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Ch. 16: War on the Frontier
1860-1875
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Warm-up • List uses the Native Americans may have had for
the buffalo.
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Fort Davis, Texas
•Settlers were protected by Federal companies until 1861, when the state seceded, and forced out their frontier protection. Frontier Settlements became easy targets while the Confederate army was off fighting the Civil War.
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The Texas Frontier•As Anglo-Americans moved west onto the Texas frontier, the Native Texan way of life was being destroyed
•Comanches and Kiowas attacked the Anglo settlements to preserve their land, and food source, the buffalo..
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Military forts that impacted Indian buffalo hunting grounds.
Comancheria
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Culture Clashes
Indian Agencies First Battle of Adobe Walls2nd Frontier regiment Frontier regiment
Broken peace treaties.
1863
varied patrol schedules.
1861 9 companies, 1,000 rangers
on patrol schedules.
1864
Commander Kit Carson led his 300 troops against
Comanche and Kiowa raiders. Carson withdrew to New Mexico burning
Native homes, and supplies, crippling them
for the on-coming winter.
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Quannah Parker
• Son of a captured Anglo, and a Comanche chief, Quannah Parker became one of the most powerful and respected Indian leader.
• Fought hard against the Anglo-American invaders who were threatening to take their land.
• Forced to a reservation in Oklahoma with his people.
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Warm-up
Buffalo SoldiersPg. 351
Definition Personal Experience
Image
African American Soldiers on the frontier
Indians named these African American soldiers for their bravery.
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Reserve established for tribes, providing food, and supplies.
Some, but not all chiefs signed
the treaty
Government agents sent to arrange treaty
Treaty of Medicine Creek Lodge
Failure of the treaty
Many refused to move onto the reservations.
U.S. Govt. did not provide enough supplies
Indian raids attacked settlements.
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Kiowa Buffalo Hunt by Otho Stubbs.
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Adobe walls, where two frontier battles took place between Native Texans, and the Frontier regiments.
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War against the Native Americans
Event Idea Who Result
Quaker Peace Policy
Raid at Salt Creek
Texas Rangers
BuffaloHunters
Read Ch. 16 section 2
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Warm-up
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Gen. William T. Sherman, ca. 1864Gen. William T. Sherman, ca. 1864
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Raid at Salt CreekRaid at Salt Creek
•Kiowa Chief Santanta led his tribe on a raid on a military wagon train.
•General Sherman arrests Santanta for the murder of 7 teamsters during the raid.
•Originally sentenced to death, Santanta is given life in prison instead, and later let out on parole by Governor E.J. Davis.
•Later accused of committing more raids, Santanta is recaptured and again sentenced to life in prison.
•Rather than spend his life in prison, Santanta took his own life.
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1820Organized by
Stephen F. Austin
Sent to fight in the
Civil War.
1865 Disbanded after the Civil War
1874Reestablished by Governor
Coke.1870’sMajor Jones
and Battalion Fought to protect
the frontier
1870-1890Rangers assigned
to South Texasto stop
cattle theft.
1861-1864
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The Colt Paterson revolver, used The Colt Paterson revolver, used by the Texas Rangers to defend by the Texas Rangers to defend the frontier from Indian Raids.the frontier from Indian Raids.
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The Republic of Texas bought his weapons in great numbers, and the Rangers added fame to his revolvers as
they battled Indians, Mexican troops and bandits. In gratitude to the Rangers, the inventor initially called the
Navy Model, “the new Ranger-size pistol,” or more simply, the Ranger.
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Buffalo hunters
Definition Personal Experience
Image
A person who slaughtered buffalo for the value of their hides.
Poachers in Africa are killing off the elephant for their tusks, sending them into extinction.
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http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/redriverhttp://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/redriver