Download - Benzene Reduction App Brief 022009
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PROCESS OVERVIEW (cont.)
PostfractionationElimination of the benzene from the
reformate after it has been formed
Reformate is split into a light stream and a heavy
stream in a reformate splitter. Postfractionation offers the
greatest control over gasoline benzene. It requires invest-
ment in a reformate splitter and additional processing,consisting of the two options already noted plus two more,
all of which are EPA-approved benzene reduction
technologies:
Saturation Post-treatment destruction via a
saturation unit is likely to be a popular choice if the
refinery either does not have assets to reuse or revamp, or
capacity available in existing units
Isomerization Unit must be able to handle the
designed feed stream, the unit yield shift must fit into the
refinery gasoline blend pool, and the scheme must meetthe benzene reduction requirements
Extraction A solvent liquidliquid extraction (LLE)
and extraction distillation (ED) process utilizes commodity
glycols for extraction of benzene; relies on having an
outlet for the benzene stream
Alkylation Converts benzene into other aromatic
compounds like xylene, toluene and cumene by the
addition of alkyl groups to the benzene ring
SEALLESS PUMP APPLICATIONS
Sundyne HMD/Kontro GSP sealless magnetic drive
pumps can be successfully applied in the majority of
benzene reduction services that are specified by the
process licensors or engineering contractors as complex
double sealed pumps.
By preventing any atmospheric air from entering into
the process system, HMD/Kontro is well-designed for
benzene reduction services under vacuum conditions,
including lean solvent pumps and solvent transfer pumps.
SUNDYNE HMD/KONTRO ADVANTAGES
Reduced engineering and installation time for the
engineering contractor
Our sealless design eliminates buffer systems, which
means there are no supporting systems for cooling water,
venting or vapor recovery, and no complex piping requirements.
Unlike dual seal pumps that require external flushing to
prevent premature seal failure, HMD/Kontros containmentshell does not require an external flushing support system.
Improved process reliability, time and cost
savings for the plant operator
Our pumps eliminate the daily inspection to monitor
buffer system fluid levels, and the need to continuously fill
the systems with expensive buffer fluids.
With no seals to leak, HMD/Kontro pumps do not
require the detailed plant management and EPA reports
that document equipment emissions.
Our sealless design improves online reliability,resulting in significant reductions in maintenance costs and
downtime for pump repairs.
TYPICAL SEALLESS DESIGN
Carbon steel pump construction API material class
S-5 is typically adequate for these services. However, if
mixture has corrosion elements in the fluid stream, 316 SS
construction is recommended. Viton o-rings are acceptable.
API 685 pump guidelines including secondary
containment, liquid and pressure sensors in the couplinghousing with PCM or flow controller.
OTHER SUNDYNE APPLICATIONS
Sundyne LMV 800 / 300 series heavy-duty API pumps
can be used to facilitate the reaction process that occurs in
pre and postfractionation benzene reduction technologies.
Sundyne Pinnacle centrifugal compressors offer
unmatched reliability in the hydrogen recycle service that
accompanies some benzene reduction processes.
www.sundyne.com
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Axens Benfree is a prefractionation process which
reduces benzene from reformate through integrated
reactive distillation. The process uses high-pressure pumps
to withdraw benzene rich light fraction from the splitter to
the hydrogenation unit, where the benzene is convertedto cyclohexane. (www.axens.net)
CDTECH The CDHydro process offer three
options: (1) a side column on the naphtha deisohexanizer
to eliminate straight run benzene; (2) a reformate splitter
with integral benzene saturation; or (3) a side column on a
conventional reformate splitter. Typically used are high-
pressure feed pumps, reactors, and recirculation pumps in
the conventional system. The CDTECH process may also
have an H2 recycle compressor application.
(www.cdtech.com)
ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Co. EMRE
offers BenzOUT, a reformate alkylation process in
which benzene-rich streams are reacted with light olefins
such as ethylene or propylene to convert the benzene to
high-octane alkylate. (www.exxonmobil.com/apps/refin-
ingtechnologies/index.html)
GTC Technology GT-BenZap is situated down-
stream of the reformer and employs hydrogenation in
combination with a platinum catalyst to convert benzene to
cyclohexane and other more acceptable compounds.
Another offering, GT-BTX, is an aromatic
extractive distillation process utilizing lean solvent in a
distillation column. The bottoms solvent is sent to a
recovery column and the benzene is extracted from the
liquid stream. (www.gtchouston.com)
UOP The BenSat process can be placed in either
the pre or postfractionation stages of the refinery, and uses
the following equipment:
Charge pumps; reactor recycle pumps; oxygen
stripper overhead and bottoms pumps; splitter overheadand bottoms pumps; reflux stripper pumps; stabilizer
reflux pumps; and an H2 make up compressor
(typically reciprocating).
Feed pump modifications may be required, offering
an opportunity to replace double sealed process pumps
with sealless pumps.
UOPs Sulfolane and ED Sulfolane processes
combine liquidliquid extraction with extraction distilla-
tion to recover benzene and other aromatics. The following
equipment is used:
Splitter bottoms and overhead pumps; fractionation
bottoms pumps; charge pumps; recirculation water pumps;
raffinate pumps; raffinate wash water pumps; lean solvent
pumps; solvent transfer pumps; wet sump transfer pumps;
wet transfer pumps; and wash water stripper bottom
pumps.
No compressor services are required for this process.
(www.uop.com)
www.sundyne.com
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PROCESS LICENSORS
There are a number of process licensors offering benzene reduction technologies. These include, but are not limited
to the following: