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C I V I L - M I L I T A R Y F U S I O N C E N T R E
Mediterranean Review29 February 2012Comprehensive Information on Complex Crises
The London Conference-Hope for a New Era in Somali Politics
By Britta Rinehard
The London Conferenceon Somalia, which convened on 23 February 2012, brought together thelargest and, according to British Prime Minister David Cameron, the most influentialgathering
of stakeholders to discuss the future of Somalia, including 55 delegations from 40 countries
across Africa, the Middle East and the West. The Conference communique acknowledged the
role of the international community as a facilitator in Somalias progress and development with
the inclusion of the Somali people in the process. The conference focused on seven topics dis-
cussed in depth below:
1. Political ProcessWhile speaking at the conference, Meles Zenawi, Prime Minister of Ethiopia, called the
crisis in Somalia a political crisisand can only be resolved by political means. As such, confer-
ence participants affirmed that there will be no further extension of the Transitional Federal Insti-
tutions (TFIs), whose mandate will expire in August 2012, and invited movement towards a more
representative government through agreements such as the Transitional Federal Charter,DjiboutAgreement,Kampala Accord, and Transitional Roadmap. Participants endorsed the convening of
a Constituent Assembly representative of the views of Somali people in all regions and constitu-
encies and emphasised the urgency of tackling corruption and improving transparency and ac-
countability in the collection and use of public revenues.
2. Security and JusticeConference participants affirmed that security in Somalia will only improve in tandem
with better justice and the rule of law. The meeting acknowledged recent successes by African
Union (AU) and Somali forces in the country as well as the successful ousting of al Shabaab re-
bels in various regions and welcomed joint planning by the UN and the AU. The UN Security
Council was also commended for its adoption of Resolution 2036, which expands the African
Union Peacekeeping Mission in Somalias (AMISOM) mandate and raises troop levels. Of partic-
ular importance, the conference called on Somalis themselves to maintain and develop the justice
and security sectors and identified necessary steps for their improvement.
3. Piracy
The international community condemned piracy and commend the work of the Contact
Group on Piracy off the Coast of Somalia (CGPCS) and international militaries operating in the
Indian Ocean and Gulf of Aden. Attendees acknowledged that in order to find a lasting solution
to piracy, the issue requires a comprehensive approach on land as well as at sea. Participants
reiterated their commitment to support communities in addressing the underlying causes of piracy
while focusing on maritime capacity-building initiatives and efforts to bring pirates to justice.
In Focus Excerpted fromMB Weekly 29February 2012
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This document provides the In Focus excerpt from the MB Weekly 29 February. The In Focus section of the weekly gives ourreadership a more
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http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/news/latest-news/?view=PressS&id=727627582http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/news/latest-news/?view=PressS&id=727627582http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_FsxpS2Ch4&feature=player_embeddedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_FsxpS2Ch4&feature=player_embeddedhttp://www.fco.gov.uk/en/global-issues/london-conference-somalia/attendeeshttp://www.fco.gov.uk/en/global-issues/london-conference-somalia/attendeeshttp://www.fco.gov.uk/en/news/latest-news/?view=PressS&id=727627582http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/news/latest-news/?view=PressS&id=727627582http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_FsxpS2Ch4&feature=player_embeddedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_FsxpS2Ch4&feature=player_embeddedhttp://www.so.undp.org/docs/Transitional%20Federal%20charter-feb%202004-English.pdfhttp://www.so.undp.org/docs/Transitional%20Federal%20charter-feb%202004-English.pdfhttp://unpos.unmissions.org/Portals/UNPOS/Repository%20UNPOS/080818%20-%20Djibouti%20Agreement.pdfhttp://unpos.unmissions.org/Portals/UNPOS/Repository%20UNPOS/080818%20-%20Djibouti%20Agreement.pdfhttp://unpos.unmissions.org/Portals/UNPOS/Repository%20UNPOS/080818%20-%20Djibouti%20Agreement.pdfhttp://unpos.unmissions.org/Portals/UNPOS/Repository%20UNPOS/110609%20-%20Kampala%20Accord%20(signed).pdfhttp://unpos.unmissions.org/Portals/UNPOS/Repository%20UNPOS/110609%20-%20Kampala%20Accord%20(signed).pdfhttp://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=39467&Cr=somalia&Cr1http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=39467&Cr=somalia&Cr1http://www.au.int/en/http://www.au.int/en/http://www.new-york-un.diplo.de/Vertretung/newyorkvn/en/__pr/press-releases/2012/20120222-amisom-resolution.htmlhttp://www.new-york-un.diplo.de/Vertretung/newyorkvn/en/__pr/press-releases/2012/20120222-amisom-resolution.htmlhttp://amisom-au.org/http://amisom-au.org/http://www.thecgpcs.org/main.do?action=mainhttp://www.thecgpcs.org/main.do?action=mainhttps://www.cimicweb.org/cmo/medbasin/Holder/Documents/CFC%20Weekly%20Sector%20Review%20-%20Med%20Basin%20(29-Feb-12).pdfhttps://www.cimicweb.org/cmo/medbasin/Holder/Documents/CFC%20Weekly%20Sector%20Review%20-%20Med%20Basin%20(29-Feb-12).pdfhttps://www.cimicweb.org/https://www.cimicweb.org/http://www.cimicweb.org/http://www.cimicweb.org/http://www.cimicweb.org/https://www.cimicweb.org/https://www.cimicweb.org/cmo/medbasin/Holder/Documents/CFC%20Weekly%20Sector%20Review%20-%20Med%20Basin%20(29-Feb-12).pdfhttp://www.thecgpcs.org/main.do?action=mainhttp://amisom-au.org/http://www.new-york-un.diplo.de/Vertretung/newyorkvn/en/__pr/press-releases/2012/20120222-amisom-resolution.htmlhttp://www.au.int/en/http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=39467&Cr=somalia&Cr1http://unpos.unmissions.org/Portals/UNPOS/Repository%20UNPOS/110609%20-%20Kampala%20Accord%20(signed).pdfhttp://unpos.unmissions.org/Portals/UNPOS/Repository%20UNPOS/080818%20-%20Djibouti%20Agreement.pdfhttp://unpos.unmissions.org/Portals/UNPOS/Repository%20UNPOS/080818%20-%20Djibouti%20Agreement.pdfhttp://www.so.undp.org/docs/Transitional%20Federal%20charter-feb%202004-English.pdfhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_FsxpS2Ch4&feature=player_embeddedhttp://www.fco.gov.uk/en/news/latest-news/?view=PressS&id=727627582http://www.fco.gov.uk/en/global-issues/london-conference-somalia/attendeeshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_FsxpS2Ch4&feature=player_embeddedhttp://www.fco.gov.uk/en/news/latest-news/?view=PressS&id=727627582 -
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29 February 2012
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4. TerrorismConference attendees agreed that more emphasis should be placed on disrupting terrorists travel to and from Somalia in
addition to terrorist finances. This is expected to be accomplished through support to the Somali criminal justice system and by
countries in the region implementing the Financial Action Task Forces (FATF) recommendations on combating money laundering
and the financing of terrorism. The international community also agreed to work with the Global Counter Terrorism Forum ( GCTF)
and other international and regional bodies to disrupt terrorist activities and address root causes.
5. Stability and RecoveryThe gathered representatives acknowledged pockets of stability within Somalia, agreeing to increase support to these areas
in building legitimate and peaceful authorities while improving services for their people. The Mogadishu Recovery and StabilisationPlan was identified as an important step towards providing safety and security, economic opportunities and basic services to all So-
mali people. In addition, all future support to local areas of stability will be guided by an endorsed set of international support
principlesand will be funded through a new Stability Fund. The discussion on long -term reconstruction and economic development
will resume at the Istanbul Conferencein June 2012.
6. Humanitarian AssistanceParticipants reiterated their continued support to provide humanitarian aid based solely on need and stipulated a set of
guidelines in addressing Somalias humanitarian issues.
7. International CoordinationThe conference reconfirmed support for the International Contact Group ( ICG) on Somalia, while recommending the estab-
lishment of working groups focused on the political process, security and justice, and stability and development. It was noted that
within the ICG, a core group of countries would drive progress in support of United Nations ( UN), African Union AU) and the In-
tergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) efforts. Participants acknowledged the important role regional organisations,
such as the League of Arab States, the European Union (EU) and the Organisation of Islamic Coordination (OIC), will continue to
play in the success of Somalia.
While the conference was seen as a significant step towards bringing stability to Somalia, a Somali political observer in
Nairobi told theIntegrated Regional Information Network (IRIN), [t]hey [the organizers] bring together groups [of Somalis] that are
not fighting but ignore the one group [Al -Shabab] that is engaging in war with the TFG [Transitional Federal Government] and the
so-called international community. Adjoa Anyimadu, researcher and Somali specialistat London-based think tank Chatham House,
told Reuters that, [i]n many ways, I think I was more confident before the summit. All this emphasis on security and talk of air-
strikes-theres a real risk we will simply repeat the mistakes of the past. The official communiquefrom the conference, neverthe-
less, expressed optimism that a new era of Somali politics, with support from the international community, would bring stability and
peace to the country.
Britta Rinehardis a Knowledge Manager for the Horn of Africa at the CFC. She holds a Masters in International Relations from ODU.
mailto:[email protected]:[email 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