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Bell Ringer
What is the main idea of Marx’s Communist Manifesto?
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The Russian Revolution
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Main Ideas
After 2 revolutions and a civil war, Lenin and the Communist
party were the new rulers of Russia
Stalin took over after Lenin and established a brutal
Communist dictatorship in the Soviet Union
The Soviet Union was a totalitarian state that regulated every
aspect of citizens lives
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Origins
Social, economic, and political problems plagued Czar
Nicholas II reign
WWI created more instability How?
Marxist followers sought a revolution among the
proletariat (working class)
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Lenin and the Bolsheviks
Bolsheviks were a
radical socialist party
Revolution is the only way
to bring real change to
society Agree? Disagree?
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November (October) Revolution
November (October 1917)
“Peace, land, and bread” Good enough reason to fight?
Bolsheviks take over with little
bloodshed
Bolsheviks (now communists)
redistribute land and end private
ownership of land Positive or negative?
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Russian Civil War
Red’s (communists) v
Whites
(counterrevolutionaries) Who wins?
Why?
Impact:
Communist state
established in the Soviet
Union (USSR)
Either we kill capital or we die under the heel
of capital
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Death of Lenin, 1924 Stalin
Trotsky
vs.
“Socialism in One Country” Permanent Revolution
Which is a more reasonable goal? Fate of the loser?
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Five Year Plans
Goal of Stalin was to quickly industrialize USSR and increase
output in: o Industry
• Mixed results
o Transportation
o Farm output
• State owned farms called collectives
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How to get there?
Led through brutality Gulags (labor camps)
o “a single death is a tragedy, a million deaths is a statistic”
• Is this an accurate statement?
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The Great Purge
At least 4 million enemies
of the state are killed
Increased Stalin's power
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Life in the Soviet Union
Totalitarianism All aspects of life are regulated by the government
How is this done?
o Secret police
o Propaganda
o Censorship
o Terror
o Atheism
• Why is this effective?
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Characteristics of Totalitarianism
Single party dictatorship
State control of the economy
Strict censorship and government monopoly of the media
Use of police spies and terror
Use of schools to mobilize citizens
Unquestioning obedience to a single leader
3 S’s 3 U’s
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Soviet Propaganda
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Changes in Soviet Society
Elite members of society belonged to communist party
Free education for all
Women gain equality
But… Poor living conditions
Censorship threatened the public
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Rise of Fascism and Nazism
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Main Ideas
Political and economic problems led to the rise of fascism in
Italy
The Nazi government used terror, repression and one party
rule to establish a totalitarian state in Germany
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Fascism
Authoritarian government that is not communist Extreme nationalism
Antidemocratic
Aggressive expansion
o Survival of the fittest
• Where will this be particularly be seen?
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Mussolini and Fascism
Former socialist
Takes advantage of political turmoil
in Italy after WWI
Italy eventually turns into a fascist
totalitarian state
Capitalist economy under complete
government control How is this different from socialism?
o Business is government’s friend!
Not their enemy
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Germany after the War
Problems within Germany Hyperinflation
o Paper money was worthless
o Loaf of bread was 20,000 marks
Conflicts within the Weimar
Republic
o Many small coalitions made it
impossible to work
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Hitler and Nazism Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
Book of Nazi goals and ideology
Extreme nationalism
Anti-Semitism
Racism
Germans were master race
Need for Lebensraum how will this be achieved?
Elected as chancellor
Hitler's promises
End reparations
Create jobs
Rearm Germany
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Third Reich 3rd Empire of Germany
1st Holy Roman Empire
Weimar Republic
3rd Reich
Establishes totalitarian state Rearms army
Creates government
programs
Takes away freedom of people
Hitler Youth
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German Culture under Nazism German culture was purged of all
outside influences Denounced modern art, jazz, other
western literature
Creation of unified church
o Catholicism outlawed
• Why?
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World War II (1939-1945)
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Main Ideas
The early years of the war were marked by Axis victories
In 1942 and 1943, the tide of the war began to turn as Allied
forces won key victories
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The Sides
Axis Powers Allied Powers
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The Sides
Axis Powers Allied Powers
Germany
Italy
Japan
Hungary
Great Britain
Soviet Union (Russia)
United States
China
France
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Causes
Aggressive dictators In what countries will this be a problem?
The need for peace Appeasement
o Giving in to the demands of an aggressor in order to maintain peace
o Also prevents spread of communism
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Germany Withdraws from the League
of Nations (1933)
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Germany Begins Remilitarization
(1935)
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German Army Reoccupies the
Rhineland (1936)
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Germany and Italy form the Rome-
Berlin Axis (1936)
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German Invasion of Austria
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What problems is this video demonstrating?
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War Begins
“Peace in our time”- British Prime Minister Neville
Chamberlin Believed that appeasement would maintain peace
Nazi-Soviet Pact USSR and Germany agree not to fight each other
Germany invades Poland
o France and Britain declare war against Germany
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Early Axis Victories
Blitzkrieg Lightening war used by Germans that led to early success
German victories Invasion of France
o France surrenders, forced to sign documents in the same railroad
car where Germany surrenders after WWI. Charles de Gaulle flees
to Britain and rules from there
Defeat of Netherlands Norway, Belgium, Denmark
African victories
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France Surrenders June, 1940
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Now Britain Is All Alone!
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Great Britain.........................$31 billion Soviet Union..........................$11 billion France..................................$3 billion China..................................$1.5 billion Other European......................$500 million South America.......................$400 million
The amount totaled: $48,601,365,000
U. S. Lend-Lease Act, 1941
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Lend-Lease
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Battle of Britain “The Blitz”
Significance: This was the British stance against the powerful
German air force.
The British survive the attack and Hitler decides to invade
Russia
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The Invasion of Russia
Operation Barbarossa Hitler’s biggest mistake
o Why?
Catches Stalin unprepared and without skillful leaders
• Where did the leaders go?
Winter comes to the rescue for the Russians again!
• Thousands of Germans freeze to death
Russia and Britain become allies after this
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U.S. Enters the War (December 1941)
Big Three (Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin)
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The Battle of Stalingrad
(August ’42-February ’43)The Turning Point in Europe
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D-Day
June 6, 1944
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Paris Liberated, August, 1944
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The Battle of the Bulge
(December ’44-February ’45)
Hitler’s last success
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The Battle of Berlin (April ’45)
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VE Day (May 8, 1945)
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End of the War
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Main Ideas
After WWII, the Cold War and the decline of European
influence shifted the balance of world power.
As the war ended, new tensions developed between the
United States and the Soviet Union
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Aftermath of WWII Holocaust
6 million Jewish people and 6 million other people
o Who were these other people?
55 million people dead overall
Europe lay in ruins
United States drops atomic bombs on Japan and ends the war there* Remember this
Emergence of superpowers Who were the superpowers?
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Other Victims…
Soviet POWs
Gypsies
Homosexuals
Communists
The disabled
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The Nuremberg War Crimes Trials 22 Nazis accused of
“Crimes against humanity”
12 executed
Was this the “right” thing to
do?
Were they guilty?
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Peace Conferences Big Three
Who were they?
o Stalin (USSR)
o Churchill (UK)
o Roosevelt *(USA)
• Eventually dies and is
replaced by Truman
Yalta Conference and Potsdam
Conference Major meetings where Big Three
decided beginning terms of life in
Europe after the war.
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Main Results
Formation of United Nations
No free elections in Europe *Soviet need for a buffer zone
Germany divided into occupied zones between communists
and non-communists
Establishment of Israel as a Jewish state in the Middle East Result of the Holocaust and Zionism
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U.S. Involvement in Europe Grows
U.S. after the war Established as the top world power
Marks the beginning of heavy U.S. involvement in European affairs
The Marshall Plan
o U.S. provides aid to western European countries that were
destroyed during the war.
KEEP THIS IN MIND!!
• Economic and food assistance
• Why?
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Alliance Breaks Apart
Why do you think the Allies would break up after WWII?
Ideological differences
• USSR was communist
• USA non-communist
o Creates division
Mutual distrust for one another
o Many reasons for this, just know that they did not trust one another
What event occurs after the alliance falls apart?