Download - Characteristics of life for Advanced Biology
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THE STUDY OF BIOLOGY
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IS IT ALIVE? How do you know?
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In partners• List 3-5 unique living things
• Choose any 2 living things from the list on the board
• Discuss and identify at least 6 ways those 2 living things are alike
• Do the characteristics your identified apply to all living things?
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Objectives for this lesson• List the 8 characteristics of all life on Earth• Give an example of each characteristic
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To aid in your note taking• Vocabulary words will be in green
• As we discuss each of these characteristics, think of an example or visualize a process, don’t just memorize definitions
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What is Biology?Biology is the study of living things Living things are called organisms
Organisms include bacteriaprotistsfungiplantsanimals
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All Living Things…1. Are made of
cells2. Use matter &
energy3. Maintain
homeostasis4. Grow & Develop
5. Reproduce6. Have DNA7. Respond to their
environment8. AS A GROUP,
living things evolve, (change over time)
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Organisms
Are made of cells
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2 main cell types
prokaryotic
simpleNo nucleus
or organelles
bacteria
eukaryotic
complex Nucleus & organelles
Animals, plants, fungi,
protists
Cell Basics
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Number of cells
unicellular
All bacteria Some protists & fungi
multicellular
All plants and animals, most fungi
Organisms are Grouped by their Number of Cells
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Organisms
Use Matter & Energy
copyright cmassengale
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Cells use matter & energy
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Organisms are grouped by how they get matter and energy
Autotrophs
Make their own food to get energy
Photoautotrophs use light
Chemoautotrophs use chemicals
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Heterotrophs
Herbivores eat only plants
Carnivores eat only meat
Omnivores eat both plants and
animals
Consume others to get food and
energy
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Organisms
Maintain Homeostasis
copyright cmassengale
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Organisms maintain
homeostasis
Ex: Dogs pant when hot to cool off
Ex: Insulin released after a meal to take
up blood sugars
Ex: Shivering when cold to create heat
Constant steady state By feedback loops
Homeostasis
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• Can you come up with your own examples of how an organism maintains homeostasis?
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Oraganisms
Grow & Develop
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Organisms Grow & Develop
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growth
More cells Cells enlarge
development
Mature to adult form
&
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• Crystals of salt grow and are highly organized.
• Why don’t biologists consider them to be alive?
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Organisms
Reproduce
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2 types of reproduction
asexual
1 parent Offspring are clones
sexual
2 parents Offspring are unique
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Organisms
Have a Genetic Code
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Genetic Code
DNA
Make up cell parts
Do work in
organisms
Codes for proteins
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Organisms
Respond to stimuli
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Respond to environment
Temperature Gravity Light Blood sugar Viruses
In order to maintain
homeostasis
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Groups of Organisms (Populations)
Evolve over time
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Populations evolve over
time
Fossil record DNA evidence Homologous structures
As shown by
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• Which of the following does evolution help explain?A. How organisms reproduceB. How organisms grow and developC. How organisms are related to each otherD. How organisms obtain and use energy
What answer do you think is correct? ___ Why did you pick this answer?
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• Identify the characteristic (or characteristics) of life exemplified by A. The sharp spines of a porcupineB. The development of a multicellular organism from a single
fertilized eggC. A hummingbird using sugar to power its flight
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Life is Organized on Several Levels
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Molecules & atoms
cells
tissues
organs
Organ systems
individuals
populations
communities
ecosystems
biosphere
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• Both cells and organisms share the characteristics of life. How then, are cells and organisms different?
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Work on your own• Complete the short worksheet
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Cool Down• Give an example of one of the characteristics of life that
we have not already heard today