulunsuccessful Giuseppe Mazzini

2121

Expansion beginsExpansion begins

Under King Victor Under King Victor Emanuel I, son of Emanuel I, son of Charles Albert, Charles Albert, Count Camillo Count Camillo Cavour, the prime Cavour, the prime minister, made a minister, made a treaty with France treaty with France against Austria.against Austria.

Count Camillo Cavour

2222

1859: Austria defeated1859: Austria defeated

Italy Italy gained gained Lombardy, Lombardy, but Austria but Austria kept kept VenetiaVenetia

2323

Expansion continuesExpansion continues

1859: Plebiscites held in Tuscany, 1859: Plebiscites held in Tuscany, Modena, Parma and Emilia. They Modena, Parma and Emilia. They voted to join Sardinia-Piedmont.voted to join Sardinia-Piedmont.

Napoleon III consented, but only after Napoleon III consented, but only after Nice and Savoy voted to join France.Nice and Savoy voted to join France.

2424

General Garibaldi General Garibaldi drives out the drives out the Bourbons from Bourbons from Sicily and NaplesSicily and Naples

General Giuseppe Garibaldi

2525

Unification of ItalyUnification of Italy

1861: Victor 1861: Victor Emanuel II Emanuel II crowned crowned King of ItalyKing of Italy

1866: 1866: Venetia Venetia regained regained from Austriafrom Austria

2626

1870: Papal States captured1870: Papal States captured

The French army was assigned to The French army was assigned to protect the Papal States, but was protect the Papal States, but was called to join the fighting in the called to join the fighting in the Prussian War.Prussian War.

The Italian army took the opportunity The Italian army took the opportunity to capture the Papal States, thus to capture the Papal States, thus adding central Italy to the union.adding central Italy to the union.

2727

Steps to Unification

2828

Constitutional Monarchy: 1870 - 1922Constitutional Monarchy: 1870 - 1922

Birth of modern ItalyBirth of modern Italy– Heavy taxation to pay war debtsHeavy taxation to pay war debts– Parliamentary government new and Parliamentary government new and

strange strange to many Italiansto many Italians– Economic growth supported the changesEconomic growth supported the changes