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Cell Size
Cell
Size
range
Most
Cells
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3
S-to-V ratio
decreases as sizeincreases
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How big is1-10 m??
PROKARYOTES
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Light Microscopy
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Electron Microscopy
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Cell Fractionation
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All cells have:
Plasma membrane Selective barrier
Controls movement of nutrients &wastes
Cytoplasm Cytosol
Organelles & molecules
Chromosomes
DNA (genes)RNAProteins
Proteins- workers of the cell
Ribosomes
Protein synthesis
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Prokaryote Eukaryote
No nucleus Nucleus
1-10 m 10-100 m
None Membrane-bound
organelles
Bacteria & Archaea Protists, Plants,
Fungi & Animals
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Special Prokaryote cell features
nucleoid
cell wallcapsule
fimbriae
flagella
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Escherichia coli
DNA of nucleoid
unraveled
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Cell Wall
Achilles Heel of Bacteria
Alexander Fleming
Penicillin from bread mold
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Ribosome
Another Achilles Heel of Bacteria
Selman Waksman
Streptomycin, soil fungus
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CAUTION
Antibiotics have no
effect on virus
Overuse ofantibiotics can lead
to resistant bacteria
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What is a virus??
Coat plus genetic material(DNA or RNA)
No metabolism independent ofhost cell
Many human pathogens Cold / Flu
Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)
Measels, Mumps, Chickenpox
Arboviruses
Computer virus
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Flagellum
Flagella (pl.)
Movement
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Academic Success!
Study Time
Review- start with big picture
Attend Class
Tutors- contact Learning Assistance
http://www.uwp.edu/departments/learning.assistance/
http://www.uwp.edu/departments/learning.assistance/ -
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The Eukaryotic Cell
Membrane bound organelles
work spaces
work surface
Symbiotic residents
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
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Nucleus
Nuclear envelopePores allow movement of
mRNA and ribosomes into ER
ChromatinDiffuse form ofchromosome
Site of transcription
NucleolusRegion for ribosome assembly
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Endomembrane System
Endoplasmic reticulumSmooth- lipid & carbohydrate
metabolism, detoxification
Rough- synthesis of proteins
Transport vesiclesCarry cell products
Golgi apparatusManufacturing, warehousing,
sorting, shipping
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Lysosomes
Contain hydrolyticenzymes
Intracellular
digestion Food vacuoles
Recycled cell parts
Programmed celldestruction(apoptosis)
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Vacuoles
Membrane sac
holding
Food
Wastes
Poisons
Pigments
Plant cells havelarge central vacuole
vacuole
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Mitochondrion
Burn cell fuel
make ATP
Require O2 Endosymbionts
Divide independently
Have own DNA,
ribosomes
Found in all
eukaryotes
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Chloroplast
Convert light to cell fuel Photosynthesis
Contain chlorophyll
Endosymbionts Divide independently of
cell
Have own DNA,
ribosomes
Found in plants &algae
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Peroxisome
Break downmolecules (fattyacids, alcohol)producingHydrogen peroxide(toxic!)
Converts H2O2 towater
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Cytoskeleton-Structure & Movement
Microtubule Microfilament Intermediate filament
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Microtubules
Grow from centrosomes Organize cell division (mitotic spindle)
Centrioles- in centrosome of animalcells
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Microtubules
Vesicle transport
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Flagella
few per cell
long
snake-like
Cilia
many per cell
short
oar-like
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Cilia & Flagella
9 + 2
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Cilia & Flagella
Movement of cell
Sperm cell
Ciliates (Protists) Movement of
environment
Feeding by sponges
Lining of wind-pipe
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Microfilaments
Actin
Myosin
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Cell Wall
Plants, Fungi
& Protists
Support &Protection
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Extracellular matrix
Animals
Cell-to-cell
communication
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Interior
of cell
Interior
of cell
0.5 m Plasmodesmata Plasma membranes
Cell walls
Plant Cell Junctions
Tight junctions prevent
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Tight junctions prevent
fluid from moving
across a layer of cells
Extracellular
matrix
Plasma membranes
of adjacent cells
Space
between cells
Ions or small
molecules
Desmosome
Intermediate
filaments
Tight junction
Gap
junction
AnimalCellJunctions
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Bioflix Review
Tour of Animal Cell
Tour of Plant Cell