Download - Biochemistry ii
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The Chemistry of LifeThe Chemistry of Life(Part II)(Part II)
Presented By:Mrs. Nelson
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Chemistry of CarbonChemistry of Carbon
Can form four bonds.
Basis of “organic compounds.”
Compounds that contain carbon
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Which is organic?
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““Organic Compounds” All living things are composed of
four types of organic compounds.1. Carbohydrates2. Lipids3. Proteins4. Nucleic Acids
* Each organic molecule is made of different “subunits.”
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What are carbohydrates?
Subunit = sugarSugars are made
of C,H, and O in a 1:2:1 ratio.
The more “C’s,” the more energy in the sugar.
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3 Kinds of 3 Kinds of Carbohydrates
Simple Sugars 1) Monosaccharides – “single
sugar”ex) Glucose and fructose
2)Disaccharides- “double sugar”ex) sucrose
-Both are a short term energy source
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3 Kinds of Carbohydrates (cont.)Complex sugars3) Polysaccharides
- long chains of three or more sugars-“Long term” energy storage.- Ex.) Starch (potatoes, corn, wheat,
rice) Cellulose (found in plant cell
walls)
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“Lipids”Elements C,H, ONot soluble in
water.Subunit = fatty
acid and glycerol.
Fats, oils, waxes.
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Types of Lipids
Saturated- solid at room temperature
ex) butter, fat on meatUnsaturated- liquid room
temperature ex) cooking oil Diets high in saturated fats lead to
heart disease
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glycerolFatty acid chain
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Double bonds!
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“Importance of Lipids”
Long term energy storage. Contain much more energy than carbs.
Major component of cell membranes.Sex hormones.
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Proteins Contain C, H, O, and
N. Subunit- amino acid Two types of
proteins Food proteins vs. cell
proteins1) Hemoglobin-blood2) Collagen-skin
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Function of Proteins There are many different functions of proteins.1. Structural component of organisms.
- Collagen: Gives strength to skin.- Keratin: Composes hair and nails.- Hemoglobin: Found in blood.
2. Act as Enzymes.- Catalysts that speed up reactions in the body.Ex.) Amylase – found in saliva. Helps break down food in the mouth.
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Nucleic Acids Contain C, H, O,
N, and PTwo types: DNA,
RNASubunit-
NucleotideFunction- genetic
information