better prevent than cure risk prevention on board ship ships in service training material a-m...

Better preventthan cure

Risk Prevention

On board ship

Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL

2009

Remember


Regulationsin force

Accident Prevention

- Technical development.

- Increased safety awareness.

- Accident prevention = Safety culture.

- All accidents are preventable and

occur from:

- Unsafe actions.

- Failure to follow correct procedure.

- Constantly thinking safety.

- Always setting targets for continuous

improvement.

Decrease of personal Injuries

Ships in Service Training Material D. D’HANIS

Since 1990s

Legislation : ISM CODE


Prevention of human injury or loss of life

Objective of safety management system of Company : - Provide for safe practices in ship operation and safe working environment. - Safeguards against all identified risk. - Improve safety management skills of personnel aboard ships.

Code requirements : - Safety policy. - Development of plans for shipboard operations. - Emergency preparedness. - Reports and analysis of accidents and hazardous occurrences.

ILO – MLC 2006


Legislation : ILO C152


Occupational Safety and Health (Dock work) 1979

- Provide for fire fighting where dock work is carried out machinery: - Dangerous parts to be guarded. - Provision to cut off power in case of emergency.

- Safe access to the ship when alongside.

- Safe access from deck to the bottom of the holds with fixed stairway.

- Protection of openings in deck where workers are require to work.


- Safe working condition of lifting appliances:

- Five-yearly testing. - Annual inspection.

- Availability of register of lifting appliances. - Availability of rigging plans.

Occupational Safety and Health (Dock work) 1979


Prevention of accidents (Seafarers) Convention 1970


Compliance with a “Code of Practice”: - Structural features of the ship.

- Machinery. - Special safety measures on and below deck. - Loading and unloading equipment. - Anchors, chains and lines. - Dangerous cargo and ballast. - Personnel protective equipment.

Obligation by owner to provide: - Protective equipment. - Other accident prevention safeguards.



- Safe access to the ship when alongside.- Safe access from deck to the bottom of the holds.- Protection of openings in deck which might be dangerous to workers.

- Efficient lighting: - Means of access. - Places were workers are employed.

- Safe working condition of lifting appliances: - Quadrennial thorough examinations. - Annual inspections. - Documentary evidence.

Protection against Accidents (Dockers) 1932



Hazards on Ships


Only problem areas,which have been give rise

to observations during surveys/audit,are dealt with in following slides.

4.1 Work activities.4.2 Emergency situations.4.3 Living conditions.4.4 Ship’s environment.4.5 Contact with persons.

Identification of Hazards

http://www.expressivecommunication.net/golden.html

Hazards - Working activities


- Anchoring, mooring and towing - What to do if anchor does not run? - What to do if stow of chain stops?

- Lifting operations - What to do if lifting gear jams under load? - How to know the weight of loads to handle?

- Painting - Permit-to-work available for painting aloft?

- Use of working equipment


- Entering enclosed/confined spaces - Calibration of measuring equipment?

- Manual handling- Maintenance

- Obstruction of safety equipment and emergency escapes?

- Hot work - Permit-to-work available?

- Hazardous substances - Asbestos dust? - Fumigation?

Hazards - Working activities

Hazards : Fire Location


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

MachinerySpaces Unknown

ExternalFire

Sources

CargoPumpRoom

Accommodation Cargoarea

Where on board the Ship?

Hazards : Fires


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

HeatHot

surfaces

ElectricalUnknown

Hotwork

Internalto

machinery

Causes in Machinery Spaces


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

30%

UnknownExternalHumanElectricalshortspark

Gallerycocking

HotSurfacesExhaust

stack

Hotwork

HeatersPortableHeaters

25%

Hazards : Ignition SourcesCauses in Accommodations

Hazards : Ignition Sources


0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

UnknownChemicalReaction

ExternalItem

HotSurfaceExhaustSparks

ElectricalShortSpark

HotWork

ExplosionCargo

Firework

Human StaticElectricityLighting

Causes in Cargo area

Hazards : Lifeboat Incidents


0%

15%

30%

45%

60%

90%

Freefall

75%

Enclosed withonboard release

Open withonboard release

Open withoutonboard release

by Type


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Drills SurveyMaintenance

Hazards : Lifeboat Incidentsby Activity



0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

60%

50%

Designfault

Equipmentfailure

Lackof

maintenance

Lack ofcommunication

Failure tofollow theprocedure

Lack oftraining

Primary Causes



0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

BrakeHookQuick

release

OtherGriperelease

Boatactivatedrelease

Fallwire

by Equipment Failure



0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

BoatActivatedrelease

HookQuick

release

OtherBrake Davit

by Lack of Maintenance

Hazards - Emergency Situations


- Drills

- Casualty

- Procedure for transportation

of casualty.

- Helicopter operations

- Contingency plan in case of

crashing of helicopter on

deck.

Hazards - Living Conditions


- Handling storing provisions.- Food preparation.- Gaseous fuel for domestic purpose.- Laundry spaces.

Hazards - Ship’s Environment


- Safe movement about the ship:

- Transit areas. - Lighting. - Access to holds. - Drainage.

- Safe access to the ship:

- Accommodation ladder. - Pilot ladder.

Hazards


Lack of Communication with ratings


Accident prevention

Health of Seafarer


Seafarer’s HealthFactors which can degrade crew performance

Seafarer’s Health


Comfort

Marine Labour Convention foresees requirements and guidelines for:

- Ventilation. - Heating. - Lighting. - Sanitary conditions. - Prevention of noise and vibrations. - Recreational facilities.


Seafarer’s HealthIndividual Responsibility

- Personal cleanliness.- Sensible diet.- Adequate sleep during rest periods.- Regular exercise.- Avoidance of excess alcohol / tobacco.- Prompt attendance to cuts / abrasions.- Maintenance of working clothes and protective equipment.- Appropriate dress for the work and climate.- Avoidance of recreational drugs.


Accident prevention

Personal Protective Equipment



- Head protection - Helmet, bump cap, hair net.- Hearing protection - Disposal or re-usable ear plugs,...- Face and eye protection - Infra-red by gas welding. - Ultra-violet by electrical welding. - Exposure to chemicals, particles and foreign bodies.- Respiratory equipment - Respiration filters dust, positive pressure powered, cartridge type.- Breathing apparatus



- Hand and foot protection.- Protection from falls.- Safety harness.- Body protection.- High visible clothing.- Protection against drowning. - Protection against hypothermia.

See MLC module

Since July 2007,immersion suit for each person

is Mandatory.


Accident prevention

Safety Information


Safety Signs7.1 Signs and symbols

- Very effective.

7.2 Marking - Dangerous good packages. - Gas cylinders. - Portable fire extinguishers.

7.3 Colour codes - Electrical wires. - Piping.

7.4 Posters and safety notices - Usual issued by P&I Clubs and Administrations.


Safety Signs


Safety Posters


Safety Notices

AccidentAccident

Ship andEquipment

RecordsRecords EnvironmentEnvironment

ManagementManagement

ProceduresProcedures PersonnelPersonnel

BehaviourOrganisation

Technology Ergonomic

PsychologyStandardisation

People

Soft

Material

Hard


Causes & Effect : Accident

AccidentsStatistics


What Type of Ship

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Fishingboats

Cargovessels

Othersvessels

Foreign flag vessels 186 cases ( 198 Vessels )

- Cargo vessels 178 89.9 %- Fishing boats 3 1.5 %- Tankers 8 4.0 %- Others vessels 1 0.5 %

Tankervessels


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

GroundingCollision OtherCapsizingLoss ofvessel

Fire

- Collision 125 33.0 %- Grounding 72 19.0 %- Loss of vessel 54 14.2 %- Loss of life 49 12.9 %- Collision (single) 47 12.4 %- Fire 2 0.6 %- Capsizing 1 0.3 %- Other 29 7.7 %

Collisionsingle

Loss oflife

379 cases on 1446 marines causalities


What Type of Accident

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

GroundingCollision Collisionsingle

- Collision 167 89,9 %- Grounding 13 7.0 %- Collision (single) 4 2.2 %- Distress 1 0.5 %- Obstruction 1 0.5 %

ObstructionDistress



What Type of Accident

Where: Areas of accident


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

Narrowchannel

Coastalwater

HeavyTraffic area

InternationalInsidePort area


- Coastal waters 48 25.8 %- Narrow channels 46 24.7 %- Heavy traffic areas 36 19.4 %- Inside port areas 32 17.2 %- International 24 12.9 %

Operation of Ship

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%


- Sailing 156 78.8 %- Entering the port 15 7.6 %- Anchoring 11 5.6 %- Leaving port 9 4.5 %- Mooring 5 2.5 %- Other 2 1.0 %

Enteringthe port

Sailing Anchoring OtherMooringLeavingport


Damage of Ship

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%


Severedamage

Minordamage

Totallooses

No damage

- Minor damage 151 76.3 %- Severe damage 26 13.1 %- Total losses 11 5.6 %- No damage 10 5.1 %


Causes of Collision

0%

10%

20%

30%

40% - Improper lookout 79 34.3 %- Violation against steering rules 73 31.7 %- Failure to sound signals 43 18.7 %- Improper selection of speed 20 8.7 %- Improper command 7 3.0 %- Other 8 3.5 % Total : 230 cases

Violation against

steering rules

Improperlookout

Failure toSound signal

OtherImpropercommand

ImproperSelectionof speed


Cause of Grounding

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

Speedselection

Checkship

position

Courseselection

Shiphandling

Check ofwater ways

Weather& sea

condition

- Failure to check ship’s position 6 42.9 %- Improper speed selection 2 14.3 %- Improper course selection 2 14.3 %- Insufficient consideration to weather and sea condition 2 14.3 %- Improper check of water ways 1 7.1 %- Improper ship handling 1 7.1 % Total : 14 cases


Cause of other Cases

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Violation against

steering rules

Improperlookout

InappropriateSound signal

OtherImproperSelectionof speed

- Improper lookout 79 31.6 %- Violation against steering rules 73 29.2 %- Inappropriate sound signals 43 17.2 %- Improper selection of speed 22 8.8 %- Other 33 13.2 % Total : 250 cases


Steering rules applied

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

Restrictedvisibility

In acrossing

Ordinarypractice

OtherOvertakingvessel

According toPort

regulation

- Steering rule in a crossing 31 42.5 %- Conduct of vessels in restricted visibility 15 20.5 %- Ordinary practice of seaman 10 13.7 %- Steering rule according to port regulation 6 8.2 %- Steering rule of overtaking vessel 6 8.2 %- Other steering rules 2 2.7 % Total : 73 cases


Inappropriate Sound Signal

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

Fogsignal

Warningsignal

Attentionsignal

- Warning signal 32 74.4 %- Fog signal 10 23.3 %- Attention signal 1 2.3 % Total : 43 cases


Cause of the part of the other Vessel

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%- Improper lookout 93 36.0 %- Improper sound signal 56 21.7 %- Violation against steering rules 40 15.5 %- Improper command 27 10.5 %- Improper selection of speed 14 5.4 %- Improper reporting or hand over 12 4.7 %- Dozing off 12 4.7 %- Other causes 4 1.6 % Total : 258 cases

Impropersoundsignal

Improperlookout

OtherDozing offViolationagainst

steering rules

Improperreporting

or hand over

Improperselectionof speed

Impropercommand


Ships in Service Training Material A-M CHAUVEL1200 H1200 H

1000 H1000 H1400 H1400 H

1600 H1600 H 0800 H0800 H

1800 H1800 H 0600 H0600 H

2000 H2000 H 0400 H0400 H

0200 H0200 H2200 H2200 H

0000 H0000 H

12

10

8

10

12

1110

6

66

9

9

6

7 7

13

11

9

3

55

32

6

Time of the event


000022002000

0800

0600

04000200

1600

1400

1200 10001000

2 %

1 %

3 %

4 %

5 %

6 %

3 months mobile averages

1800

Time of the event

0000220020001800 0800060004000200160014001200 10001000

2000

1000

3000

4000

5000

6000

Num

ber

of e

rror

s of

rea

din

gFatigue Effect


Cargo Claims

40

20

60

80

100

% o

f acc

iden

ts r

epo

rted

Personal Injuries & Illness

Collisions

Contacts

Oils Pollution

Miscellaneous

Accident reported to P&I Clubs


IIThe systemThe system

you must knowyou must knowIIII

Near misses accidentNear misses accidentyou will surveyyou will survey

IIIIIIProceduresProcedures

you will followyou will followIVIV

Periodical auditsPeriodical auditsyou will doyou will do

VVReturn of experienceReturn of experience

you will useyou will use

Them, my son, you will have a long liveThem, my son, you will have a long live

VIVIHuman errorHuman error

you will take into accountyou will take into accountVIIVII

Errors and faultsErrors and faults you will distinguishyou will distinguish

VIIIVIIIRedundancy loopsRedundancy loops

you will identifyyou will identifyIXIX

In degraded situationIn degraded situationyou will be more attentiveyou will be more attentive

XXOperating in degraded situationOperating in degraded situation

you must be train beforeyou must be train before

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