Download - Bio Piracy
Biological PiracyBiological Piracy
Joanna Lim and Kal PeraltaJoanna Lim and Kal Peralta
IntroductionIntroduction
Biological Piracy or Biopiracy for Biological Piracy or Biopiracy for short is no different from DVD short is no different from DVD pirating. Before, there were no pirating. Before, there were no territorial disputes and there were territorial disputes and there were no laws concerning the ownership of no laws concerning the ownership of biological resources. Because of this, biological resources. Because of this, stealing of biological material stealing of biological material increased.increased.
Definition of TermsDefinition of Terms
Biopiracy- the illegal use or Biopiracy- the illegal use or commercialization of biological objectscommercialization of biological objects
Bioprospecting- collecting of biological Bioprospecting- collecting of biological resources for scientific knowledgeresources for scientific knowledge
Biological Theft- illegal collection of Biological Theft- illegal collection of biological materials by corporations biological materials by corporations which patent them for their own usewhich patent them for their own use
Definition of TermsDefinition of Terms
Patent- exclusive right given by the Patent- exclusive right given by the government to the inventor to government to the inventor to manufacture, use or sell an invention manufacture, use or sell an invention for a couple of yearsfor a couple of years
Biodiversity- the number and variety of Biodiversity- the number and variety of organisms found in an environmentorganisms found in an environment
Privatization- the change from public to Privatization- the change from public to private ownership or controlprivate ownership or control
Definition of TermsDefinition of Terms
Bioprospectors- people who prospects Bioprospectors- people who prospects for biological materialsfor biological materials
Biopirate- a person who uses or Biopirate- a person who uses or reproduces the work of an inventor reproduces the work of an inventor without authorizationwithout authorization
Monoculture- a single homogeneous Monoculture- a single homogeneous culture without diversity or dissensionculture without diversity or dissension
Definition of TermsDefinition of Terms
Industrial Property- intellectual Industrial Property- intellectual property that includes inventions property that includes inventions (patents), trademarks, industrial (patents), trademarks, industrial designs and geographic indications designs and geographic indications of sourceof source
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Biopiracy- illegal collection of Biopiracy- illegal collection of biological materials by corporations biological materials by corporations who patent them for their own usewho patent them for their own use
- uses flora and fauna- uses flora and fauna
- exploitation of the medicine - exploitation of the medicine or knowledge of the traditional peopleor knowledge of the traditional people
-monopolization of biological -monopolization of biological resourcesresources
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-illegal, violates domestic law-illegal, violates domestic law
-doesn’t respect, recognize, -doesn’t respect, recognize, or give credit to the rightful owner of or give credit to the rightful owner of the life formsthe life forms
Bioprospecting- search for biological Bioprospecting- search for biological resources and indigenous knowledge resources and indigenous knowledge used for commercial exploitationused for commercial exploitation
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Biopiracy is NOT the same as Biopiracy is NOT the same as bioprospecting.bioprospecting.
Bioprospecting is NOT a threat to Bioprospecting is NOT a threat to biodiversity because it does not take biodiversity because it does not take something from one’s own use something from one’s own use without obtaining the Prior Informed without obtaining the Prior Informed Consent (PIC). Consent (PIC).
Bioprospecting gives credit or Bioprospecting gives credit or compensation UNLIKE biopiracy.compensation UNLIKE biopiracy.
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Main Sources of Biopiracy:Main Sources of Biopiracy: CorporationsCorporations Academic InstitutionsAcademic Institutions GovernmentsGovernments
They claim intellectual property over They claim intellectual property over genetic resources (patents on life)genetic resources (patents on life)
Related LiteratureRelated Literature Nanotechnology- manipulation of Nanotechnology- manipulation of
individual atoms and moleculesindividual atoms and molecules Nanopirates claim ownership of Nanopirates claim ownership of
molecules and even it elements where molecules and even it elements where they came fromthey came from
CBD (Convention of Biological Diversity) CBD (Convention of Biological Diversity) believe that agreements can be arranged believe that agreements can be arranged for both parties to for the benefit of the for both parties to for the benefit of the majority in overcoming biopiracymajority in overcoming biopiracy
Position on the IssuePosition on the Issue
Pro-Biopiracy:Pro-Biopiracy: It will help the advancement of It will help the advancement of
technology and enrich the scientific technology and enrich the scientific knowledge.knowledge.
Cures of different diseases can be Cures of different diseases can be discovered.discovered.
Can life be owned?Can life be owned?
Position on the IssuePosition on the Issue
Con-Biopiracy:Con-Biopiracy: Causes imbalance in the biodiversity.Causes imbalance in the biodiversity. Stealing of intellectual rights Stealing of intellectual rights
Indigenous people lose profitIndigenous people lose profit No credit is given to the proper owner of No credit is given to the proper owner of
the materialthe material No definite laws that concern biopiracyNo definite laws that concern biopiracy Pharmaceuticals abuse in order to gain Pharmaceuticals abuse in order to gain
profitprofit
Rosy PeriwinkleRosy Periwinkle(Catharansus Roseus)(Catharansus Roseus)
Native and endemic to MadagascarNative and endemic to Madagascar Evergreen subshrubEvergreen subshrub Vinblastine and vincristine used to treat Vinblastine and vincristine used to treat
LeukemiaLeukemia Treats diabetes, malaria and Hodgkin’s Treats diabetes, malaria and Hodgkin’s
diseasedisease Conflict between western companies and Conflict between western companies and
indigenous groups because of recent indigenous groups because of recent patentspatents
Neem TreeNeem Tree(Azadirachta Indica)(Azadirachta Indica)
Found in IndiaFound in India fast- growing evergreen that can reach 20 fast- growing evergreen that can reach 20
m in heightm in height Azardirachtin-astringency chemical found Azardirachtin-astringency chemical found
in the treein the tree Treats leprosy, diabetes, ulcers, skin Treats leprosy, diabetes, ulcers, skin
diseases and constipationdiseases and constipation 1971-Robert Larson found Margosan-O 1971-Robert Larson found Margosan-O
and received patent from the US and received patent from the US Environmental Protection agency in 1985Environmental Protection agency in 1985
Conclusion/ResolutionConclusion/Resolution
Definite laws that must be followed by Definite laws that must be followed by everyoneeveryone CBD must have a standard set of rules for CBD must have a standard set of rules for
everyone in order to avoid confusion.everyone in order to avoid confusion. Must reach an agreementMust reach an agreement
Illegal activity or biopirates must be Illegal activity or biopirates must be fined if caughtfined if caught
Pharmaceutical companies must Pharmaceutical companies must respect the people or the country respect the people or the country