Download - Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
1/71
Citations andCitations and
References StyleReferences Style
BY :BY :
Bashar A.Bashar A. AbdallaAbdalla
RaafatRaafat ElhakeemElhakeem
1/11/2011 1
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
2/71
WHAT IS A REFERENCE CITATION?WHAT IS A REFERENCE CITATION?
A reference citation is the documentation needed to
make your paper acceptable for academic purposes.
It gives authoritative sources for your statements,
helps the reader gain access to those sources, and
acknowledges the fact that the information used in a
paper did not originate with the writer.
1/11/2011 2
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
3/71
What is citation?What is citation?
A "citation" is the way you tell your readers that certain material in your
work came from another source. It also gives your readers the
information necessary to find that source again, including:
1. information about the author.
2. the title of the work.
3. the name and location of the company that published your copy of
the source.
4. the date your copy was published.
5. the page numbers of the material you are borrowing.
1/11/2011 3
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
4/71
Why should I cite sources?Why should I cite sources?
Giving credit to the original author by citing sources is the only way to use other
people's work without plagiarizing. But there are a number of other reasons to cite
sources:
1. citations are extremely helpful to anyone who wants to find out more about yourideas and where they came from.
2. not all sources are good or right -- your own ideas may often be more accurate
or interesting than those of your sources. Proper citation will keep you from
taking the rap for someone else's bad ideas.
3. citing sources shows the amount of research you've done.
4. citing sources strengthens your work by lending outside support to your ideas.
1/11/2011 4
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
5/71
Doesn't citing sources make my work seem lessDoesn't citing sources make my work seem lessoriginal?original?
Not at all. On the contrary, citing sources actually helps your
reader distinguish your ideas from those of your sources. This
will actually emphasize the originality of your own work.
1/11/2011 5
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
6/71
When do I need to cite?When do I need to cite?
Whenever you borrow words or ideas, you need to acknowledge
their source. The following situations almost always require citation:
1. whenever you use quotes.2. whenever you paraphrase.
3. whenever you use an idea that someone else has already
expressed.
4. whenever you make specific reference to the work of another.
5. whenever someone else's work has been critical in developing
your own ideas.
1/11/2011 6
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
7/71
APA:APA: psychology, education, and other social sciences.
MLAMLA:: literature, arts, and humanities.AMAAMA:: medicine, health, and biological sciences.
TurabianTurabian:: designed for college students to use with all
subjects.
ChicagoChicago:: used with all subjects in the "real world" by
books, magazines, newspapers, and other non-
scholarly publications.
1/11/2011 7
THE MAIN STYLESTHE MAIN STYLES
OF CITATIONSOF CITATIONS
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
8/71
What Is MLA Style?What Is MLA Style?
MLA (Modern Language Association)The MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing
(2008) is the third edition ofThe MLA Style Manual, first
published by the Modern Language Association of America in
1985. It is an academic style guide widely used in the United
States, Canada, and other countries, providing guidelines for
writing and documentation of research in the humanities,
especially in English studies; the study of other modernlanguages and literatures, including comparative literature;
literary criticism; media studies; cultural studies; and related
disciplines.
1/11/2011 8
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
9/71
The MLA Style .Book
Author's name [last name, first name, middle
initial or middle name (as given)]. Title. Place
of publication: publisher, date. Print.
Supplementary information (if any).
Example :
1/11/2011 9
HodgkinsonHodgkinson, Tom., Tom. How to Be IdleHow to Be Idle. New York: Harper, 2005. Print.. New York: Harper, 2005. Print.
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
10/71
The MLA Style .article in a periodical
(magazine or, as well as newspapers)Author's name [last name, first name, middle initial or middle name (as
given)]. "Article title." Title of periodicalVolume number ("for a scholarly
journal").[period]issue number ("if available, for a scholarly journal") Date of
publication within parentheses ("for a scholarly journal, the year; for other
periodicals, the day, month, and year, as available"): Pages ("inclusive"). Print
If the journal uses only issue numbers, cite the issue number alone.
If citing a "locally-published newspaper" whose city of publication is not in its
title, the city is put in square brackets (but not italicized) after the title of the
newspaper (17879).
1/11/2011 10
Brophy, Mike. "Driving Force." Hockey News 21 Mar. 2006: 16-19. Print.
Kane, Robert. "Turing Machines and Mental Reports."Australasian Jour. of
Philosophy44.3 (1966): 334-52. Print.
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
11/71
The MLA Style .
Internet resource
Name of author of webpage (last name, first name, middle
initial or middle name [as given]). "Article Title." Title of
Webpage [publication]. Sponsoring Agency, date accessed.
Web. (Medium of publication) Web address (optional). Dateof publication (or date page was last modified)
Example :
1/11/2011 11
CNN and Reuters. "Boston Columnist Resigns Amid New Plagiarism
Charges." Cable News Network. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc., 6
Mar. 2009. Web. 19 Aug. 1998.
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
12/71
The MLA Style
CD-ROM
Name of author (last name, first name, middleinitial or middle name [as given]). "Article title ofprinted source." Periodical title of printed source,or title of printed analogue Date: inclusive pages.Title of database. CD-ROM. Name of vendor orcomputer service. Electronic-publication data ordata for access.
Example :
.
1/11/2011 12
Ethnic NewsWatch. CD-ROM. DaReed, William. "Whites and the
Entertainment Industry." Tennessee Tribune 25 Dec. 1996: 28. ta
Technologies, Feb. 1997
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
13/71
The MLA Style.
Personal interview
Name of person interviewed (last name, first
name, middle initial or middle name [asgiven]). Personal interview. Date interviewed.
Example :
1/11/2011 13
Pei, I. M. Personal interview. 10 July 1993.
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
14/71
Chicago Referencing Style
1/11/2011 14
The Chicago Referencing Style has two majordocumentation systems. One is the humanities styleand the other is the author-date system.
These two styles are used in different contextsdepending upon the subject-matter and the nature of
the study and the sources cited. These two systems arefavored by different groups of scholars.
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
15/71
Chicago Referencing Style Two
Systems
1/11/2011 15
Humanities styleHumanities style AuthorAuthor--date Styledate Style
The humanities style is preferred by
many in literature, history and the arts.
It is recommended for history research
papers. This style uses bibliographic
notes rather than text citations. It
accommodates a variety of sources
including words which only few people
know.
The author-date system on the other
hand has been used by people from
other sciences such as physical, natural
and other social sciences.
In this system the last name of the
author, date of publication are cited
briefly mentioned in the text, generally
in parentheses.
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
16/71
Basic Referencing Rules: Humanities
styleBookExample :
Yow, Valerie Raliegh. Recording oral history. A guide for
the humanities and social sciences. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press,2005
Corporate AuthorExample:
Oberlin College. Conservatory of Music. Library. Mr. andMrs. C. W. Best Collection of Autographs, in the Mary M.Vial Music Library of the Oberlin College Conservatory ofMusic. Oberlin, OH: Oberlin College Library, 1967.
1/11/2011 16
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
17/71
Basic Referencing Rules: Humanities
style Journal Article
Example : Banks, William. A Secret Meeting in Boise. MidwesternPolitical Review 6 (1958): 26-31
Electronic Journal or Newspaper ArticleExample : Carbado, Devon W. Black Male Racial Victimhood.
Callaloo 21, no.2 (1998): 337-361. http://www.jstor.org/ (accusedJuly 8, 2005)
WebsiteExample : Ellison, Jim. Assessing the accessibility of fifty UnitedStates government WebPages: Using Bobby to check on UncleSam. First Monday, volume 9, number 7 (July 2004).
http://www.firstmonday.org/ (accessed June 16, 2005).
1/11/2011 17
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
18/71
Basic Referencing Rules:
Author-Date Style
BookExample : Kourik, Robert. 1998. The lavendergarden: beautiful varieties to grow and gather.
San Francisco: Chronicle Books
Corporate AuthorExample : Ohio State University. Natural
Resources Institute. 1959. A directory of Ohiofacilities and services for resource conservation.Columbus: Natural Resources Institute.
1/11/2011 18
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
19/71
Basic Referencing Rules: Author-Date
Style Journal Article
Example : Terborgh, J. 1974. Preservation of natural diversity: Theproblem of extinction-prone species. BioScience 24: 715-22
Electronic Article or Newspaper ArticleExample : Thomas, Trevor M. 1956. Wales: Land of Mines andQuarries. Geographical Review 46, no.1: 59-81. http://jstor.org/(accessed June 30, 2005).
Web Site
Example : Roach, John. 2005. Journal RanksTop 25 UnansweredQuestions. http://www.nationalgeographic.com/ (accessed July 7,
2005).
1/11/2011 19
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
20/71
APA style
1/11/2011 20
The Basics of APA StyleThe Basics of APA Style
APAAPA American Psychological Association
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
21/71
APA styleAPA style
Basic instruction for Reference List:
Alphabetical order
Hanging Indent
All lines after the first line of each entry should
be indented one-half inch from the left margin.
Authors' names are inverted (last name first)
1/11/2011 21
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
22/71
APA styleAPA style -- In-text Citation
1 author (last name, year)
Example: (Jones, 1998)
2 authors cite both names separated by &
Example: (Kosik & Martin, 1999) 3-5 authors cite all authors first time; after
first time, use et al.Example: (Wilson et al., 2000)
6 or more authors cite first authors nameand et al.Example: (Perez et al., 1992)
1/11/2011 22
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
23/71
APA styleAPA style - The reference list
Book Single-author
Basic Instructions:
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of the book.
Place of publication: Publication house.
Example:
1/11/2011 23
Jones, A. (2005). Community Policing.Hartford, CT: Scholarly Publishers, Inc.
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
24/71
APA styleAPA style - The reference list
Book with more than one author
Basic Instructions:
Author, A.A., & Author, B.B. (Year of publication). Titleof the book. Place of publication:Publication house.
Example:
1/11/2011 24
Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991).APA guide
to preparing manuscripts for journal
publication. Washington, DC: American
Psychological Association.
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
25/71
APA styleAPA style - The reference list
1/11/2011 25
PeriodicalsBasic Instructions:
Author, A. A., .Title of article. Title of
Periodical, Volume xx(x),pages xxx-xxx.Example:
Sacks, S. E. (2004). Fraud risk: are youprepared?Journal of Accountancy, 198(3),
57-63.
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
26/71
APA styleAPA style - The reference list
Nonperiodicals
Basic Instructions:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of work. Location:Publisher.
Example:
1/11/2011 26
Lipson, C. (2004). Doing honest work in
college. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
27/71
APA styleAPA style - The reference list
Part of a nonperiodical (e.g., a book chapter)Basic Instructions:
Author, A. (Year). Title of chapter. In A. Editor
(Ed.), Title of book(pp. xxx-xxx). Location:Publisher.Example:
1/11/2011 27
Lipson, C. (2004). Plagiarism and academic honesty.
In S. Jones (Ed.), Integrity in scholarship
(pp. 32-48). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
28/71
APA styleAPA style - The reference list
References to Electronic Sources
In general, include the same information asyou would for a print resource, and add as
much electronic retrieval info as needed tolocate the source.
Content with no fixed publication dateshould include a retrieval date.
If the source has a DOI (Digital ObjectIdentifier), use it instead of a URL
1/11/2011 28
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
29/71
APA styleAPA style - The reference list
Article with DOI assignedBasic Instructions:
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of article.
Title of Periodical, xx, xxx-xxx. doi:Example:
1/11/2011 29
Belli, B. (2007). Nuking food: Contamination fears
and market possibilities spur an irradiation revival.E: The Environmental Magazine, 18(4), 136-142.doi: 10.1037/0002-9432.76.4.482
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
30/71
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
31/71
APA styleAPA style - The reference list
EncyclopediaBasic Instructions:
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of article. In A. Editor
(Ed.), Title of work. Retrieved month day, year,from URL
Example:
1/11/2011 31
Ennis, W. (2006). Sign Language. In G.
Albrecht (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Disability.Retrieved August 28, 2007, from Gale VirtualReference Library, Pima County Public Library,www.tppl.org
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
32/71
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
33/71
APA styleAPA style - The reference list
Podcast
Basic Instructions:
Creator, Producer, Director, etc. (Persons title). (Year,
Month Day). Title of show, segment, etc. [Number orother identifier]. Title of podcast. Podcast retrieved
from URL
Example:
1/11/2011 33
Glass, I. (Producer). (2007, August 3). Blame it onart [Show 73]. This American Life. Podcast
retrieved from http://www.thisamericanlife.org
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
34/71
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
35/71
APA styleAPA style - The reference list
YouTube video
Basic Instructions:
Author. (Year, Month day). Title[Video file].
Retrieved from URL
Example:
1/11/2011 35
CSPAN. (2009, January 20). President Barack Obama
2009 Inauguration and Address [Video file].Retrievedfromhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VjnygQ02aW4
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
36/71
APA styleAPA style - The reference list
DVD or Movie
Basic Instructions:
Producer & Director. (Year). Title of MotionPicture[Motion Picture or DVD]. Country of
Origin: Studio.
Example:
1/11/2011 36
Grazer, B., Howard, R., (Producers) & Howard, R.(Director). (2002). A beautiful mind[DVD].
Universal City, CA: Universal.
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
37/71
37
For More Information
APA Manual Website:www.apastyle.org
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
38/71
Turabian Style
1/11/2011 38
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
39/71
Turabian Style
1/11/2011 39
The reference list style has long been used inthe physical, natural, and social sciences. In
this system, sources are briefly cited in
parentheses in the text by( authors lastname and date of publication, page).
example:
The color blue became more prominent in theeighteenth century (Pastoureau 2001, 124).
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
40/71
Turbian Style Reference List
Book
Basic Instructions:
Author(s), Date. Title of Book, Place of
Publication: Publisher.
Example:
1/11/2011 40
Okuda, Michael, and Denise Okuda. 1993. Star
trek chronology: The history of the future. NewYork: Pocket Books.
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
41/71
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
42/71
Turbian Style Reference List
1/11/2011 42
Newspaper or Magazine Article
Basic Instructions:
Author(s) .Date. Title of Article: Title of
Periodical, ( Date ) ,Pages.
Example:
Di Rado, Alicia. 1995. Trekking through college:
Classes explore modern society using the world of
Star trek. Los Angeles Times, 15 March, A3.
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
43/71
Turbian Style Reference List
1/11/2011 43
Book Article or Chapter
Basic Instructions:
Author(s). Date. Title of Article: Title ofBook, ed.
Name, Pages. Place of Publication: Publisher.
Example:
James, Nancy E. 1988. Two sides of paradise: The
Eden myth according to Kirk and Spock. In Spectrum
of the fantastic, ed. Donald Palumbo, 219-223.
Westport, CT: Greenwood.
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
44/71
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
45/71
Turbian Style Reference List
Online Book
Basic Instructions:
Author/editor. Title (edition). Place of publication
Producer/publisher info, date. [type of medium]; availablefrom ; accession medium.
Example:
1/11/2011 45
Holland, Norman. The Critical I. NewYork: ColumbiaUniversity Press, 1992. [book on-line]; available from
http://web.clas.ufl.edu/users/nnh/ criti.htm;Internet.
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
46/71
Turbian Style Reference List
Web Site
Basic Instructions:
Author/Editor. "Title." Date. Site/Path/File (Acces date).
Example:
1/11/2011 46
Jones, Dee. deGrummond Childrens Literature
Collection. 26 July 1999.http://avatar.lib.usm/~degrum/(24 Feb.2000).
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
47/71
Turbian Style Reference List
CD-ROM
Basic Instructions:
"Article Title." Source Title{if relevant}. in Title
of CD-ROM [CD-ROM] (Publisher, Date).
Example:
1/11/2011 47
"The Late Riots-A Mountain Reduced to a Molehill." The New
York Herald. 24 July 1863 in The Civil War-A NewspaperPerspective [CD-ROM] (Accessible Archives CD-ROM edition,
1994) (Folio Corporation, 1990).
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
48/71
Turbian Style Reference List
E-Newspaper Basic Instructions:
"Article Title." Newspaper Title [Type of Medium] Date
Created Site/Path/File (Access Date). Example:
1/11/2011 48
"Hopes recede for survivors." The Hindu[online newspaper]
1 February 2001. http://www.the-hindu.com
(1February2001).
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
49/71
Turbian Style Reference List
Online Periodical Basic Instructions:
Author. "Article Title." Periodical Title Date. [Type of
medium] Site/Path/File (Access Date).
Example:
1/11/2011 49
Williams, Buzz. "General Wade Hampton III: Noble
Summer Resident." WaySouth:A Journal of SouthernThought. [online journal] http:// www.waysouth.com
(Accessed 2 February2001).
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
50/71
Turbian Style Reference List
Online Encyclopedia
Basic Instructions:
"Article Title." Encyclopedia Title [Type of medium]
(Publisher, Date) Site/Path/ file (Access Date).
Example:
1/11/2011 50
"Ailey, Alvin, Jr." Encyclopaedia Britannica [encyclopedia
online](Britannica.com Inc.,1999); available fromhttp://www.britannica.com (Accessed 2 February 2001).
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
51/71
Turbian Style Reference List
ERIC Document
Basic Instructions:
Author. "Article Title if any." Source Title. vol: pages,date. OR
city: publisher, date. [Type of medium] available from database
name; Site/Path/File ERIC, document number.Example:
1/11/2011 51
Settle, Mary and Richard Milich. "Social Persistence
Following Failure in Boys And Girls with LD." Journal of
Learning Disabilities. 32:201-212, May/June 1999.
[database online] available from Wilson Select Plus Full
Text, http://newfirstsearch.oclc.org/ ERIC,EJ585849
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
52/71
Turbian Style Reference List
Email Message
Basic Instructions:
Sender. "Subject of Message."Type of E-mail
(Access Date).
Example:
1/11/2011 52
Albrecht, Rebecca. Mea Culpa: Citing Information.Personal e-mail (24 Feb. 2000).
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
53/71
For More Information
Website
www.press.uchicago.edu/books/turabian
/manual/
1/11/2011 53
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
54/71
The Harvard Referencing System
Unless you are asked to reference in
a specific style, the Harvard System isprobably the most widely used
system available.
1/11/2011 54
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
55/71
Harvard Style
Single author
There are two ways of referencing in the text. When
the authors name naturally occurs in the sentence,
the year is listed within parentheses just after thename. If the authors name does not occur naturally
in the sentence, then both the name and the year
are given within parentheses. For example:
1/11/2011 55
Knuth (1999) showed that.
or it has been shown that.. (Knuth, 1999).
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
56/71
Harvard Style
Multiple authors two authors
When citing work with two authors, their surnames are
listed. For example:
1/11/2011 56
Gatziu and Dittrichs (1999) overview of the SAMOS project
OR
The SAMOS project investigated active object-orienteddatabase features on top of a commercial database
management system (Gatziu and Dittrich,1999).
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
57/71
Harvard Style
BookAuthor(s) .Year of publication, Title should be in Italic
Edition if it is not the first edition, Publisher, Place of
publication.
Examples:
If the book has an editor instead of an author, you should
include the word editor(s), or its abbreviation ed(s).,
after the author name(s).
1/11/2011 57
Boehm, B. W. 1981. Software Engineering
Economics. Prentice-Hall, EaglewoodCliffs, New
Jersey.
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
58/71
Harvard Style
Articles in books
Surname, initial/s. (date). Title of Article: And
Subtitles where Appropriate. In Surname,
initial/s. (Editor where appropriate) (date).
Examples:
1/11/2011 58
Hymes, D. (1971) On Communicative Competence.In Brumfit, C. & Johnson, K. (Eds.) (1979).
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
59/71
Harvard Style
Journal article:
Author(s), Year of publication ,Title of the article . Name
of journal should be in Italic, Volume number, issue
number, Publisher, Page numbers of article.
Examples:
1/11/2011 59
Stankovic, J. A. 1988, Misconceptions About Real-Time
Computing: A Serious Problem for Next-Generation
Systems. IEEE Computer, 21(10), October, pp. 1019.
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
60/71
Harvard Style
Conference paper:
Author(s) ,Year of publication. Title of the paper, Editor(s) of
the conference proceedings Title of conference proceedings
should be in Italic, Location and dates of the conference
,Publisher ,Page numbers of paper.
Examples:
1/11/2011 60
Mohan, C. 1999. Repeating History beyond ARIES. In: M.
P. Atkinson, M. E. Orlowska, P. Valduriez, S. B. Zdonik, M.
L. Brodie, (eds) Proceedings of the 25th International
Conference on Very Large Data Bases, Edinburgh,
Scotland, UK, September 7th10th, pp. 117.
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
61/71
Harvard Style
Electronic documents (e.g. web pages)
Author(s), Year. Title should be in ItalicVersion number, if
applicable Type of medium should be in square brackets, e.g.
[online], [CD-ROM]. Publisher, if different from author Place of
publication, if applicable Available from, e.g. URL Access date
(date when the document was viewed/downloaded)
Examples:
1/11/2011 61
Davison, R. and Kock, N., editors. 2004. ProfessionalE
thics[online]. Available from: http:// www.is.cityu.edu.hk/
research/resources/isworld/ethics/index.htm
[ Accessed 27 June 2007].
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
62/71
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
63/71
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
64/71
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
65/71
What is a DOI?What is a DOI?
1/11/2011 65
oo Digital Object Identifier isDigital Object Identifier is A unique identifierfor a source.
o Not all sources have them yet.
o Usually near the copyright information.Often on the first page of an article.
o Looks something like this:
10.3102/0034654309332560
o CrossRef can help:www.crossref.org/SimpleTextQuery/
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
66/71
1/11/2011 66
DOI EX:DOI EX:
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
67/71
PODCAST
A podcast is a series of digital media files (either
audio or video) that are released episodically and
often downloaded through web syndication. The term
"podcasting" was first mentioned by Ben Hammersley
in The Guardian newspaper in a February 2004
article,. It is a portmanteau of the words "pod from
the name of Apple's portable media player, iPod and
"broadcasting".
The content can be accessed using any computer that
can play media files.
1/11/2011 67
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
68/71
1/11/2011 68
ERIC (Educational Resources InformationCenter): ERIC is the world's largest index to journalarticles and research reports in the field of education.
It includes material written from 1966 to the present.
ERIC provides citations to a wide variety of
information, including journal articles, curriculum and
teaching guides, conference reports, and
dissertations.
ERIC
An online version is available from the ERIC website:
(http://www.eric.ed.gov/).
Did Y K ? Th d l i i fDid Y K ? Th d l i i f
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
69/71
Did You Know? The word plagiarism comes fromDid You Know? The word plagiarism comes from
the Latinthe Latin plagiariusplagiarius meaning "meaning "kidnapperkidnapper""
1/11/2011 69
The simplest definition of plagiarism:
The simplest definition of plagiarism:
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
70/71
If you cant find
Authors name Name of organisation
Date of publication
Title of article Location of organisation
DontDont use ituse it
-
8/8/2019 Citations & Referances NEW 20-11-2010
71/71