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ICPD at 15
Caribbean Subregional Expert Group Meeting
20-21 AugustAntigua and Barbuda
Taeke A. GjaltemaPetrina Lee Poy
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Draft Document
• Feed back• Tables updated:
– Tabulated overview (FA)– Indicators request (NSO)
• Input for Regional ICPD-meeting 7-8 October Santiago de Chile
• Third subregional report: 1998, 2003, 2009• ICPD+15: Dutch and English Caribbean (21
countries)
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ICPD
• International Conference on Population and Development 1994 Cairo
• Interrelationship between population growth and other areas of development
• sustainable economic development reducing population growth
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ICPD Plan of Action
• Population and Development not substitutes but complementary
• Integrated model of population change and sustainable development
• Individual choice central• Plan for People• Master Plans for Development
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ICPD Programme of Action: Key elements
• Universal Education• Reduction Infant and Child • Reduction Maternal Morality• Access to Reproductive and Sexual Health
Services including Family Planning• Gender equality and empowerment of women
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ICPD Programme of Action
• ICPD signed by all countries commitment• Commitment by government responsibility• Responsibility for improving lives of all inhabitants• Poverty reduction• Self-determination• Prevention of deaths of children and mothers• Prevention of HIV/AIDS & • Assuring healthy mothers, children, adolescents (and
fathers)
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Before ICPD and beyond
• Regional and subregional meetings• Progress meetings ICPD+5, ICPD+10, ICPD+15• Millennium Development Goals• Other Declarations, Conventions, PoA e.g.:
– Universal Declaration of Human Rights– Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women– Beijing Plan of Action– Rights of the Child– International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant
Workers and their Families– Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities– Vienna International Plan of Ageing & Madrid Plan of Action on Aging
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ICPD/15
Caribbean Subregional Meeting to Assess the Implementation of the Programme of Action of the ICPD 15 Years After its Adoption
• Review and Appraisal– Achievements made to date– Acknowledge gaps and challenges– Recommendations for accelerated progress
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Overview
• Context• Population and sustainable development• Migration• Ageing• Crises
• Reproductive Health Care• Sexual and Reproductive Rights• HIV/AIDS• Gender Equality, Equity and Empowerment of Women• Connection productive and reproductive work
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Context: Population Trends
• Population: small countries• Population: slowing growth• Fertility: declined• Life expectancies: relatively high, but
stagnating in some countries• HIV/AIDS: prevalence rates high in some
countries• Migration: negative net-migration
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Context: Population
Total Population 2009 (x1000) 2 719
1 339
762
520
342 307 256 198 172 110 109 107 104 88 67 56 52 33 23 15 6 0
500
1 000
1 500
2 000
2 500
3 000
JAM
TTO
GU
Y
SU
R
BH
S
BLZ
BR
B
AN
T
LCA
VIR
VC
T
AB
W
GR
D
ATG
DM
A
CYM
KN
A
TCA
VG
B
AIA
MS
R
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Population Change
Total population and population growth Caribbean (21 countries)
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
7500
8000
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 20250
2
4
6
8
10
12
(qui
nque
nnia
l gro
wth
rate
)
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Population Change (from 1995)
Change Total Population (1995 = 1)
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Antigua andBarbudaBarbados
Belize
CaymanIslandsGuyana
Montserrat
NetherlandsAntillesSaint Kitts andNevisTrinidad andTobagoCaribbean
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TFR
TFR
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1950-1955
1955-1960
1960-1965
1965-1970
1970-1975
1975-1980
1980-1985
1985-1990
1990-1995
1995-2000
2000-2005
2005-2010
Aruba
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Grenada
Guyana
Jamaica
NetherlandsAntillesSaint Lucia
St Vincent &GrenadinesSuriname
Trinidad andTobagoUS VirginIslands
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Age Dependency
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
OldYoung
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Age Dependency
Antigua and Barbuda
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
oldyoung
Belize
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
oldyoung
US Virgin Islands
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
oldyoung
Trinidad and Tobago
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
oldyoung
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Context: Economy
• Most countries higher-income or upper-middle income countries
Despite:• Small economies• Small domestic markets• Insularity and isolation• Brain Drain
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Context: Economy
• High-income:– Anguilla– Antigua & Barbuda– Aruba– Bahamas– Barbados– British Virgin Islands– Cayman Islands– Netherlands Antilles– Trinidad and Tobago– Turks and Caicos Islands– US Virgin Islands
• Upper-Middle Income:– Dominica– Grenada– Jamaica– Saint Kitts and Nevis– Saint Lucia– St Vincent & Grenadines– Suriname
• Lower-Middle Income:– Belize– Guyana
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Context: Economy
• Agricultural sector limited (except Guyana, Belize & Dominica)
• Unemployment in moderate to high (youth unemployment very high)
• Limited internal trade• Most countries heavily indebted (Debt/GDP
ratio, Fiscal & current account deficit )
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Public debt as % of GDP
External Internal TotalSaint Kitts and Nevis 57.2 113.1 170.3Jamaica 48.7 58.1 106.8Grenada 78.5 27.8 106.4Guyana 72.0 31.8 103.8Barbados 26.7 72.0 98.7Dominica 66.6 26.7 93.2Antigua and Barbuda 38.9 49.1 88.0Belize 68.9 12.0 80.9Netherlands Antilles 11.4 68.9 80.2Saint Lucia 37.1 33.0 70.2St Vincent & Grenadines 39.4 29.9 69.2Aruba 21.4 20.6 42.0Bahamas 5.6 35.6 41.2Suriname 20.8 12.7 33.5Anguilla 6.4 16.6 23.0Trinidad and Tobago 5.8 9.7 15.5Montserrat 6.8 1.4 8.2
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Context: Social
• HDI: Most countries high human development• Poverty: 1/5 to 2/3 below national poverty lines• Income differentials relatively high• Epidemiological transition: chronic non-
communicable diseases• (increasing) Violence concern• Public Health: general access but quality concern• Disability: infrastructure limited• Education: relatively high, drop-outs concern
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Context: Social
Population living below National Poverty Line (%)
66Suriname21Trinidad and Tobago
29Saint Lucia19Jamaica35Guyana40Dominica34Belize
18Antigua and Barbuda
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Population and Sustainable Development
• Integration population policies and development strategies
• Challenge: integration of existing policies– Interrelatedness of various policy plans– Communication and sharing information
• Timely data, evaluation, analyses• Environmental protection:
– Assets: quality of life, recreation and tourism– Impact: negative effects on population
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Interrelatedness of policy plans
• Ageing:– Social Development– Health– Gender– Disaster planning– Disability– Planning department– Housing
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Migration
• Address root causes of migration• Re-integration• Impact Multi-dimensional and complex• Data availability limited• Brain Drain (limited brain gain)• Remittances• No comprehensive policies or programmes• Towards free movement or more restrictive?• Undocumented Migrants and Trafficking
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Ageing and Older Persons
• National Policies• Self-reliance of older persons• Economic and Social Security• Social Pensions and Contributory Systems• Demographic Dividend• Assistance and Health Care
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Emerging Issues
• Food, Energy, Financial-economic Crises– Food security– Energy dependency– Debts, fiscal & current account deficits, balance of
trade• Climate change• Disaster relieve
– Preparedness, mitigation and post-disaster– Vulnerable groups
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Part II
• Context• Migration• Ageing• Crises
• Reproductive Health Care• Sexual and Reproductive Rights• HIV/AIDS• Gender Equality, Equity and Empowerment of
Women• Connection productive and reproductive work
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ICPD at 15
Caribbean Subregional Expert Group Meeting
20-21 AugustAntigua and Barbuda
Taeke A. GjaltemaPetrina Lee Poy