Outline:- Introduction History Characteristics of Biometrics Working Principle of Biometrics Classification of Biometrics System Accuracy Comparison of Various Biometrics Technology Applications Conclusion
Introduction
What is biometrics?
Why biometrics?
Levels of Security
History
The ancient Egyptians and the Chinese played a large role in biometrics history.
Biometrics in practice was a form of finger printing being used in china in the 14th century.
Bertillon developed a technique of multiple body measurements .
A system called “Indentimat” which measured shape of the hand and length of fingers was introduced in 1970s.
Characteristics of Biometrics
Any human characteristic can qualify as a biometric characteristic as long as it satisfies the following requirements:-
Universality
Distinctiveness
Permanence
Collectability
Working of Biometrics System
Classification of Biometrics
1. Physiological – related to shape of the body. Fingerprint Facial recognisation Hand geometry Iris recognisation
2. Behavioral – related to the behavior of the person. Speaker recognisation Signature recognisation Gesture recognisation
Fingerprint Recognisation
A fingerprint is made of a series of ridges and furrows on the surface of the finger.
Ridge ending, ridge bifurcation and minutiae points. Algorithm is developed to distinguish whorl, arch and loop.
Face Recognisation
Analyze the unique shape, pattern and positioning of the facial features.
Face recognition is non-intrusive. There are about 80 peaks and valleys on a human face.
Continues……
A face recognition system consists of the following modules:- Sensor module. Face detection and feature extraction module. Classification module.
A face detection algorithms can be divided into three categories according to
Knowledge-based methods. Feature invariant approaches. Template-based methods.
Hand Geometry
Based on a number of measurements taken from the human hand.
The technique is very simple, relatively easy to use, and inexpensive.
The physical size of a hand geometry-based system is large.
Iris Recognisation
The iris of each eye of each person is absolutely unique. This even applies to identical twins.
Have over 200 unique spots and highly accurate technology. The false acceptance rate for iris recognition systems is 1 in 1.2
million.
Speaker Recognisation Uses individual’s voice for recognisation purposes. Voice sample. Depending on authentication domain Fixed text method. Text dependent. Text independent.
Signature Recognisation
Measures and analyze the physical activity of signing. Banking or finance related applications.
Multimodal Biometrics System
It utilize more than one physiological or behavioral
characteristic for enrollment, verification or identification.
This system takes advantage of the capabilities of each
individual biometric.
It can be used to overcome some of the limitations of a
single biometrics.
Gesture Recognisation
Use of motions to communicate. Interact naturally without any mechanical devices. Depth-aware cameras. Stereo cameras. Controller based Gestures.
System Accuracy
Accuracy or performance of biometric systems is measured with three factors:-
False acceptance rate (FAR)
False rejection rate (FRR)
Equal Error Rate (EER)
System Accuracy Curve
Misidentification Rate
Method Coded Pattern Misidentification Rate
Iris Recognition Iris pattern 1/1,200,000
Fingerprinting Fingerprints 1/1,000
Facial Recognition Outline, shape and distribution of eyes and
nose1/100
SignatureShape of letters, writing
order, pen pressure
1/100
Voice printing Voice characteristics 1/30
Comparison of Biometrics Technology
Biometrics Universality
Uniqueness
Permanence
Collectability
Performance
Acceptability
Circumvention
Fingerprint M H H M H M H
Face H L M H L H L
Hand geometry
M M M H M M M
Iris H H H M H L H
Voice M L L M L H L
Signature L L L H L H H
Applications
1. Eye-gazed System:-
The Eye gaze Edge uses the pupil-center/corneal-reflection method to determine where the user is looking on the screen.
Portable Eye gaze System Mounted on Wheelchair
2. Television Controlled by Hand Gestures:-
Canesta 3D sensor CMOS Chip Technology
3. Mimi Switch:-
It uses infrared sensors.
It stores and even interpret data.
Can be used as a safety measure.
4. Controller Free Gaming:-
Project Natal is the name for a controller free Gaming.
Using gestures and spoken commands.
Depth Sensor.
Conclusion
Biometrics is an emerging area with many opportunities for
growth.
Not to remember passwords.
User friendliness.
A new way to interact with devices.
References
1. A. Jain et al: “BIOMETRICS: Personal Identification in Networked Society”, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999, ISBN0-7923-8345-1.
2. S. Prabhakar, S. Pankanti, and A. K. Jain, “Biometric Recognition: Security and Privacy Concerns”, IEEE Security and Privacy Magazine, Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 33-42, 2003.
3. http:// www.biometrics.org/
4. http://www.biometricsconsotorium.com
5. http://www.howstufworks.com
6. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FCEyHiLxuC8
THANK YOU
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