Download - Ch 9 Powerpoint
Background to the Renaissance
Or
Death, Discontent, Disharmony and Disillusionment
Medieval Mindset
Medieval Mindset
Born-live-die within ONE station
Education is in hands of FEW
FEUDALISM Highly structured Origins
Consequences
Which led to 14th century disasters
Crusadesimpact on Renaissance Church and TRADE
Hundred Years’ War
Hundred Years’ War1337-1453 France v. England68 years of nominal peace44 years active combat
Underlying causesEnglish possession of French lands
(coast)French support of Bruces of ScotlandFlandersStrong hereditary claim of King Edward
III of England to the French throne
France v. England
Larger population
Wealthier
Poor leadership
Country internally Joan of Arc > nationalism
victor
Better leadership
United country
Early victories
Eventual defeat of all lands except Calais
Black Death
Black Death
1347-1350Europe weakened by decades of overpopulation, economic depression, famine, general bad healthKilled 2/5 of Europe’s population Ca. 20 million
Bubonic Plague—rats & fleas
Effects of the Black Death
Agricultural prices fellCost of manufactured goods roseNoble landowners suffered as per capita income in the cities increasedTrade guilds became powerfulMonarchs were able to continue process of governmental centralization
Great Schism
Problems within the Church
Undermined by internal religious disunity & denial of imperial powerPope Boniface VIII v. King Philip IV (Fr.)Babylonian CaptivityChurch HQ moved to Avignon—subservient to
French king 1309-1377
Great Schism--1378-1417here a Pope, there a Pope, everywhere a Pope
Conciliar movement—church controlled councils—order restored
John HussBohemiaSpokesman for the rights of royal authority over the popesBurned at the stake as a heretic 1415Fierce revolution
John Wycliffe
England“brother in spirit” w/ John HussWorked on English translation of the BibleCondemned as a heretic
Russia
Russia
Converted to Christianity early 9th centuryByzantine missionaries
Kievcultural center until mid-14th centuryMoscowIvan I1380—Mongols defeated—driven out of Russia within 15th century
Key Point #1The Black Death: One of the great determinants of change in history is disease. The social & economic results of the plague were wide-ranging & included fluctuation of agricultural prices & city income, as well as a decline in trade and the quality of goods produced. Politically, it is important to note that the Church & nobility suffered greatly in numbers & prestige from the effects of the plague. Monarchs were able to progress toward the centralization of their governments and economies.
Key point #2Relations between Church & State: The late 13th & 14th centuries were a period of chaos for the Church. The victim of attacks by local political factions, the papacy lost respect because of its transfer to Avignon, the Schism which followed, the impact of the Conciliar movement, the corruption of Alexander VI and others, and the French involvement in Italy. In the long run, the sword of the secular arm proved more than a match for the medieval Church.