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Chapter 12
On The Original Expectancy Theory
By Victor H.Vroom
1. keyword
Expectancy =
!"#$!#%&"'()*(!"#$+,-./,/%012(344'567&8928#("'4:; #8+$9 88$C#(2!"#$ Valence = !"#$%&'()*+,-.#"(/01('23'-.#"453'6#(23',/--789 :"94;3 RewardInstrumentality = !"# !"#$%&'()*+,)%-. /0$(.010$ Outcome
!"#$"%&'()"*+(,!-. /&0. /&-1%2345 67))(89:!"#$"%&'();-"*+(,. ?-
2. Diagram
2.1 Expectancy theory helps us understand the thought process behind how people choose to behave
- Maximize pleasure- Minimize suffer
- Behavior is rational
2.2 Motivation = Expectancy x Instrumentality x Valence
(Expectancy Performance) (Performance Outcome) (Valence)
Effort Performance Outcome
2.3 Outcome at work take several forms: Such as
- Achievement
- Affiliation +/-
- power
2.4 For managers, expectancy, theory has a number of implications
Expectancy Performance Select, training
Performance Outcome measure, increase employee, confidence
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Outcome changing reward contingency,
substitutes reward
2.5 Effort-to-performance expectancies and performance to outcome expectancies, together with
outcome valence, determine our motivation force
(performance outcome)
Motivation = Expectancy x Instrumentality x Valence
3. Review Theory
-!"#$%&'()*&+ ,-./)(012 '()*!"#$*)342 Expectancy Theory !"#$ VIE Theory !" # Victor H. Vroom !"#$#%&'()*+,-./-(0123%45-(-67 89 Work and Motivate !"#$%&'()*+ 4 partIntroduction, Academic Root, Motivation and Expectancy Theory, Epilogue
12.1 Introduction!"#$%&'( )*$+$ work and motivate !" #$% &'()*+,-./01 #2' why people choose the kinds of work they do, the
satisfaction that they derive from that work, and the quality of their work performance
12.2 Academic Root
!"#$%&'()* +,$-.()/01* 234567859: +.(9$%)* +5!;3-' )* + Victor Vroom !"#$%&'())*+ ,George WilliamsCollege !"#$%&''( )*+), !"#$%!&'( ) Canadair Ltd. !"#$%&$'( )*+,-.-,$'/ )01%01 characterizingindividual !"# $%&'()*+,- Employee turn over !"#$%#&'()*"+, Lee Cronbach (1957) R - R psychology!"#$% #&'"()'%*+,-")./0123"4*("'5'"(6789 :;'2 ?& )./&@"A*BC D'"(B(%"EExpectancyTheory
!"#$%&'()* !"#$%&'!( prototype
!"#$%&'()*+,#%-.,/#0$12 3456('6718& 9:!;#?@AB&(?C% personality characteristics and situational variables might be found in moderating the effects of other
situational variables such as the job content, reward systems, and work group characteristics.!"#$%&'(!)*+,-./ 0*1& instrumentality for the satisfaction of each motive $%& expectancy thatactions will lead to the attainment of the incentives!"#$%&'()*# !"#$#%#&'()*+,'-./-0/123%*4,5'6 personality dispositions and shift- work properties!"#$%&'&()*+&,('-&).&,/0123&(2)4!" #$%&'()*+(,-. ,/. 0%1234+5(6 Expectancy, instrumentality
valence !"#$%& '($)*+,-./%/ Work and Motivation.12.3 Motivation and Expectancy Theory
!"#$%&% ' ()*+,-./0123 4+56+57&8!"#$!%&'()*+!!,"-#./012-"123#!4567 863#9:;.)?@)9?A-(BCA%>$ !"# Vroom !"#$%&'()**+,-./,'01'2'3!+4567&'3829 :;95
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person and environment was a clear !"#$%&'()* Lewins the force operating on a person to move ina particular direction was assumed to be a function of the valence of a region in the life space and of
the psychological distance of that region from the person
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