Download - Business Enviornment - Copy.pptx
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Business is the organized eforts o enterprises tosupply consumers with goods and services or aprot
What is Business???
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Classication o Business %nviornment
2+%3ternal ( "acro
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External Environment
• 4ncludes all actors outside the organizationwhich provide opportunities or pose threatsto the organization
• 5ncontrolla*le actors
• Consists of Macro and Microenvironment
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"acro %nvironment
It comprises general trends andforces that may not immediately
aect the organization butsooner or later ill alter the ayorganization operates!
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"icro %nvironment
"It consists of the factors in thecompany#s immediate environment
that aect the performance of thecompany$!
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Internal Environment
6eers to all the actors that are within an organization which
impart strengths or cause ea%nesses of strategic nature+
Controlla*le actors+ .hese include7
8alue system
"ission and ,*9ectives
"anagement tructure and :ature
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Components of InternalEnvironment
;uman 6esources
Company 4mage and Brand %
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&vervie of Business Environment
MACRO ENVIRONMENT
ECONOMICEnvironment
MICRO ENVIRONMENT
BUSINESS
Internal Environment
Values,Mission & Objectives
!uman Resources,Co Ima"e & Bran# E$uit%
TEC!NOO'ICA(ACTORS
MAR)ETIN'INTERME*IARIES
*EMO'RA+!IC(ACTORS
SOCIACUTURA(ACTORS
'on ( Economic
Environment
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Environmental )nalysis
%nvironmental canning
.he process *y which organizations monitortheir opportunities and threats afecting
their *usiness is #nown as environmentalscanning
W,. )nalysis
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• *as% Environment o an organizationis the environment which directly afects
the organization rom attaining *usinessgoals+
• 4t is the set o conditions originating
rom suppliers distri*utors customersand competitors which directly afectsthe organization rom achieving itsgoals+
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%3amples o how tas# environmental actors in0uencethe *usiness
Customers
• Customers decide the ate o any company and hence companies try their level*est to lure them+
+uppliers
• uppliers have high *argaining power i the raw materials *eing supplied are
rare or i there are less num*er o suppliers in the mar#et+
• o it@s important to hold on the suppliers and maintain good relationship withthem+
•
)cting intelligently companies oten maintain more num*er o suppliers toreduce ris# o deserting *y anyone+
Wholesalers , -etailers
• .hey play a vital role in a tas# environment+
Competitors
• >irect competitors ' 4ndirect Competitors
• %+g+ Pharmaceutical Companies• ;ealth clu*s !yms
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• Characteristics of BusinessEnvironment
• 4nterrelatedness ) change in one element can cause
changes in others
e+g+ ocial pressures led to anti pollutionlaws
( 4n >elhi new registrations o the 58s
a*ove A cc capacity are *anned• i+e+ ;igh %nd diesel cars
• ;igher prices o >iesel leads
to increase in prices o the
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A+ 8olatility
5npredicta*le shits in the economy
6apid changes in the customer preerences
6apidly changing technology
;ence *usiness environment is volatile
+ Comple3ity
=irms reependence
.he e3tent to which an organization is dependent on itsenvironment+
.he degree o dependence depends upon theorganization@s need or vital resources rom outside+
e+g+ ) rm re
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• 5ncertainty
• .he *usiness environment is less
predicta*le• >ecision ma#ing *ecomes diGcult due
to environmental uncertainty+
.he *usiness environment is moreuncertain ' unpredicta*le due to
6apid changes
4nterrelatedness *etween its variouscomponents
6esources constraints
%nvironmental uncertainty is due to its
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=actors afecting 4nternal %nvironment
• ,*9ectives o the rm
• What are the goals o the company ?
e+g+ ales Prot ' !rowth o*9ectives
,rganizational 6esources
2+=inancial 6esources
a+ )c
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A+Physical resources
a+Plant
%Gciency o the mg+ plantWarehouses
,Gce *uildings
*+ $ocation o the plantCloseness to the suppliers consumer
mar#ets
)ccessi*ility to the transportation)vaila*ility o la*ors
c+6aw material resources
)vaila*ility
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+ ;uman 6esources ( People
People are the #ey resource or any *usiness rm
cientists
%ngineers
Computer operators
Proessional managers
a+ )*ilitiesDnowledge ' s#ills o the employees
=ullling training needs o the employees ordevelopment
*+ :eeds
Weather *usiness org+ is ta#ing care ' satisyingindividual personal needs to #eep them highly
motivated ?
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c+ )ptitudes
) person@s potential capacity to perorm certain tas#+
5nless people with the right aptitude are selected training will *e a waste+
d+ %3pectations
)*ility o management to ulll the reasona*le e3pectations o theemployees
e+ Perceptions
Perceptions o the employees strongly in0uence their e3pectation'*ehavior+
+ )ttitudes
4t means li#es ' disli#es
)ttitude afects the perceptions ' *ehavior o the people
)ttitude o the employee towards the wor# in0uence the perormance atwor#
H+ 8alues
8alues are general *elie a*out what is good or *ad
right or wrong
%thics "orality
$eadership styles also in0uence the *ehavior ' perormance o the peoplein an organization+
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F+ystem and .echnological resources
.his is related to the manner in which
the goods ' services are produced+ .echnology
a+ ystem capa*ilities 7
6eer to the process aspect&uality control
6eward policies
>istri*ution system
,rganizational structure
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*+.echnological Capa*ilities
.echnology includes com*ination o s#ills e
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=actors afecting %3ternal %nvironment
%conomic =actors
a+ %conomic conditions*+%conomic policies
c+ %conomic ystems
a! Economic conditionsChanges in demand pattern
e+g+
>eveloped %conomy 7 >emand or lu3ury goodsis more ;igh spending power o the people
>eveloping %conomy7 People are willing to *uylu3urious goods at lower costs+
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b!Economic policies
Economic policies are decided by thegovernment!
*hey have great impact on the businesses!
e!g! Monetary , .iscal policies
e+g+ 6estrictive import policy is *enecial or
protecting domestic industries+ While additional incentives to e3porters will
*oost the e3port oriented *usinesses+
e+g+ Banning e3ports o agricultural commodityli#e onion sugar have great impact on therespective *usinesses+
e+g+ =le3i*le =>4 policy will *e having adverse
efect on the domestic industry+
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c! Economic +ystems
=ree "ar#et %conomy or Capitalist
ystem do not utilize price controls or su*sidies
and preer less regulation o industry
and production+• "ar#et decisions rely on supply and
demand or pricing+
• "ar#et economies are *ased onconsumers and their *uying decisionsrather than under government control+
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• Command E6estrictiveE Planned economy(Communism
• .he government controls all economic activity+ 4n a
government-directed economy the mar#et playslittle to no role in production decisions+
• .hey are less 0e3i*le than mar#et economies andreact slower to changes in consumer purchasing
patterns and 0uctuations in supply and demand+&ther /ey 0ariables1Indicators
• 4n0ation
• 4nterest 6ates
• !>P
• toc# "ar#et
• Currency %3change 6ate
• Balance o Payments
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• "i3ed %conomy
• ) mi3ed economy com*ines
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• A+ Political =actors
• !overnment is *elonging to the political parties
•
CountryIs economic legal policies arein0uenced *y leading political parties+
• .here has to *e perect coordination *etweenthe govt+ ' the *usiness community+
• Business community should actively participatein policy ma#ing process *y advising givingnecessary suggestions inormation to thegovt+
Political in0uence may afect the prospects othe *usiness+
Business should not adopt malpractices in order
to grow ' survive+
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+$egal actors
$egal ramewor# or the *usinesses is created *y
govt+
e+g+ Consumer protection act
"inimum wages act
Wor#man@s compensation act
"6.P )ct ( "onopolistic 6estrictive .radePractices
4ncome .a3 )ct
Company )ct
%ssential Commodity )ct etc
.oo stringent legal structure afects the growth '
survival o the *usinesses+
4t should *e easy to understand ' operate
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F+;uman =actors
Pu*lic 6elations
• C6• ocial contri*utions
.o ensure the positive image ' the
rwputation o the companye+g+ .).) 7 Cancer ;ospital
>onations *y the corporate houses
to Prime "inister 6elie =und( :atural Calamities
:>.8 7 ave .iger "ission
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J+Cultural =actors
Culture is dominated *y religion and customs+
4ndia is having everal customs ' traditions+
.he *usiness is or the society ' the society@sconsumption pattern is greatly afected *y itsculture+
K+ 4nternational =actors!lo*al *usiness environment
4mport ' e3port rules ' regulations o eachcountry
eparate ta3 ' tarif rules
Political sta*ility worldwide
Wars
!lo*al recession
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H+ .echnological =actors
.echnology contri*utes towards the
success growth ' eGciency o the*usiness+
6apid changes in the technology
e+ g+4nnovations in communicationtechnology
.echnological changes in the automo*ile
industry+5se o the latest technology is essential
or *usinesses to survive to succeed+
Positive as well as negative efects
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L+ :atural =actorsPlays vital role in the success ' the growth o the *usiness
)vaila*ility o $and Water 6aw "aterial
=avora*le climatic conditions%+!+ )griculture sector
Cultiva*le land
4rrigation ascillities
"ining industry
e+g+ Coal mines 7 uGcint resources o coal
)luminum "anuacturing 4ndustry
uGcient resources o Bau3ite ( ore is needed
%astern "aharashtra 7 Cotton grown region
.e3tile 4ndustry is dominant+
Western "aharashtra 7 ugarcane grown region
ugar 4ndustry is dominant
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M+ ocial =actors
Business has to wor# or the society ' in thesociety
)spirations demands o the society need to *eloo#ed ater *y the *usiness+
&uality products ' services at the reasona*le
prices%cological *alance has to *e maintained *y the
*usiness community
Businesses improve the lie style
=ocus on reducing consumer dissatisaction levels
)voiding unair practices in the *usiness
Building social awareness
2 > hi =
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2+>emographic =actors
Population
)ge Composition
!ender4ncome
=amily ize
%ducational $evels
,ccupatione+g+ >iscount retailers tend to ocus more on lower-to-middle income earners *y emphasizing value aforda*ilityor low-cost products and services or people on a *udget+
W)$-")6. - %>$P
;igh-end retailers commonly target customers with higher-level incomes ( hoppers top
e+g+ "a9or occupation in rural 4ndia is =arming
hence it is a most attractive mar#et or the products li#e
.ractors =ertilizers Pesticides eeds etc
Ch t A
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Chapter APro*lems o !rowth
!rowth is a sign o dynamicorganization
!rowth can *e measured *y theincrease in sales prots production+
4 a *usiness does not grow it will *ediGcult or it to survive in the long run+
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=eatures o !rowth
• 2radual , Continuous process
•
%ssential or prots ' survival• )chievement through expansion 3 diversi4cation
and merger
• !rowth is a sign o an active and living organization
• Important ob5ective of business
• .o ensure growth optimum utilization o resources is must
• Measurement of 2roth
• !rowth can *e measured
•
( 4ncrease in sales Prots Production o an enterprise• 0isibility
• !rowth is visi*le
• ( 4ncrease in sales Prots Production o an enterprise
0 l f )
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• 0alue of )ssets
• !rowing value o assets
• *otal number of or%ers employed
• But this indicator may not *e accurate
• %+g+ =irm having $a*or 4ntensive method '
• =irm having capital intensive methods may
have same rate o growth
6uantity of poer , materials used
)n increase in the consumption o power
material water etc *y a rm is an indicatoro its growth+
$imitations 7 4ncrease might *e due to wastage' ineGcient use o these materials+
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0olume of &utput
4ncrease in production
0alue of output 4 a rm@s value o output has
continuously increased due to a specic
period a rm is said to *e growing+ $imitation 7 .he volume o output may
remain same *ut the value may
increase due to increase in the pricelevel+
;ere the increase in the value o output
does not indicate the real growth o the
0ol me of +ale
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0olume of +ale
4ncrease in volume o sales is an indicator o growth
8olume o sales is more important than the volume o output
)n increase in volume o output will *e useless without acorresponding increase in total sales+
ales are *etter indicator than output+
*otal pro4t earned
.he total prot increases with increase in sales
;owever sometimes a rm may increase price per unit whichlead to increases prots+ But the overall output may *esame as *eore+
Capacity of plant
) rm may raise its plant@s production capacity or add a newplant or higher production+
Consumption of resources
)n increase in the annual consumption o resources li#e rawmaterial electricity etc+ indicates that the rm is growing+
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trategies =or !rowth o Business
7!Internal 2roth +trategies
When strategies that *ring growthrom Nwithin@ the enterprise +
)!Expansion
B! 8iversi4cation9orizontal
0ertical
Concentrate
Conglomerate
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A+%3ternal !rowth trategies
"erger
)malgamation)c
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7!Internal 2roth +trategies
)!Expansion
Business e3pansion reers to raisingthe mar#et share sales revenue andprot o the rm+
•. Mar%et penetration•. Mar%et 8evelopment
•. :roduct 8evelopment
*o mar%et existing products in nemar%ets
'e :roducts in existing mar%ets
)chieving economies of +cale
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B! 8iversi4cation• Concentric
• Concentric diversication involves adding newproducts or services that are related to your currentoferings+
• Concentric diversity aims or synergy
• %+g+
M,M
.ractor *usiness
58s *usiness
.wo Wheelers *usiness()utomo*ile 4ndustry
Colgate ; *oothpaste3 *ooth brush3 Mouth ash
< 8ental Care segment=
C l t di i4 ti
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• Conglomerate diversi4cation;
• When a rm diversies into *usiness which is not related to its e3isting*usiness it is called conglomerate diversication+
• 4t reers to diversication *y entering entirely new and unrelated lines
o *usiness+• 4t involves totally a new area o *usiness+ .here is no relation *etween
the new product and the e3isting product+
4n *usiness a conglomerate is a company involved in multiple lineso *usiness+
e+g+
• -eliance Big *0
• -eliance Communication
• -eliance 8igital
• -eliance Capital
•
.ata "otors• .ata Chemicals
• .ata Communication
• .ata Consultancy ervices
• .ata teel
•
.his strategy helps to reduce ris# in the *usiness+
9 i l 8i i4 i
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• 9orizontal 8iversi4cation
• .his diversication strategy involves thecreation o products that may not *e directlyrelated to current products ofered toconsumers *ut that are highly li#ely to stillappeal to the company@s e3isting client *ase+
• 4t involves addition o parallel products to thee3isting product line+
• ) company manuacturing rerigerator mayenter into manuacturing air conditioners+
• %+g+ ) retail organization involved in selling
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Bac%ard integration;
• 4n *ac#ward integration the company e3pands its *usinessactivities in such a way that it moves *ac#ward o itspresent line o *usiness+
• Example;• >espite o *eing the leaders in .e3tiles to strengthen his
Position >hiru*hai )m*ani decided to integrate *ac#wardsand produce *res+
• ii! .orard integration;
• 4n orward integration the company e3pands its activities insuch a way that it moves ahead o its present line o*usiness+
• Example;
• :ew ealand *ased :atural health care products companyComvita purchased its ;ong Dong distri*utor !reen $ie $td+)nd thus achieved orward integration *y having access togreenlie@s retail stores sales staf and in store promoters+
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• )n e3ample would *e a supermar#etrm that instead o contracting with
reight companies purchases its owntruc#s and distri*ution acilities that ituses to get ood items and household
products out to its various locations+
A %3ternal !rowth trategies
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A+%3ternal !rowth trategies
"erger
• "erger is usion o two or more entities and it is a processin which the identity o one or more entities is lost+
• "erger reers to a riendly 9oining together o twoorganizations
• "ergers are usually *ased on the core competencies orms+
• )c
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>oint 0enture
• ) contractual agreement 9oining together two ormore parties or the purpose o e3ecuting a particular*usiness underta#ing+
• )ll parties agree to share in the prots and losses o theenterprise+
• Example
• +ony(Ericsson is a 9oint venture
• Oapanese consumer electronics company onyCorporation and
• wedish telecommunications company Ericsson toma#e mo*ile phones+
• .he reason or this venture is to com*ine onyIsconsumer electronics e3pertise with %ricssonIstechnological leadership in the communications sector+
• Both companies have stopped ma#ing their own mo*ile
phones+
• /Centurion *an# o Pun9a*1 is merged
http://www.investorwords.com/9295/contractual.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/19249/agreement.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/623/business.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/8794/agree.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/4525/share.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/3880/profit.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/1710/enterprise.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/1710/enterprise.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/3880/profit.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/4525/share.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/8794/agree.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/623/business.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/19249/agreement.htmlhttp://www.investorwords.com/9295/contractual.html
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• Centurion *an# o Pun9a* is mergedwith /;>=C *an#1
•
*ata +teels )cuired Corus3&ctober @AA8eal size; 7@!D billion3 Country;Fnited /ingdom
• *&MC& merged ith 9FG
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• 4n amalgamation two or morecompanies 9oin orces to orm a single
entity+• )malgamation is *lending together o
two or more *usiness entities in aashion that *oth lose their identitiesand a new separate entity is *orn+
• %3ample
4 t l ! th t t i
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• 4nternal !rowth trategies aredeensive in nature+
• .hey ensure survival ' progress inplanned manner ensuring sta*ility ande3pansion o the enterprise+
• %3ternal !rowth trategies areofensive in nature+
•
5seul in order to achieve signicantmar#et share growth ' prot+
Fnemployment
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Fnemployment
4t is a situation when any one who is
not gainully employed in a productiveactivity+
)n unemployed person is one who is
see#ing any wor# or wages *ut isuna*le to nd any 9o* suited to hiscapacity+
5nemployment is oten used as ameasure o the health o the economy+
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+tructural Fnemployment
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when wor#ers loose their 9o*s *ecause their s#ills are o*solete or *ecause their 9o*s are transerred to other countries then they are structurally unemployed+
.here is a mismatch *etween the s#ills o the unemployed wor#ers and thes#ills needed or the 9o*s that are availa*le+
tructural unemployment occurs when a la*or mar#et is una*le to provide 9o*s oreveryone who wants one *ecause there is a mismatch *etween the s#ills o theunemployed wor#ers and the s#ills needed or the availa*le 9o*s+
-easons
"a9or advances in technology
=inding lower cost o la*ors overseas
+easonal Fnemployment
&ccurs hen there is limited need for a speci4c type of or% to beperformed during a certain time of the year!
4ndustries where seasonal unemployment is common include arming tourism etc
sugar mills and rice mills in which production activities are seasonal innature+ o they ofer employment or only a certain period o time in a year+
4nvoluntary 5nemployment
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4nvoluntary 5nemployment
• .his is when people are una*le to wor#
*ecause there are insuGcient 9o*savaila*le in an economy+
8oluntary 5nemployment
4n every society there are some people
who are unwilling to wor# at theprevailing wage rate+
8isguised unemployment
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8isguised unemployment+
When people do not have productive
ull-time employment+
%3ample
People doing part-time wor#+People orced to ta#e early retirement and
redundancy
• Casual Fnemployment;
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Casual Fnemployment;
• 4n industries such as *uilding construction cateringor agriculture where wor#ers are employed on a
day- to-day *asis there are chances o casualunemployment occurring due to short-termcontracts which are termina*le any time+
• *echnological Fnemployment
• ) #ind o structural unemployment may ta#e placein an economy as a result o technologicalimprovement+ uch unemployment may *edescri*ed as technological unemployment+ >ue to
the introduction o new machinery improvement inmethods o production la*our-saving devices etc+some wor#ers tend to *e replaced *y machines+
.heir unemployment is termed as /technologicalunemployment+1
• 4n most underdevelopedEdeveloping
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• 4n most underdevelopedEdevelopingcountries 5nemployment can *e o
ma9or types+• ,pen 5nemployment
• 4t reers to a situation where large no+ o
la*or orce does not get employmentopportunities that may yield themregular income+
• .he wor#ers have willingness anda*ility to wor# *ut they are not gettingthe 9o*+
• >ue to lac# o capital resources+
•
@!8isguised Fnemployment
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@!8isguised Fnemployment
• When people do not have productive ull-timeemployment+
• >isguised unemployment is *asically due tohigh population pressure in a particular sectorand lac# o alternative 9o* opportunities+
• disguised unemployment may also *e oundamong wor#ers employed on a wage *asis+
• 8ery common in 6ural 4ndia+ ( )griculturesector
• )lso 4ndustrially developed countries maysufer due to cyclical unemployment( slowdown o *usiness cycle recession
• 5nderemployment
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• 5nderemployment
• 4t can *e dened in two ways+
a+ ) situation where a wor#er does not getthe type o wor# he is capa*le o doing+
;e has the a*ilities ' can yield greater
income *ut he is denied the opportunitydue to the lac# o suita*le 9o*+
*+ ) wor#er does not get suGcient wor#
load to get him a*sor*ed as a ull timeemployee+ ( easonal unemployment
• :ature o 5nemployment in 4ndia
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:ature o 5nemployment in 4ndia
• HR population lives in rural 4ndia+
• .hey are directly or indirectly dependant on the
agricultural sector ( )griculture ' allied activities li#edairy poultry arming etc
• >isguised unemployment is dominant in rural sector( 6ural unemployment
• Both unemployment ' underemployment e3ist inrural 4ndia+
• =arming is a ma9or occupation
• >ecline o handicrats ' village cottage industries
• low development o advanced cultivation practices• )*sence o alternative occupation
• 4ntroduction o agricultural machinery leads topro*lem o more no+ o unutilized la*or or disguised
unemployment+
Pro*lem o seasonal unemployment leads
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Pro*lem o seasonal unemployment leadsto underemployment situation+
$ac# o irrigation acilities;ence rural unemployment ischaracterized *y the e3istence ounderemployment in the orm odisguised unemployment and seasonalunemployment+
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• %ducated unemployment or White Caller
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%ducated unemployment or White Caller5nemployment
•
4n the ur*an areas+• .he rate o unemployment is higher
among the educated than among theuneducated people+
• 2MK27 .otal educated unemploymentJ+HM lacs
• 2MH2 7 AA+M lacs
• 2ML7 A22 lacs
• Causes o 5nemployment
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p y
2+ Bac#ward )griculture
"ethod o techni
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p os e popu a o g o
2+A *n population
Poverty
5nderdeveloped ' developing countries havehigher level o poverty+
4nadeeective employment
planning"ore emphasis on capital intensive techni
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y g
.he traditional handicrat was the main source o
employment or village cratsman artisans as
well as non agricultural wor#ers+ .hese *usinesses got hampered due to machine
made goods+
6egional disparities
$ac# o *alanced inrastructural ' industrialdevelopment across the various regions+
M+ >eective education system
$ac#s in developing manpower according to themanpower re
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22+$ac# o vocational guidance ' training acilities
.echnical training 9o* oriented courses are reeective social system e+g+ lac# o importance o education amily planning
2F+ "iscellaneous reasons 7
>ecline in e3ports
5nderutilization o capacitylow growth o 4
$ac# o raw material power availa*ility
$ac# o inrastructural acilities
• "easures or the eradication o unemployment '
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!overnment Policy
2+ 6apid 4ndustrialization
• %3pansion o e3isting ' the development o newindustries +
A+ 6econstruction o )griculture
"a9or occupation in 4ndia is arming+
.as# o converting arming as a highly prota*leoccupation+
%nsure the use o improved methods o cultivation
%nsuring 2R 4rrigation across all agricultural land
%fective water management
4mproving the production o agricultural comodities
)*sor*ing the surplus wor#orce in agriculture sector
in other trade ' industries+
• )doption of labor intensive techniues
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• )doption of labor intensive techniues
• ( =or production
•
-eorientation of education system• Oo* oriented
• Proessional courses
• #ill development courses etc
• Control over population
• K+ %ncouragement to small enterprises
• =or *oosting sel employment
%ntrepreneurship+• "a#ing availa*le li*eral nance technical
training inrastructural acilities ' mar#etingsupport
• 6ural >evelopment chemes
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6ural >evelopment chemes
• 6ural ' agriculture developmentschemesEinvestments
• 4ncreasing investments in rural sector+
• !uiding Centers ' more employmente3changes
• >ecentralization• $ac# o proper opportunities o employment
in villages ' small towns has led to themigration o people to ur*an areas or 9o*s+
• .his has resulted in the pro*lem o overcrowdedness ' ur*anization+
• ;ence it is re
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4n the rural areas
4n the areas o education ' health
!overnment Policy "easures
:ational 6ural %mployment Programme( :6%P
.raining 6ural Touth =or el %mployment
( .6T%"mall =armers >evelopment )gency (=>)
>rought Prone )rea Programme (>P)P
4ntegrated 6ural >evelopment Programme( 46>P
Oawahar 6ozgar To9na( O6T
"ahatma !andhi :ational 6ural %mployment!uarantee )ct( "!:6%!)
) new deal or el %mployment
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) new deal or el %mployment
• Pu*lic 4nstitutions can provide assistance or selemployment with respect to
• .raining
• Credit
• "ar#eting
• !eneral guidance or starting own ventures• .raining Programmes
• 4nitiative o .6T%" ( .he :ational cheme o .raining 6ural Touth or el %mployment
• =or matriculates ( C
• "anagement accounting "ar#eting
• hort training courses *y ;andicrat Board >airy
>evelopment Board
Credit =acilities
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=inance *y commercial *an#s
"ar#eting =ascilities
Providing support to the 4 in mar#eting
"ar#et research
ales Promotion
!uidance
"any unemployed persons are unaware othe various acilities availa*le or starting
their own ventures+ .he university employment *ureaus
%mployment e3changes provide the
guidance+
,ther "easures
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,ther "easures
) large no+ o ur*an sel-employed
consists o petty vendors tradershaw#ers home *ased producers+
.he ollowing steps will *e ta#en to assist
such persons+"unicipal Corporations will survey thepopulation o sel employed wor#ers *ytheir occupation+
>etermine their *asic minimum needs
Providing wor# sheds within industrialt t