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Cell Size

Cell

Size

range

Most

Cells

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3

S-to-V ratio

decreases as sizeincreases

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How big is1-10 m??

PROKARYOTES

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Light Microscopy

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Electron Microscopy

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Cell Fractionation

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All cells have:

Plasma membrane Selective barrier

Controls movement of nutrients &wastes

Cytoplasm Cytosol

Organelles & molecules

Chromosomes

DNA (genes)RNAProteins

Proteins- workers of the cell

Ribosomes

Protein synthesis

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Prokaryote Eukaryote

No nucleus Nucleus

1-10 m 10-100 m

None Membrane-bound

organelles

Bacteria & Archaea Protists, Plants,

Fungi & Animals

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Special Prokaryote cell features

nucleoid

cell wallcapsule

fimbriae

flagella

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Escherichia coli

DNA of nucleoid

unraveled

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Cell Wall

Achilles Heel of Bacteria

Alexander Fleming

Penicillin from bread mold

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Ribosome

Another Achilles Heel of Bacteria

Selman Waksman

Streptomycin, soil fungus

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CAUTION

Antibiotics have no

effect on virus

Overuse ofantibiotics can lead

to resistant bacteria

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What is a virus??

Coat plus genetic material(DNA or RNA)

No metabolism independent ofhost cell

Many human pathogens Cold / Flu

Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)

Measels, Mumps, Chickenpox

Arboviruses

Computer virus

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Flagellum

Flagella (pl.)

Movement

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Academic Success!

Study Time

Review- start with big picture

Attend Class

Tutors- contact Learning Assistance

http://www.uwp.edu/departments/learning.assistance/

http://www.uwp.edu/departments/learning.assistance/

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The Eukaryotic Cell

Membrane bound organelles

work spaces

work surface

Symbiotic residents

Mitochondria

Chloroplasts

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Nucleus

Nuclear envelopePores allow movement of

mRNA and ribosomes into ER

ChromatinDiffuse form ofchromosome

Site of transcription

NucleolusRegion for ribosome assembly

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Endomembrane System

Endoplasmic reticulumSmooth- lipid & carbohydrate

metabolism, detoxification

Rough- synthesis of proteins

Transport vesiclesCarry cell products

Golgi apparatusManufacturing, warehousing,

sorting, shipping

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Lysosomes

Contain hydrolyticenzymes

Intracellular

digestion Food vacuoles

Recycled cell parts

Programmed celldestruction(apoptosis)

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Vacuoles

Membrane sac

holding

Food

Wastes

Poisons

Pigments

Plant cells havelarge central vacuole

vacuole

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Mitochondrion

Burn cell fuel

make ATP

Require O2 Endosymbionts

Divide independently

Have own DNA,

ribosomes

Found in all

eukaryotes

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Chloroplast

Convert light to cell fuel Photosynthesis

Contain chlorophyll

Endosymbionts Divide independently of

cell

Have own DNA,

ribosomes

Found in plants &algae

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Peroxisome

Break downmolecules (fattyacids, alcohol)producingHydrogen peroxide(toxic!)

Converts H2O2 towater

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Cytoskeleton-Structure & Movement

Microtubule Microfilament Intermediate filament

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Microtubules

Grow from centrosomes Organize cell division (mitotic spindle)

Centrioles- in centrosome of animalcells

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Microtubules

Vesicle transport

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Flagella

few per cell

long

snake-like

Cilia

many per cell

short

oar-like

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Cilia & Flagella

9 + 2

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Cilia & Flagella

Movement of cell

Sperm cell

Ciliates (Protists) Movement of

environment

Feeding by sponges

Lining of wind-pipe

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Microfilaments

Actin

Myosin

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Cell Wall

Plants, Fungi

& Protists

Support &Protection

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Extracellular matrix

Animals

Cell-to-cell

communication

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Interior

of cell

Interior

of cell

0.5 m Plasmodesmata Plasma membranes

Cell walls

Plant Cell Junctions

Tight junctions prevent

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Tight junctions prevent

fluid from moving

across a layer of cells

Extracellular

matrix

Plasma membranes

of adjacent cells

Space

between cells

Ions or small

molecules

Desmosome

Intermediate

filaments

Tight junction

Gap

junction

AnimalCellJunctions

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Bioflix Review

Tour of Animal Cell

Tour of Plant Cell