biochemistry ii
TRANSCRIPT
The Chemistry of LifeThe Chemistry of Life(Part II)(Part II)
Presented By:Mrs. Nelson
Chemistry of CarbonChemistry of Carbon
Can form four bonds.
Basis of “organic compounds.”
Compounds that contain carbon
Which is organic?
““Organic Compounds” All living things are composed of
four types of organic compounds.1. Carbohydrates2. Lipids3. Proteins4. Nucleic Acids
* Each organic molecule is made of different “subunits.”
What are carbohydrates?
Subunit = sugarSugars are made
of C,H, and O in a 1:2:1 ratio.
The more “C’s,” the more energy in the sugar.
3 Kinds of 3 Kinds of Carbohydrates
Simple Sugars 1) Monosaccharides – “single
sugar”ex) Glucose and fructose
2)Disaccharides- “double sugar”ex) sucrose
-Both are a short term energy source
3 Kinds of Carbohydrates (cont.)Complex sugars3) Polysaccharides
- long chains of three or more sugars-“Long term” energy storage.- Ex.) Starch (potatoes, corn, wheat,
rice) Cellulose (found in plant cell
walls)
“Lipids”Elements C,H, ONot soluble in
water.Subunit = fatty
acid and glycerol.
Fats, oils, waxes.
Types of Lipids
Saturated- solid at room temperature
ex) butter, fat on meatUnsaturated- liquid room
temperature ex) cooking oil Diets high in saturated fats lead to
heart disease
glycerolFatty acid chain
Double bonds!
“Importance of Lipids”
Long term energy storage. Contain much more energy than carbs.
Major component of cell membranes.Sex hormones.
Proteins Contain C, H, O, and
N. Subunit- amino acid Two types of
proteins Food proteins vs. cell
proteins1) Hemoglobin-blood2) Collagen-skin
Function of Proteins There are many different functions of proteins.1. Structural component of organisms.
- Collagen: Gives strength to skin.- Keratin: Composes hair and nails.- Hemoglobin: Found in blood.
2. Act as Enzymes.- Catalysts that speed up reactions in the body.Ex.) Amylase – found in saliva. Helps break down food in the mouth.
Nucleic Acids Contain C, H, O,
N, and PTwo types: DNA,
RNASubunit-
NucleotideFunction- genetic
information