Ch. 16: War on the Frontier

1860-1875

Warm-up • List uses the Native Americans may have had for

the buffalo.

Fort Davis, Texas

•Settlers were protected by Federal companies until 1861, when the state seceded, and forced out their frontier protection. Frontier Settlements became easy targets while the Confederate army was off fighting the Civil War.

The Texas Frontier•As Anglo-Americans moved west onto the Texas frontier, the Native Texan way of life was being destroyed

•Comanches and Kiowas attacked the Anglo settlements to preserve their land, and food source, the buffalo..

Military forts that impacted Indian buffalo hunting grounds.

Comancheria

Culture Clashes

Indian Agencies First Battle of Adobe Walls2nd Frontier regiment Frontier regiment

Broken peace treaties.

1863

varied patrol schedules.

1861 9 companies, 1,000 rangers

on patrol schedules.

1864

Commander Kit Carson led his 300 troops against

Comanche and Kiowa raiders. Carson withdrew to New Mexico burning

Native homes, and supplies, crippling them

for the on-coming winter.

Quannah Parker

• Son of a captured Anglo, and a Comanche chief, Quannah Parker became one of the most powerful and respected Indian leader.

• Fought hard against the Anglo-American invaders who were threatening to take their land.

• Forced to a reservation in Oklahoma with his people.

Warm-up

Buffalo SoldiersPg. 351

Definition Personal Experience

Image

African American Soldiers on the frontier

Indians named these African American soldiers for their bravery.

Reserve established for tribes, providing food, and supplies.

Some, but not all chiefs signed

the treaty

Government agents sent to arrange treaty

Treaty of Medicine Creek Lodge

Failure of the treaty

Many refused to move onto the reservations.

U.S. Govt. did not provide enough supplies

Indian raids attacked settlements.

Kiowa Buffalo Hunt by Otho Stubbs.

Adobe walls, where two frontier battles took place between Native Texans, and the Frontier regiments.

War against the Native Americans

Event Idea Who Result

Quaker Peace Policy

Raid at Salt Creek

Texas Rangers

BuffaloHunters

Read Ch. 16 section 2

Warm-up

Gen. William T. Sherman, ca. 1864Gen. William T. Sherman, ca. 1864

Raid at Salt CreekRaid at Salt Creek

•Kiowa Chief Santanta led his tribe on a raid on a military wagon train.

•General Sherman arrests Santanta for the murder of 7 teamsters during the raid.

•Originally sentenced to death, Santanta is given life in prison instead, and later let out on parole by Governor E.J. Davis.

•Later accused of committing more raids, Santanta is recaptured and again sentenced to life in prison.

•Rather than spend his life in prison, Santanta took his own life.

1820Organized by

Stephen F. Austin

Sent to fight in the

Civil War.

1865 Disbanded after the Civil War

1874Reestablished by Governor

Coke.1870’sMajor Jones

and Battalion Fought to protect

the frontier

1870-1890Rangers assigned

to South Texasto stop

cattle theft.

1861-1864

The Colt Paterson revolver, used The Colt Paterson revolver, used by the Texas Rangers to defend by the Texas Rangers to defend the frontier from Indian Raids.the frontier from Indian Raids.

The Republic of Texas bought his weapons in great numbers, and the Rangers added fame to his revolvers as

they battled Indians, Mexican troops and bandits. In gratitude to the Rangers, the inventor initially called the

Navy Model, “the new Ranger-size pistol,” or more simply, the Ranger.

Buffalo hunters

Definition Personal Experience

Image

A person who slaughtered buffalo for the value of their hides.

Poachers in Africa are killing off the elephant for their tusks, sending them into extinction.

http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/redriverhttp://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/redriver