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Better preventthan cure
Risk Prevention
On board ship
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
2009
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Remember
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
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Regulationsin force
Accident Prevention
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- Technical development.
- Increased safety awareness.
- Accident prevention = Safety culture.
- All accidents are preventable and
occur from:
- Unsafe actions.
- Failure to follow correct procedure.
- Constantly thinking safety.
- Always setting targets for continuous
improvement.
Decrease of personal Injuries
Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
Since 1990s
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Legislation : ISM CODE
Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
Prevention of human injury or loss of life
Objective of safety management system of Company : - Provide for safe practices in ship operation and safe working environment. - Safeguards against all identified risk. - Improve safety management skills of personnel aboard ships.
Code requirements : - Safety policy. - Development of plans for shipboard operations. - Emergency preparedness. - Reports and analysis of accidents and hazardous occurrences.
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ILO – MLC 2006
Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
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Legislation : ILO C152
Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
Occupational Safety and Health (Dock work) 1979
- Provide for fire fighting where dock work is carried out machinery: - Dangerous parts to be guarded. - Provision to cut off power in case of emergency.
- Safe access to the ship when alongside.
- Safe access from deck to the bottom of the holds with fixed stairway.
- Protection of openings in deck where workers are require to work.
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Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
- Safe working condition of lifting appliances:
- Five-yearly testing. - Annual inspection.
- Availability of register of lifting appliances. - Availability of rigging plans.
Occupational Safety and Health (Dock work) 1979
Legislation : ILO C152
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Prevention of accidents (Seafarers) Convention 1970
Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
Compliance with a “Code of Practice”: - Structural features of the ship.
- Machinery. - Special safety measures on and below deck. - Loading and unloading equipment. - Anchors, chains and lines. - Dangerous cargo and ballast. - Personnel protective equipment.
Obligation by owner to provide: - Protective equipment. - Other accident prevention safeguards.
Legislation : ILO C134
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Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
- Safe access to the ship when alongside.- Safe access from deck to the bottom of the holds.- Protection of openings in deck which might be dangerous to workers.
- Efficient lighting: - Means of access. - Places were workers are employed.
- Safe working condition of lifting appliances: - Quadrennial thorough examinations. - Annual inspections. - Documentary evidence.
Protection against Accidents (Dockers) 1932
Legislation : ILO C32
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Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
Hazards on Ships
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Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
Only problem areas,which have been give rise
to observations during surveys/audit,are dealt with in following slides.
4.1 Work activities.4.2 Emergency situations.4.3 Living conditions.4.4 Ship’s environment.4.5 Contact with persons.
Identification of Hazards
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Hazards - Working activities
Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
- Anchoring, mooring and towing - What to do if anchor does not run? - What to do if stow of chain stops?
- Lifting operations - What to do if lifting gear jams under load? - How to know the weight of loads to handle?
- Painting - Permit-to-work available for painting aloft?
- Use of working equipment
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Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
- Entering enclosed/confined spaces - Calibration of measuring equipment?
- Manual handling- Maintenance
- Obstruction of safety equipment and emergency escapes?
- Hot work - Permit-to-work available?
- Hazardous substances - Asbestos dust? - Fumigation?
Hazards - Working activities
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Hazards : Fire Location
Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
MachinerySpaces Unknown
ExternalFire
Sources
CargoPumpRoom
Accommodation Cargoarea
Where on board the Ship?
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Hazards : Fires
Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
HeatHot
surfaces
ElectricalUnknown
Hotwork
Internalto
machinery
Causes in Machinery Spaces
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Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
30%
UnknownExternalHumanElectricalshortspark
Gallerycocking
HotSurfacesExhaust
stack
Hotwork
HeatersPortableHeaters
25%
Hazards : Ignition SourcesCauses in Accommodations
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Hazards : Ignition Sources
Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
UnknownChemicalReaction
ExternalItem
HotSurfaceExhaustSparks
ElectricalShortSpark
HotWork
ExplosionCargo
Firework
Human StaticElectricityLighting
Causes in Cargo area
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Hazards : Lifeboat Incidents
Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
0%
15%
30%
45%
60%
90%
Freefall
75%
Enclosed withonboard release
Open withonboard release
Open withoutonboard release
by Type
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Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
Drills SurveyMaintenance
Hazards : Lifeboat Incidentsby Activity
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Hazards : Lifeboat Incidents
Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
60%
50%
Designfault
Equipmentfailure
Lackof
maintenance
Lack ofcommunication
Failure tofollow theprocedure
Lack oftraining
Primary Causes
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Hazards : Lifeboat Incidents
Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
BrakeHookQuick
release
OtherGriperelease
Boatactivatedrelease
Fallwire
by Equipment Failure
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Hazards : Lifeboat Incidents
Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
BoatActivatedrelease
HookQuick
release
OtherBrake Davit
by Lack of Maintenance
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Hazards - Emergency Situations
Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
- Drills
- Casualty
- Procedure for transportation
of casualty.
- Helicopter operations
- Contingency plan in case of
crashing of helicopter on
deck.
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Hazards - Living Conditions
Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
- Handling storing provisions.- Food preparation.- Gaseous fuel for domestic purpose.- Laundry spaces.
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Hazards - Ship’s Environment
Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
- Safe movement about the ship:
- Transit areas. - Lighting. - Access to holds. - Drainage.
- Safe access to the ship:
- Accommodation ladder. - Pilot ladder.
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Hazards
Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
Lack of Communication with ratings
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Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
Accident prevention
Health of Seafarer
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Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
Seafarer’s HealthFactors which can degrade crew performance
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Seafarer’s Health
Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
Comfort
Marine Labour Convention foresees requirements and guidelines for:
- Ventilation. - Heating. - Lighting. - Sanitary conditions. - Prevention of noise and vibrations. - Recreational facilities.
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Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
Seafarer’s HealthIndividual Responsibility
- Personal cleanliness.- Sensible diet.- Adequate sleep during rest periods.- Regular exercise.- Avoidance of excess alcohol / tobacco.- Prompt attendance to cuts / abrasions.- Maintenance of working clothes and protective equipment.- Appropriate dress for the work and climate.- Avoidance of recreational drugs.
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Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
Accident prevention
Personal Protective Equipment
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Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
Personal Protective Equipment
- Head protection - Helmet, bump cap, hair net.- Hearing protection - Disposal or re-usable ear plugs,...- Face and eye protection - Infra-red by gas welding. - Ultra-violet by electrical welding. - Exposure to chemicals, particles and foreign bodies.- Respiratory equipment - Respiration filters dust, positive pressure powered, cartridge type.- Breathing apparatus
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Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
Personal Protective Equipment
- Hand and foot protection.- Protection from falls.- Safety harness.- Body protection.- High visible clothing.- Protection against drowning. - Protection against hypothermia.
See MLC module
Since July 2007,immersion suit for each person
is Mandatory.
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Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
Accident prevention
Safety Information
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Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
Safety Signs7.1 Signs and symbols
- Very effective.
7.2 Marking - Dangerous good packages. - Gas cylinders. - Portable fire extinguishers.
7.3 Colour codes - Electrical wires. - Piping.
7.4 Posters and safety notices - Usual issued by P&I Clubs and Administrations.
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Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
Safety Signs
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Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
Safety Posters
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Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
Safety Posters
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Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
Safety Notices
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AccidentAccident
Ship andEquipment
RecordsRecords EnvironmentEnvironment
ManagementManagement
ProceduresProcedures PersonnelPersonnel
BehaviourOrganisation
Technology Ergonomic
PsychologyStandardisation
People
Soft
Material
Hard
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
Causes & Effect : Accident
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AccidentsStatistics
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
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What Type of Ship
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Fishingboats
Cargovessels
Othersvessels
Foreign flag vessels 186 cases ( 198 Vessels )
- Cargo vessels 178 89.9 %- Fishing boats 3 1.5 %- Tankers 8 4.0 %- Others vessels 1 0.5 %
Tankervessels
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
GroundingCollision OtherCapsizingLoss ofvessel
Fire
- Collision 125 33.0 %- Grounding 72 19.0 %- Loss of vessel 54 14.2 %- Loss of life 49 12.9 %- Collision (single) 47 12.4 %- Fire 2 0.6 %- Capsizing 1 0.3 %- Other 29 7.7 %
Collisionsingle
Loss oflife
379 cases on 1446 marines causalities
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
What Type of Accident
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0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
GroundingCollision Collisionsingle
- Collision 167 89,9 %- Grounding 13 7.0 %- Collision (single) 4 2.2 %- Distress 1 0.5 %- Obstruction 1 0.5 %
ObstructionDistress
Foreign flag vessels 186 cases ( 198 Vessels )
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
What Type of Accident
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Where: Areas of accident
Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
Narrowchannel
Coastalwater
HeavyTraffic area
InternationalInsidePort area
Foreign flag vessels 186 cases ( 198 Vessels )
- Coastal waters 48 25.8 %- Narrow channels 46 24.7 %- Heavy traffic areas 36 19.4 %- Inside port areas 32 17.2 %- International 24 12.9 %
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Operation of Ship
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Foreign flag vessels 186 cases ( 198 Vessels )
- Sailing 156 78.8 %- Entering the port 15 7.6 %- Anchoring 11 5.6 %- Leaving port 9 4.5 %- Mooring 5 2.5 %- Other 2 1.0 %
Enteringthe port
Sailing Anchoring OtherMooringLeavingport
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
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Damage of Ship
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Foreign flag vessels 186 cases ( 198 Vessels )
Severedamage
Minordamage
Totallooses
No damage
- Minor damage 151 76.3 %- Severe damage 26 13.1 %- Total losses 11 5.6 %- No damage 10 5.1 %
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
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Causes of Collision
0%
10%
20%
30%
40% - Improper lookout 79 34.3 %- Violation against steering rules 73 31.7 %- Failure to sound signals 43 18.7 %- Improper selection of speed 20 8.7 %- Improper command 7 3.0 %- Other 8 3.5 % Total : 230 cases
Violation against
steering rules
Improperlookout
Failure toSound signal
OtherImpropercommand
ImproperSelectionof speed
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
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Cause of Grounding
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
Speedselection
Checkship
position
Courseselection
Shiphandling
Check ofwater ways
Weather& sea
condition
- Failure to check ship’s position 6 42.9 %- Improper speed selection 2 14.3 %- Improper course selection 2 14.3 %- Insufficient consideration to weather and sea condition 2 14.3 %- Improper check of water ways 1 7.1 %- Improper ship handling 1 7.1 % Total : 14 cases
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
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Cause of other Cases
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Violation against
steering rules
Improperlookout
InappropriateSound signal
OtherImproperSelectionof speed
- Improper lookout 79 31.6 %- Violation against steering rules 73 29.2 %- Inappropriate sound signals 43 17.2 %- Improper selection of speed 22 8.8 %- Other 33 13.2 % Total : 250 cases
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
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Steering rules applied
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
Restrictedvisibility
In acrossing
Ordinarypractice
OtherOvertakingvessel
According toPort
regulation
- Steering rule in a crossing 31 42.5 %- Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility 15 20.5 %- Ordinary practice of seaman 10 13.7 %- Steering rule according to port regulation 6 8.2 %- Steering rule of overtaking vessel 6 8.2 %- Other steering rules 2 2.7 % Total : 73 cases
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
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Inappropriate Sound Signal
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
Fogsignal
Warningsignal
Attentionsignal
- Warning signal 32 74.4 %- Fog signal 10 23.3 %- Attention signal 1 2.3 % Total : 43 cases
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
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Cause of the part of the other Vessel
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%- Improper lookout 93 36.0 %- Improper sound signal 56 21.7 %- Violation against steering rules 40 15.5 %- Improper command 27 10.5 %- Improper selection of speed 14 5.4 %- Improper reporting or hand over 12 4.7 %- Dozing off 12 4.7 %- Other causes 4 1.6 % Total : 258 cases
Impropersoundsignal
Improperlookout
OtherDozing offViolationagainst
steering rules
Improperreporting
or hand over
Improperselectionof speed
Impropercommand
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
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Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL1200 H1200 H
1000 H1000 H1400 H1400 H
1600 H1600 H 0800 H0800 H
1800 H1800 H 0600 H0600 H
2000 H2000 H 0400 H0400 H
0200 H0200 H2200 H2200 H
0000 H0000 H
12
10
8
10
12
1110
6
66
9
9
6
7 7
13
11
9
3
55
32
6
Time of the event
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Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
000022002000
0800
0600
04000200
1600
1400
1200 10001000
2 %
1 %
3 %
4 %
5 %
6 %
3 months mobile averages
1800
Time of the event
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0000220020001800 0800060004000200160014001200 10001000
2000
1000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Num
ber
of e
rror
s of
rea
din
gFatigue Effect
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
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Cargo Claims
40
20
60
80
100
% o
f acc
iden
ts r
epo
rted
Personal Injuries & Illness
Collisions
Contacts
Oils Pollution
Miscellaneous
Accident reported to P&I Clubs
Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL
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IIThe systemThe system
you must knowyou must knowIIII
Near misses accidentNear misses accidentyou will surveyyou will survey
IIIIIIProceduresProcedures
you will followyou will followIVIV
Periodical auditsPeriodical auditsyou will doyou will do
VVReturn of experienceReturn of experience
you will useyou will use
Them, my son, you will have a long liveThem, my son, you will have a long live
VIVIHuman errorHuman error
you will take into accountyou will take into accountVIIVII
Errors and faultsErrors and faults you will distinguishyou will distinguish
VIIIVIIIRedundancy loopsRedundancy loops
you will identifyyou will identifyIXIX
In degraded situationIn degraded situationyou will be more attentiveyou will be more attentive
XXOperating in degraded situationOperating in degraded situation
you must be train beforeyou must be train before