market revolution - transportation revolution (just a few additional notes)
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MARKET REVOLUTION - TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION (JUST A FEW ADDITIONAL NOTES). EUGENIA LANGAN MATER ACADEMY CHARTER HIGH SCHOOL HIALEAH GARDENS, FLORIDA. THE MARKET REVOLUTION: AFTER THE WAR OF 1812, THE U.S ECONOMY BEGAN LESS RELIANT ON IMPORTS AND CENTERED MORE ON THE INTERNAL MARKET - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
MARKET REVOLUTION - TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION
(JUST A FEW ADDITIONAL NOTES)
EUGENIA LANGANMATER ACADEMY CHARTER HIGH SCHOOLHIALEAH GARDENS, FLORIDA
THE MARKET REVOLUTION: AFTER THE WAR OF 1812, THE U.S ECONOMY BEGAN LESS RELIANT ON IMPORTS AND CENTERED MORE ON THE INTERNAL MARKET
INDUSTRIALIZATION MADE THIS POSSIBLE (THOUGH NOT ALL REGIONS WERE INDUSTRIALIZED)
EAST – INDUSTRIALIZED
SOUTH – PLANTATIONS (MOSTLY COTTON) AND SLAVERY
WEST – THE NATION’S BREADBASKET
REGIONAL SPECIALIZATION REGIONS DEPENDED ON TRADE WITH EACH OTHER - INTERDEPENDENT
THE MARKET REVOLUTION (AND THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION) DEPENDED ON THE TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION:
FREIGHT HAD TO MOVE FROM STATE TO STATE, REGION TO REGION
HENCE THE DEBATES OVER INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS – ROADS AND CANALS
TRANSPORTATION FACT: VERY HEAVY FREIGHT SUCH AS GRAIN, COAL, IRON, ETC. CANNOT MOVE BY ROAD – ONLY BY WATER AND RAILROADS
IT IS VERY EXPENSIVE AND TAKES YEARS TO BUILD A CANAL, AND CANALS MUST LINK TO RIVERS OR LAKES
TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION PHASE 1
MAJOR ROADS (TURNPIKES) AND CANALS BY AROUND 1840: NOTE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN NORTH AND SOUTH
TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION PHASE 2: THE RAIL “REVOLUTION”
DEPENDED ON INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION – STEAM ENGINE
MUCH CHEAPER TO BUILD RAILROADS THAN CANALS
RAILROADS CAN BE BUILT ANYWHERE
RAIL – SPEED
BEFORE, FASTEST TRANSIT WAS BY HORSE – AV. SPEED 10 MPH (BUT HORSES MUST STOP EN ROUTE TO EAT, REST, SLEEP, ETC.)
19TH C. STEAM LOCOMOTIVE – AV. 10 MPH, DIDN’T HAVE TO STOP EN ROUTE
10 MPH – BUT HAS TOSTOP TO REST, EAT, SLEEP,ETC. TEAM OF HORSES CARRIES ONE WAGON
10 MPH – KEEPS GOING AS LONG AS COAL IS IN FIREBOX AND WATER IS IN BOILER. ONE LOCOMOTIVE HAULS MANY CARS
SORRY, NO CHART FOR U.S. – BUT REDUCTIONS IN TRANSIT TIME IN U.S. WERE THE SAME AS IN ENGLAND: REDUCED TIME BY 70-75%
THE JOHN BULL, ONE OF THE EARLIEST STEAM ENGINES IN U.S.
IN ADDITION TO BEING MUCH FASTER THAN EITHER HORSES OR BARGES, RAILROADS COULD MOVE MORE FREIGHT AT A TIME – STEAM ENGINES COULD HAUL DOZENS OF CARS
THE RAIL BOOM – 1830 – 60 (MILES OF TRACK)
1830 1840 1850 1860
40 2,755 8,571 28.920
BY 1840 RAILROADS HAD REPLACED CANALS AS THE PRIMARY LONG-DISTANCE FREIGHT CARRIERS
RAILROADS BY 1860
N.B.: SOUTH HAD FEWER RAILROADS
SOUTHERN RAILROADS MOSTLY SHORT LINES
SOUTHERN RAILROADS NOT STANDARD GAUGE
RR = BEST WAY TO MOVE TROOPS, MATERIEL, OTHER WAR SUPPLIES