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Chapter 9 A Revolution in Transportation
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Revolution in Transportation-After the War of 1812 political leaders realized that national security, economic progress, and political unity were all more or less depended on a greatly improved transportation network
-President Madison called for a federally supported program of “internal improvements” in 1815
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Roads-The first federal transportation project was to build a National Road between Cumberland, Maryland and Wheeling, Virginia
-This toll road had a crushed stone surface and stone bridges and was eventually extended into Illinois
-The Lancaster Turnpike was also built to connect Philadelphia and Pittsburgh
-Other turnpikes were built to connect cities
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Water Transportation-The biggest problems were that toll roads did not meet the demands of moving large bulky freight long distances cheaply
-The system of water transportation on boats, using the rivers of the United States, allowed for rapid economic development in the West
-Steam powered boats provided quick and cheap ways to move agricultural products from the interior to the port cities and provided transportation up and down the river for passengers
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Changes in Commerce-This ability to move goods and people up and down the Ohio and Mississippi River allowed for an increase in commerce by created a two-way market
-Paddle boats became a source of luxury and entertainment for those aboard by being floating hotels and casinos
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The Canal Boom-The transportation system did not have a way to provide an economical way to ship western farm produce directly east to the ports
-This also linked the market to the transatlantic trade
-There was a need to connect the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean, and digging canals was the way to do so
-The state of New York decided to finance a canal to connect Albany and Buffalo
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The Erie Canal-The plan was to build a canal that was 364 miles long
-It was a massive project (three times the size of any other canal project) and was expensive
-Governor De Witt Clinton figured out ways to finance the project
-Construction began in 1818 and the canal was completed in 1825
-Economically this canal made the average cost of most goods to drop, opened up new markets along the route, and made New York the center of commerce