![Page 1: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
How much responsibility should the government/ individual take for the
healthcare of an individual citizen?Britain
(90% govt, 10% ind)
v.s.Singapore
(50% ind, 40% govt, 10% community)
![Page 2: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Managing Healthcare in Britain
![Page 3: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
British WelfareWelfare System• Recommended by
Beveridge Report (by Sir William Beveridge) to end poverty, diseases and unemployment after WWII
• Welfare system Welfare system to look after citizen from ‘cradle to grave’ started in 1948
![Page 5: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Healthcare: National Health Service (NHS)
• Basic healthcare services are free for all citizens
• Healthcare system based on meeting the needs of the people, rather than focusing on the ability to pay
![Page 6: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Healthcare: National Health Service (NHS)
Benefits:•Ensures that the people had a minimumminimum standard of welfare for a decent life•People were happy with the system and continued supporting the government
![Page 7: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Main problem: Inability to handle
demand
![Page 8: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
• Methods to solve problems must
(In your explanation)(1)Reduce demand(2)Increase resources(3)Change the way the resources are used
so that patients who really need the services can access it
Main problem: Inability to handle
demand
![Page 9: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Problems and Solutions
Over-expenditure on Healthcare
Low efficiency Low quality of service
ProblemsProblems
SolutionsSolutions
Encouraging self-responsibilityEncouraging self-responsibility
Increase efficiencyIncrease efficiency
Provide quality serviceProvide quality service
• Some services were no longer free
• Some services were no longer free
• Privitisation within NHS
• Privitisation within NHS • NHS Plan (2000)
• NHS Improvement Plan (2004) – Providing choices
• NHS Plan (2000)• NHS Improvement
Plan (2004) – Providing choices
![Page 11: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
1) Encouraging self-responsibility
• Managing spending by encouraging self-responsibility– Cutting back on
government spending on healthcare
– Create a system where the individual is more responsible for one own’s healthcare and welfare
Margaret Thatcher (1980s)
Problem: Over-expenditure on Healthcare
![Page 12: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
1) Encouraging self-responsibility
• Encourage responsibility for own health–Medicine, dental
treatment and optical services were no longer free except for some groups: e.g.• Expectant mothers• Students under 19
Helps to reduce demand and wastages!
![Page 13: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
1) Encouraging self-responsibility
• Managing spending by encouraging self-responsibility– Cutting back on
government spending on healthcare
– Create a system where the individual is more responsible for one own’s healthcare and welfare
Margaret Thatcher
British were
British were
unwilling to
unwilling to
accept this!!
accept this!!
![Page 14: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
1) Encouraging self-responsibility
Tony Blair (2000)
“..NHS remains the
symbol of social justice.. So that
every patient can access treatment
whenever they want and need
…”
![Page 15: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
1) Encouraging self-responsibility
Tony Blair (2000)
“..We decided to make a
historic commitment to
a sustained increase in NHS
spending. We would spend the
money if, but only if, we also
changed the inefficiency of
the NHS…”
![Page 16: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
1) Encouraging self-responsibility
Tony Blair (2000)
• Increasing taxes– Increases in
National Insurance contributions in 2003
– Spent £69 billion for NHS (15.8% of budget)
![Page 17: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
2) Privatization
• Policy of Privatization • Contract out non-medical
services – laundry, cleaning, catering– Private companies are
concerned with profit-making, thus they would try to remain competitive and efficient
• Hospitals can concentrate on medical services improve their own efficiency
Problem: Low efficiency
![Page 18: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
3) Increase quality of service
Focus:Focus:•Patients were given more information to make informed choices of treatment and care•Putting the needs of patients as top priority
Problem: Low quality service
![Page 19: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
3) Increase quality of service
NHS Improvement Plan (2004)
MoreMore choices: Patients could choose from four different healthcare providers and NHS would pay for the treatment
NHS Direct: provide medical advice over the phone to patients with minor illnesses saves time and money
![Page 20: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Has the British Healthcare Policies met the needs of the
people?Many different opinions from the people….
• People of Britain identify themselves with and feel strongly about it
• British citizens are grateful for the system
• Many great improvements to the system
![Page 21: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Has the British Healthcare Policies met the needs of the
people?Many different opinions from the people….
• No real improvements to the system – still low efficiency and quality of service
• Excessive government spending
• More reforms needed to meet the changing needs of the population
![Page 22: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Problems and Solutions
Over-expenditure on Healthcare
Low efficiency Low quality of service
ProblemsProblems
SolutionsSolutions
Encouraging self-responsibilityEncouraging self-responsibility
Increase efficiencyIncrease efficiency
Provide quality serviceProvide quality service
• Some services were no longer free
• Some services were no longer free
• Privitisation within NHS
• Privitisation within NHS • NHS Improvement
Plan (2004) – Providing choices
• NHS Improvement Plan (2004) – Providing choices
![Page 23: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Healthcare in Singapore
![Page 24: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Healthcare in Singapore
![Page 25: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
• Challenges of managing healthcare
• Who pays for the healthcare services in Singapore?
• Singapore healthcare system – Individual, Government, Community
• Have Singapore’s healthcare policies met the needs of the people?
Healthcare in Singapore
![Page 26: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
• What are some complaints that you have about healthcare in Singapore?– Visiting a doctor?– Getting MCs?– Paying for the bills?
Healthcare in Singapore
![Page 27: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
• Providing basicbasic healthcare
• Providing quality quality healthcare
• Providing affordableaffordable healthcare
What are the challenges of managing healthcare in Singapore?
![Page 28: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
To ensure that all Singaporeans who need the healthcare service can afford it..
(In your explanation)
(1)Reduce demand(2)Increase resources(3)Change the way the resources are used(4)Make healthcare affordable
so that patients who really need the services can access it
![Page 29: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Government’s approach to Healthcare in Singapore today.
What is the approach to healthcare in Singapore today?
![Page 30: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Medisave• A certain amount of money
from people’s Central Provident Fund (CPF) is put into their Medisave account
• This money can be used to pay hospital bills and certain medical treatment when needed.
How is the Individual responsible for his own healthcare?
![Page 32: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
• Why Medisave?–Medisave encourages
Singaporeans to be responsible for their own health
– Government does not have to increase taxes, or take on the burden of healthcare in Singapore.
– Healthcare as a shared responsibility. How is the Individual responsible for his own healthcare?
![Page 33: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
• Brainstorm:
Is Medisave all good and sufficient?
How is the Individual responsible for his own healthcare?
![Page 34: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
• So.. Is Medisave enough?
Source A: A view by a heart specialist, Dr Charles Toh, on the medisave
scheme in 1983.
With Medisave, people would have to take care of themselves. Sometimes, the financial burden would be transferred to their children when a person cannot pay his hospital bill. Worse of all, what about the people who cannot pay their hospital bills?
![Page 35: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Is Medisave all good?
Source B: A comment by the retired and former Health Minister, Dr Toh Chin Chye, on the Medisave Scheme in 1983.
Healthcare is the responsibility of the government. It is the duty of the government to find ways of using taxpayers’ money to meet different objectives. Moreover, smaller companies would find it hard to bear additional costs arising from Medisave.
![Page 36: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Bad point: • Not all Singaporeans
make CPF contributions and therefore, do not have Medisave. –E.g. Tuition teachers,
self-employed Singaporeans.
How is the Individual responsible for his own healthcare?
![Page 37: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
MediShield • National healthcare insurance scheme• Medisave is used to pay for this scheme• Patients can make claims from
MediShield to pay for large hospital bills that Medisave does not cover.
How is the Individual responsible for his own healthcare?
MediSave STILL not enough..
Lucky got MediShield…
MediSave STILL not enough..
Lucky got MediShield…
![Page 39: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Why MediShield? • To help people who
require long-term treatment of more serious illnesses but are unable to pay for their hospitalization
How is the Individual responsible for his own healthcare?
![Page 40: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Is MediShield good?• Healthcare is made
more affordable• Needs of specific
groups of Singaporeans are catered to – Dependent on the
premiums you can pay
How is the Individual responsible for his own healthcare?
![Page 41: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Maintaining Good Health
• Stay strong and healthy by doing more exercises and eating right
• Save possible expenses on healthcare
How is the Individual responsible for his own healthcare?
![Page 42: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Summary• Medi-S2
–Medisave–MediShield
• Maintain good health
How is the Individual responsible for his own healthcare?
MS2
![Page 43: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Government’s approach to Healthcare in Singapore today.
What is the approach to healthcare in Singapore today?
![Page 44: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
• Government provides monetary aid to organizations that provide healthcare support services
How is the Community responsible for healthcare?
![Page 45: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
• Why?– The community
can provide some healthcare support services for Singaporeans.
– It is not possible for the government to run all healthcare services
How is the Community responsible for healthcare?
![Page 46: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
• Examples: – Voluntary welfare
organisations and private organisations are given money to run community hospitals, nursing homes and day rehabilitation centres for patients
How is the Community responsible for healthcare?
![Page 47: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Government’s approach to Healthcare in Singapore today.
What is the approach to healthcare in Singapore today?
![Page 48: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Government subsidies • Direct subsidies are given to government
hospitals, polyclinics and some nursing homes for the elderly
• Subsidies to lower classes of wards in hospitals (Class C) to help the needy
Why such subsidies?
• To ensure that basic healthcare services are available for all Singaporeans
How is the Government responsible for healthcare?
![Page 49: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Medifund• $200 million and the interest earned
from this fund, is given to public hospitals to provide help for needy patients
• Patients who need help can apply for this fund at the hospital
How is the Government responsible for healthcare?
![Page 50: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Why Medifund?• For Singaporeans who are unable
to afford healthcare despite Medisave, Medishield and government subsidies. –E.g. low-income workers, or self-
employed people.
How is the Government responsible for healthcare?
![Page 51: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
So… Is Medifund good?• Ensures that basic healthcare is
affordable for Singaporeans
How is the Government responsible for healthcare?
HURRAY FOR Medifund!!! HURRAY FOR Medifund!!!
![Page 52: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Through Medishield and Medisave
Note: Government’s role here is to encourage.
How is the Government responsible for healthcare?
![Page 53: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Why?• A healthy person will
not require medical treatment and therefore, he can save on medical expenses.
How is the Government responsible for healthcare?
![Page 54: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
• How?–Schools and workplaces
have programmes to emphasise on the need to maintain good health• E.g. physical education
classes in schools• E.g. posters to encourage
healthy eating in canteens
How is the Government responsible for healthcare?
![Page 55: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
How is the Government responsible for healthcare?
![Page 56: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Government’s approach to Healthcare in Singapore today.
What is the approach to healthcare in Singapore today?
![Page 57: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Is healthcare in Singapore affordable?
•Medisave helped patients who have little savings afford healthcare•Medishield and Medisave helped patients pay for part of hospital’s bill
YES!
![Page 58: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Is healthcare in Singapore affordable?
• Elderly who used to work but had no schemes to help them make compulsory savings – dependent on family members, community and government• People who are unable to work – dependent on government for their healthcare needs
NO!
![Page 59: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Is healthcare in Singapore successful?
• High quality of healthcare services• Increased life expectancy• Low infant mortality• Used only less than 3% of National Income • People are more aware of the need to be responsible for
their own healthcare – Medishield/ Medisave• Medifund for the needy• Community help/ services for the needy
YES!
![Page 60: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Is healthcare in Singapore successful?
•Old people without medisave/ insurance not able to afford healthcare services•Healthcare costs is continuing to rise• Still very much dependent on government subsidies
NO!
![Page 61: Case studies of healthcare in singapore and britain](https://reader037.vdocuments.site/reader037/viewer/2022110302/5479710bb4af9fef158b4812/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Government’s approach to Healthcare in Singapore today.
What is the approach to healthcare in Singapore today?