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ARCHAIC CLASSICS.
ASSYRIAN GRAMMAR,AND
READING BOOK
I
:
ARCHAIC
CLASSICS.AN
ELEMENTARY GRAMMAR;WITH
FULL SYLLABARY
AND PROGRESSIVE READING BOOK,OF
THE ASSYRIAN LANGUAGE,IN
THE
CUNEIFORMBY
TYPE.
THEAuthor of
REV.
A.
H.
SAYCE, M.A.
FELLOW AND TUTOR OF QUEEN'S COLLEGE, OXFORD.
"An
Assyrian
Grammarf^ and
" The Principles of Comparative Philology.
Multae
terricolis linguae, ccelestibus
una.
LONDON
SAMUEL BAGSTER ANDIS,
SONS,
PATERNOSTER ROW.\^All rights reserved.]
S3^
TO
THE PRESIDENT AND MEMBERSOF THE
SOCIETY OF BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGYTHIS
VOLUMEIS
DEDICATED BY THE AUTHOR.
oiro
CONTENTSPAGE
PrefaceSyllabary
i
I
The NounsThe Numerals
4955
The Pronouns The VerbList of Prepositions
5763100102103
Compound
Prepositions
The Conjunctions The AdverbsDerivation of...
104105
Nouns
Phonology
106108
Reading Lessons
;
la
PREFACEThefollowing pages have been written in connection withphilology, which
my
lectures
upon Assyrian
were commenced
in the early part of
1875 under
the auspices of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, and through the exertions of
Mr.
W.
R. Cooper, the Secretary
oi"
the Society.difficulties
An
endeavour has been madeto the
for the first time to
smooth over the
which beset the entrance
study of the Assyrian inscriptions, and so attract students to this
new andpublished,
important branch of research.
When my
"
Assyrian
Grammar " was
three years ago, a knowledge of the language wasthere
still
confined to the few, and
seemed
little
prospect that the small band of Assyriologues would be
muchtwo
increased for a long while to come.;
My
work was
therefore addressed to
classes of readers
to those
who were
already able to read the inscriptions,into details
and could appreciate a grammar which enteredscholarship,
and points of
and to those who were acquainted with the better-known Semitic
languages, but wished to learn something of the
new
dialect
which had been so
unexpectedly revealed, and promised to throw such a flood of light on Semiticphilology in general.distant has
The
prospect, however, that three years agorealised.
seemed so
been more than
Assyrian has become a "popular" subjectdistrust
and the world of scholars which once looked with
upon the labours of
ii
Preface.
the decipherers, has at last
awakened
to their interest
and importance.
Students
are flocking in from
all sides,
and elementary grammars and progressive reading-
books, like those which initiate the pupil intocalled for.
Hebrew
or Greek, are needed and
The
present volume
is
intended to meet this demand.will
The
cuneiform type
which has been freely used throughoutforms of the characters, and asall
accustom the eye of the reader to the
transliterated
words are divided
into syllables,
even where the Assyrian texttheir original
is
not added, he will be able to reduce them into
forms.
Care has been taken not to burden the memory withlists
unnecessary matter; and practical experience has proved that tabular
of
nouns, verbs, and particles, such as are given in the second part of the book, arethe best
means
for
impressing the rudiments of a
new language upon the mind.
A separateinto details
chapter on the syntax has been omitted, since any attempt to enter
would be inconsistent with the plan of the Grammar, whilein
it
has
been found more convenient to state those few cases of importanceAssyriandiffers
which
from the syntactical usage of other languages
in those places
of the accidence to
which they naturally belong.
The
notes appended to
each of the reading-lessons are designed to lead the student on to a more
advanced and independent acquaintance with the language, and so complete the
work of a
practical
and elementary grammar.whichfirst
The mainlater
difficulty is the Syllabary, the larger part of
will
sooner or
have to be learnt by
heart.
The
beginner
is
advised
to
commit
to
memory
the characters which express open syllables, given in pp. 46 and 47, as
well as the Determinative Prefixesat the monosyllabic closed syllables.
and Affixes given
in p. 48,
and then
to
work
Experience alone can show him what areis
the
commoner and more
favourite values with which a characterlearner,
used
;
and he
must be content to be continually ahis side for
keeping the Syllabary constantly at
purposes of reference, and remembering that any endeavour to learn
Preface.
iii
the whole Syllabary
is
a needless and useless task.
He
will
soon come to know
what characters and what values are most frequently employed, and whatideographs are most likely to occurin
the inscriptions.
The
hieroglyphic origin of the Syllabary, and
its
adaptation to the wants of
a foreign language, will give the key towith.Its
manyan
of the difficulties he will meetdialect;
Accadian
inventors
spoke
agglutinative
and
each
hieroglyphic, which in course of time
came
to be corrupted into a cuneiform
character (like the
modern Chinese),
originally expressed theit
sound of the word
denoting the object or idea for whichfor
stood.
The same
picture could stand
more
ideas than one, and might therefore be pronounced in
more than one
way, so that when the Semitic Assyrians (or rather Babylonians) borrowed thecuneiform system of writing, using what were words in Accadian as merephonetic values, polyphony became inevitable, and the same character repre-
sented several phonetic powers.
Even
in
Accadian the characters could be;
employed phonetically as well as ideographically
and the Assyrians, while
turning the dictionary of the Accadians into a huge syllabary, did not forget thehieroglyphic origin of the writing, but reserved to themselves the
power of using
a character not only as the representative of a syllabic sound, but also as anideograph to which of course a Semitic pronunciation was attached.
Manyy*"
of the characters exhibit their primitive form at the
first
glance;
for instance, clearly standing for " the
tongue of a balance."is
In other cases
the resemblance to the objects originally signifiedsimplified forms of the characters as used in Assyria,
not very visible in the
and we have to go back to
the archaic
Babylonian type to detect the likeness." the
Thus
^y
has lost
all
resemblance tothat
sun
;"
and
it
is
not until
we remember
the archaic
'Z^
we
discover the circle which stood for the great luminary of day.
A large
number of characters are compound, and when they are used ideographicallytheir
meaning can often be determined by considering what
is
the meaning of the
iv
Preface.
separate characters of which they are
made
up.
Thus >-^Y^ymonth"
is
"
a mouth,"
and
Yjf
"
a drop of water
;"
the
compound
-^jY?J
therefore naturally denotes theis
act of " drinking."
So, again, the Assyrian >-*^\ " a4^(4^
the simplified
form of the archaic J>>>
nacasu, buligu
fa cut, division ?to roll
khaskhal
khasugararu
storm ily
3.
pulukhuZLIZU...
rci'crence
a fixtureeighteen
?
>-ana. .
[sumunesrit]sakQ, samu,
4.
an,
anna, annab
-T5?
ilu, ilu,
Ann,Anu,
high, sky, god, the godhigh, sky, god, the god
saku, samu,ilu
Anu Anu
dimir, dingir...
1>
godstardivinity of corn
sa essa
cacabuilutu sa sibri
an4a.
J
supultu
dephdivinity,
nab
(see
168)
->*>->*-
nabbunalbar-same...
4f...
^^P^
the zenith
4c.
alat,
alap
-+ ^!T^?
sedu
spirit {divine bull)
4//.
lammaSi\a.p(Ass.va/.)
lama^su
colossuscolossus
buhidu
5.
khazkhats)
(khas,
^5>
nadu, nacasu
to place, to cut
kut (kud)tarsil(j>il,
nacasu, gazarunacasu, danu,suku,
to cut, to cut to cut, to Judge, to set
^J
samu
sila)
...
?)
panu
...
canal, before
gug, citauima
?
6.
sallatu, halacu, eribu
spoil, to go, to
descend {flow)
pal
^i^fiJ^
ebiru,
etiku,
palu,
to cross, to
pass through, timerevolt,
napalcutu,
nucuru,
or year, to
enemy.
palutal...5>
swordto cross, to
ebiru, etiku
pass throughof a
pal
U(?)
supilu
sa
sinnis.
sexual
part
woman.
pukhkhusupiltu
sa sinnis,
sextial
part of a wojnan.
the lower partto sacrifice...
nuk
? tj
naku...
zabur...
admu,
akhri, khiru
man, behind, lord
ASSYRIAN GRAMMAR.
SYLLABARY.'Meaning.
Phonetic Value (Accadian word).
Cuneiform Character.
Assyrian rendering.
7.
bat,
be
>--se, to
open, to die, old, ?
uduntucomplete,corpse,
til,
badhdhu
...
1)
gamaru, pagru, katu
hand
us
damu...
blood {offspring)
khar
ziz(?), mit,
idim
nakbu, samu, captu,belu, enuva, tseru
channel, heaven,
heavy, lord,
when, desert
8.
lugud
^'^r'-
edisu
solitary
basmu, butu, macaru,
sweet odour, desert
(?), to
sell(?)
garmnaciru, sannu,
or exchange, expedition
13.
kur
...
pappu
to change,
enemy, othermale,
(?)
pap
pappu, zicaru, tarbu,natsaru,
other
(?),
young man,
to
akhu
defend, brother
13^.
*khal,
dili-dili-
itallucu
a path
nabigisi-u-khallacu
pusku samsu
diffiadt
road
(?)
14.
utuci
...
i^-^^...
the
Sun
15.
zubu
...
gamlusicru...
benefit
gam16.taltal
kindness
^Ix
Ea
thegod
Hea
ASSYRIAN
GRAMMAR.SYLLABARY,.Assyrian rendering.
Phonetic Value (Accadian word).
Cuneiform Character.
Meaning.
17.
zicura
S?H?..
citim
loiuer or baieath
18.
cit,
cuda, se
^f
?nf.
^HU
epikhu, carasu
to
blow, property
{standard,
camp)calu, ezibu, pata
the whole, to leave, to open?
^aburagudibir
>j>
cupkhu
Maruducu
...
Merodach
tak
19.
seslamka, gita
^?}i-T...
cipratu
race or region
20,
...
determinative of measureto
21.
cit (kit, cat)
^III-211. ^
sumu, santu,
zicaru,
name, year, memorial,
to give.
nadanu, ya, samu
my, sky?, ?, ?,
masaddu,
cu'asu, kha-
throfte, ?
lacu, cuss'u,
vacu
nurma23^. ?
>j
>^TV{Assyrianzir)
idlutu
strength
24.
nupatcsi
la, (ul),
tsalamu
not,
imagei^iceroy)
zicaru
maleseed
25.
kulvahie
T^A
--l
sagaburu
38.
sucit (?)
-tT^XTT
passuru
Lenormant '' kind ofparasoV
(See No. 197*^.)
38a.
kal, gar
-m-Id
?
?
39.
ca, gu, cir, du,
pu, amatu, appu,panu,inu,
mouth, fealty, face, face,ear,
eye,
uznu,
bunnu,
form, front,
foot, sight,?,
makhru, sepu, amaru,
completion, to speak,?,
push,
amanu,
kabu,
mass, country (properly
1H^K39a.39^.
sasu,ricmu, sagamu,cibu,
face of the country)
matugod of theall,
dukgu, cagu
ilu sa
napkhari, erisu
universe, to ask
calu,
saku
sa
me,
drinking of water, seal
canicuj>
ricim,
sunnu,
idculu
blow, a half, confidence
(?)
duddhugude
>~ >- >-Y^Y >->-Y >~ Y
dabibu, palu, idacculu
deviser,
?,
?
nabu,
khababu,
na-
proclaimer, lover
(?),
?
gagu39
takhatsu
battle
41.
-^^"-^m-d-^\, >-ri^"'
glory {name)lisanu
42.
emi
tongue {language)
43.
?
saptu
lip {sentence)
44-
?
-rf'^n'-t:fei
saptu,
tsumu
lip, thirst
45.46.
?
tsumuacalu,
thirst {fast)
cu
-ti^y
khadhdhu
...
to eat, food {^"^ti)
47.
mu?
4'*^
camuI1
to
burn
(?)
48.
^^I^H^f
pukhkhutsalamtu
the breath
49-
?
-^Esl
darkness?
50.
ibira
.-I^I......
damkaruorigin)
(0/
Ace,
51.
?
ikhimut^^
he burnt {devoured)
?
51^.
?
?
52
?
>-J:Ts:TTTi^y
?
?
53-
?
-t:rt"'f...
?
?
54.
bat
-^B^^iri-E:rxMrT|
imtu?
poison {philtre)terror
55-?56.?
?
?
57-
nak?...
-tinj...
satu
...
to
drink
58.
-^It-^I-El
uru
...
...
.;.
city
59-
la
laluru,
khazbu
?,
?
ASSYRIAN GRAMMAR.
SYLLABARY.Meaning.
Phonetic Value (Accadian word).
Cuneiform Character.
Assyrian rendering.
60.
tu
-^T.tnra>)
am
eribu,
summatumurtsu
fo descend or eufer or sei (of
the Sun), seasonturi,
(?)
eribu,
fo descend,
^'c, sickness
61.
li
raru, lilisu{note these variant fonns)
?,
?
gub, guni
illu
high ox precious
62,
apin, pin, uru
-Bl>>
epinu, ussu
foundation
(city)
engar
iccaru
ground
{diggitig)
6;^.
makh
^
YY
tsiru,
makhkhu {from Ace), rubu, mahdu
supreme, supreme, great,
much
>
bahalu, tublu, tizkaru
prince
(?),
sovereign
(?),
?
64.
bar,
mas
+
paratsu,
burru,
baru.
to
divide,to
half,
half,
bound,after.
usuru, tsindu, akhratu,
bind,
another,
akhkhuru,
future,
future,
a
second,
_.
tsatu, rikatu, akhatu.
brother^ other, after, gazelle
akhu, akhitu, arcu.tsabiu5>
camatu,
gabbi,
tinu.
heap
(?),
all,
?,
?,
oracle,
enitu, pisaktu, cabitu,
much, as?, ?,
many as,
to weigh.tipper,(?),
mala,
palasu,
the Tigris,battle,
?, ?, ?,
tuhamu, zibtu, dallu.cisittu, nis'u,elitu,
chain ^
firstborn
ruzzu.
eldest, cattle,son,Jirstborn (?),
sanku, makh-
white,
?,
to see,
?,
to
aban-
azu,bidhru, asaridu,pulu,
don, body, the liver
maru,
bidhlibutu,
ramu, ibbu,
amaru, masu, vassaru,
zumru, cabadtu
mas
...
JJ
masu, Adaru,ellu,^tsabitu,sa-ecili
asibu.
?,
the god Adar, to dwell, high{precious),to
mazu-
take,
burn-
ing
(?)
of afield
^a
radhup
165.
rat, sit
-TT-
ASSYRIAN GRAMMAR.
SYLLABARY.
Phonetic Value (Accadian word).
Cuneiform Character.
Assyrian rendering.
Meaning.
66.
nunhumis,(?)
nibu, rabu, nunu, {fr.Ace.)
prince, great, prince
zil,
sil,
khan66 a,
asagara
asagaru
a hurricanerest or eclipse
67.
tur,
silam
(?)...
tarbatsu
68.
silam, akar
...
?
rawrence
(?)
69.
biru
{perhaps
suttu,
uritsu,
tsiptu,
dream,revenue
offspring,
product,
Ass.)
nipikhuzibbatu,
70.
cun?
...
zumbu
tail, tail
71.
...
?
?
72.
?
?
?
73.
khu, pak
itstsuru, saru
bird, king (?)?
khu,pak,musen74.
w
musennuciribu,
pacac^a...
sumelu
middle, leftto proclaim
hand
75.
nabuiku {or ikku), daltu
76.
ik
?,
door, quick journey, to open,
khamdhu,nukhsugal...
patu
prosperity
basu,
sacunu,
nasu
to be, placed, to raise, brick
labinugal...
ikku, rutstsunu,
malucanu
?, ?,
to fill,
to diuell, to open,
asabu, natsaru77.
pitu,
to establish, to
defend
tsim, zim,
namof
-TI^
simtu, sakhalu
destiny,
plague
(?)
{Ace. prefix
abstractfioun)
nam
nabu, simmu
to proclaim, destiny
nammu,78.
pikhatu,
ma
?,
a governor,
this
pak
(?)
-TI^
iM
itstsuru
a bird
ASSYRIAN GRAMMAR.
SYLLABARY.
Phonetic Value (Accadian word).
Cuneiform Character,
Assyrian rendering.
Meaning.
79.
mut
...
-m-w-TTA
banu,
damu,
uppu,
to
create,
blood,?,
?,
to
bear
aladu, icbu, bisru,
children,
fiesh, seed
barradu
musendugusi80.zi
napistu,
nisu,
pilu,
life {soul),
man
{spirit),
work,to
nasakhu, diku, bua,saparu81.gi, ^a...
to
take away,
smitten,
come, to send
kanu,
duppu-sadhru,
reed, writtention,
tablet,
foundacountry,all,?,
simtu, zicaru, matu,esiri,
memorial,restore,
taru,
gimiru,
bands, toestablished
pudak, cunu
81^82.?
caradin
cissu
multitudinous
?
83.
ri,
tal
tallu,
ramu,
lilu,
mound,
height,
?,
?,
?,
to fly
tsakku,
parasu-sa-
awaybrilliance
rikhuti, parsidu
di
...
nabadhunadusaruru
es
brightness {of
a
star)
sa
the firmament
84.
gubkat
...
-III.
m-T^T::
sumelu
left
hand hand
...
gubbuorigin)
(0/ Accadian
left
85-
tun,
khub
khasucarasu saetsi
86.
pulugac, gar
implement of woodto
87.
-0.
episu, banu,
makharu,kharap-
make,sent,
to build, to be preto
nabu,sisu,
Nabu,pit-uzni,
proclaim,the
Nebo,opejicr
the intelligent,
sa-uzni, khubbu-sa-
of the
ears,
the enlarger of
kani
the ears, holloiv of a reed
ac88.
belu...
...
lord
mesus
takhatsu
battle
.89.
...
?
?
.
. .
JOPhonetic Value (Accadian word).
ASSYRIAN GRAMMAR.
SYLLABARY.Meaning.
Cuneiform Character.
Assyrian rendering.
90.
?
?
...
?
91.
cum,
kum...
citu
...
linen
91a.
*sa
gallabu
sleeve (?)
^ib.
sinik
binu...
?
92.
? ?
......
JL
A_TTTY
tsupuru
nail inail-mark)destruction?
simmukharru
-
cillu
.
.
?
92^.
tabin [^^rebin],
A_YTYY
tsupru, masaru, tsum-
nail,
to
leave(?)
(?),
tail (?),
gadataccuru93.
bu, ubanu,
imdhumar-
peak, staff
dim, tim,
tiv, ti
ricsu, ricis'-kane,
bond, bundle of reeds, cable,
casu,
timmu
rofebenefit
94.
mun
(munu)...
dhabtupulugu
95.
pulugAssn.)
{from
division or choice
96.
en
-II. .
belu,
enu..
lord, lordtip to
adi
enu97, dara
samu
sky
...
-IMI-11^
turakhu
antilopethe
Ea
...
god
Ea
98,
mu
...
sumuzamaru, zarakhu,uru,tsar-
nameto
99,
sur (zur)
"V
make go forth,thing,
to rise,
body
nasakhu sa -
(or rising, removal
of anytrodden
amati, ridu, khabsu,capalu, zunnu, sum-
servant,(?),?,
downexist
rain, thus, to
ma, basu100.
sukh (sukh)
-VJT
pultu, matu, naparcu,
?,
country, to break, glory,to climb, the sea
?,
zimu, pallu, nasaku,
tihamtutiskhu
ramcuti
herd [or stay
?]
.
.
ASSYRIAN GRAMMAR.
SYLLABARY.Meaning.
II
Phonetic Value (Accadian word).
Cuneiform Character.
Assyrian rendering.
101.
sucusse,sakh(sakh),
Istar.
the goddess Istar
102.
surbu
prince
nakh, nikh103.
ba
...
episu,
banu,
zuzu,esiru,
to
make, toszvord,?,
create,
to fix,
a
cisu, nasaru,su, pitu
a
shrine, he, to
open
104.
zu, la
lamadu,
raddu,ca,
idu,
to learn, to
add, to know, wise,
mudu,104^'.
nindanu
%,
a gift
abzu
abzuzumuru,
the abyss
105.
^u, sir
tsuru,
ma-
a body,
?,
shin, to increase
sacu, raba
106.
sun
(s'un)
...
gablu
front {middle,
battle)
107.
mukmukmuk-nabizadimnit
muccubasmu^asinu(nitakh,
a buildingaltar of incense
lo'ja.
108.
plantardu
(?)
109.
zicaru,
.
.
man, slave
nita), eri
no.
idu, itu
arkhu...
monthprosperous, a bear, tiger
111, sakh, sukh
damaku, dabu, sakhu
112, sibir
^TII'
to open, establislicd,
sky
cunnu, samusig5>
maluatudu
to fill {give)
ii8a. sicca
^T!>^Y*
-^H
he-goat
119.
sa'ib
_.-**jJ_{somecon-
'urukhkhugunnu,pilutu,
roadpilu,
120.
si,
(s'e)
5=1^! ^^s\%
calu,bitru,
garden,choice,
entrailschoice,?,
{kidneys).
times
atsu-
growth of
fused withdar)121.
sa-etsi-u-kani
trees
and grass
mauz,
^mmus
elippu
a shipgoats' iiair
122.
^TTT-\\\...
123.
* * ur
^ ^m-"^
enzucalu naccalu
a complete
vessel
124.
ticul,
dellu
sukkullu, acu
intelligence, ?
dimsun125.
-TTT
surru
^TTI "gl^TIT
surru, calu
...
beginning
(?),
vessel
126.
guana?
^l\^Tf
kablueratu
middlepregjiant
127.
-TTT?y128.dir
adru, khalabu, sutruru,
daj-k, white, covered,
wanting,
^ITTf.saPir
khibu, mikid-isati
burning of fireblue
n
samusaku-sa-nisi
head of a manmalu,covering, to fill, vault
dak
nikhabbu,
ikubbu129.raa^, (alat)
^T-^f
tsabu, alapu
soldier,
warrior
spirit {bull)
ASSYRIAN
GRAMMAR. SYLLABARY.Meaning.
13
Phonetic Value (Accadian word).
Cuneiform Character.
Assyrian rendering.
130.
sak
(ris
in
-m-W^]"^Tl!^
risu,
karnu,
sangu,
/lead,
horn, chain, face, great.?
Ass.)
panu,
rabu, avilu,
man,
pukhu130a. sakussaku-sa-risi, asaridu...
top
of the head,
eldest
^^30^.
essat
?K
?
?
^31.132.
niukh
-^n:?!^
mukhkhu?
brain
(?)
?
'^IhV}^^piy^jnjifi
?
133-
uru
zicaru
malefemalehero
134.
'iru
"^TTt-*
nestu
H35.^^36.
gudhucantab (tap)...
-^m^
karraduadaru, adirtu
m
H37.
*
dark, eclipse
tsabatu,
tamakhu,
to
seize,
to(?),
hold,to
to
leave,
ezibu, sitenu, urad-
double
add
{give
du, tabbudili-dili-nabi
back), double
>?->
surru,
napkham
beginning, totality
B^
138.
ru (ra)
Hh
banuepisu, calasiccatu,
to to...
makemake, all(?), ?
kak
du, gag {some'
rapdu
door
>
banu, danu
to create, to judge
times
in
Ass. cal)
139.
ni,
neili
*?^
yahu [or yahu
i]
to be (?)to be (?)
zal (zalli),
akhkhuru,
namaru,
presence, toto
see,
week?,
(?),
man,(?),
masu, zicaru, azalu,narabu,
depart,
to
rest
nakhu,
want of *,
altar
sunku-sa-niz. cisallu
140.
ili
^TT' ^TT...
imin nabisalalu
?
141.
ir
^
to spoil
sucal
sucallu
fruit
.
14Phonetic Value (Accadian word).
ASSYRIAN GRAMMAR.
SYLLABARY.Meaning.
Cuneiform Character.
Assyrian rendering.
142.
mal, ma, egal, ga,pi-
...
^!
bitu,
sacanu
/wuse, to establish
^annuilba
saracu, maru, callu
.
.
to give,
young,
to restrain
143.
gusurHpFcisal
gusuru, idiu:Tcisallu
beam,altar
Iiero
1
44.
145.
?
...
?
...
146.
nen, lucu, ekhiismal
5^w1
ummurapsu
...
motherlarge
147.
?
...
ummu?
...
mother?.
148.
gapi...
149. ?
...
*w>ff-
alittu
t~ m
generatrix
150.
ega...
agu
...
crownmercy
151.
?
...
>w^
remu remuiclu,
152.
?
...
S(gana)
grace
153.
gan
padanu,
ginu,
field, plain, enclosure (garden),
gagunu gagunucar...
nabadhukhasasusapalu, cam...
lightintelligent {to determine)
lower, fortressto raise
aganateti
nasu ...
154.
dak...
>m}zibin,
napaldhu, rapadusutruru,
...
to survive^ ?
bara (par)155.cisim,surin,
adannunabbillu,
covered,
a seasonoflocusts
:^][^tm4^ih
biltu
tribute {a talent)
163.
kamu
a
crescent
164.
^...
emBilu
copper
165.
hubisegaSana
Belfour
i66.
(sa) (rear^
>->*~>-
irbu
I
1
irha.
in Ass.)
167.
abes
(ap,
abba)
abtu, esu, tamtubitu,
?, ?,
the sea
kabu
house, hollow (?)
168.
nab (nap)4a)
(see
^i^}
nuru...
light
169.
mul, ana-esse-
tth-]
caccabu, nabadhu
...
star, brightness
cu170. tak (tag), sum,
labanu, libitu, lapatu,baru, naclu
brick,
omen, hinge
(?),
lake
(?),
nas
completeto cut the throat {sacrifice)
sumtak, suridu...
dabakhuziihunu,labatsu,-
plenty
(?),
?,
stronghold of a(?), ?, ?,
makhatsu
sa
- ali,
city, ?,
lake
situated
salatsu, baru, salu,
nabatsu, nadu
i6
ASSYRIAN GRAMMAR.
SYLLABARY.Meaning.
Phonetic Value (Accadian word).
Cuneiform Character.
Assyrian rendering.
171.
caaz
...
^^?^2araon], great
(?)
174.
um, musdikhdub,
...
ummu,
libu,
dabacu
?, ?,
to cleave to
abnu, canacu-sa-abnidiblavu, dippu,
stone, signettablet,
tsabatu,
dociunent,
to
seize,
to
(duppa)
lavu, sapacu,
taba-
approach, to heap up,vp, to be
to?,
heap
cu, saraku,
tuppu,
red
(?),
pro
tsipu
duce
(?)
175.
sumuk^amakurud (urudu)
t"lT'^TTTy
sutu
,
library
(?)
176.
VYY
irtsitu
the earth
73.
taltal
;fxsem...
Ea
...
the god
Ea
74.
si,
se,
nadanu, sacarunadu,sapanu,idu,
to give, to giveto place, to
sweep aivay,
to lay,
samu, pala^u
to set, to
weigh (be favour-
able)si,
sunnu
...
ananu-sa-*,
lavu-sa-*
?,
tablet
of*
24
ASSYRIAN GRAMMAR.
SYLLABARY.
Phonetic Value (Accadian word).
Cuneiform Character.
Assyrian rendering.
Meaning.
275.
rakh,
ukhula
tTtm
?
?
276.
sar
...
sB iiiU...
sadhru, mus'aru,
sumu
to write,
an
inscription,?,
name
khir,
khur
zarakhu, zamaru, da-
to rise, to trees
dawn,
^rotctA 0/
rudu,u-kanikhir
atsu-sa-etsi-
and grass
arku, racis'u,ciru,
rucusu,iiabu,
green, to bind, bond, enclosure,all, to
calu,
proclaim, to cover
casu
cismakh,277.
*gu
}}
samucididucidinu,
sky
ubara
^1^1
glow {spark)rimutu,nira-
protection (law), grace, help
rutu
278.
asilal
^m^BiE'
risatu
eldest (Jirst)
279.
bat
duru, mitutu
fortress, death
280.
dadhru
dabibu
deviser
281.
mermer
nm'MM
Rammanu~
the air-god {Rinwion)
282.
lu
guk283.ga,
mn
dalakhu
to trouble ?
cuccutaru, nacaru, passakhu,
de
HT4
to
return, to change,over,toto
to
passto
napalu,
nakamu,
throw down,strip,?,
ecimu, cipupi, palakhu, calalu,saba-
ptmish,ship,to
to
wor-
complete,
staff (}),
dhu, nacru-sa-amati284.
breaker of faithto rest, rest,
cus
...
BrlfT!?^,sur, sur...3)
^U^
nakhu, nikhu, tsalamuiss'u,
shadow
{eclipse)
saccagunuuzzis
mighty, ?strongly (?)
izzis,5>
285.
ra
&Trsa
rakhatsu,ana, rapasu
akhazu,
to inundate, to take, to {for), to enlarge
V
la, lu,
not, ?
ASSYRIAN GRAMMAR.
SYLLABARY.Meaning.
25
Phonetic Value (Accaclian word).
Cuneiform Character.
Assyrian rendering.
285.
kal(?)
^ST
cipru
region {race)
286.
us'an
^hP^(in Pers. Insc.)
.?
?
286a. ?
napalculu
rebel
287.
sa,
gum,
cu,lu-
nisu, avilu
man,
man
mulu,gur, nita287^;.
azalak
EhSS-^ISST- -II
aziacu
?
287^^.
dinik
sibtsu
?
288.
sis
ESS'^
akhu, urinminatsaru,
brother, peacockto help, light
ur (uru)
num...
289.
da
\individu-
STT
pidnu, nasu-sa-nisi
field {furrow), top of
a man
alising affixin
pidhnu
yoke
Ace]
290,
zak
(sak), zik
ES>
simtusacanu, padinnu,
destiny
ma,
mamu
...
ET
matu
to dwell, plain, to
country
zacaru
commemorate{enchantment),to?,
292.
as
^>>
arratu, ciccinu, tsibutu,
curse
wish.
khasakhu, madadu
want,heaven
measure
dessu293gal,
samugallu,.
...
[tak
in
El-
rabu
...
great, great
Susian.]
293^. utaccal
El-
-^m*
utaccilu
?
293(^.
ulad
ET- X:X.\m\
dabikhu
?
26
ASSYRIAN GRAMMAR.
SYLLABARY.Meaning.
Phonetic Value (Accadian word).
Cuneiform Character.
Assyrian rendering.
293^;.
kigal
th
294.
?
m
-^W
muhirrukaru
ruler
to invoke
295. mir, ega
tW\...
agu, banu, uzzu^ibbu, sibkhu, iltanu
crown
(Jialo), tiara,
coronet
dhun-gunu
girdle,turhan (Heb. nHCD^),
north
(?)
296.
bar (bara)
...
mBB
paraccu, basamu,udu,risku
altar
{sacrifice),
balsam,
aloe,
nardincense(?),
sar (sara)
...
saru,
paraccu
altar
297.
bur,
gul
(?),
f??
?
?
323-
sud^u
ericu,
rukutu
to extend, distant??,
sir-gunuaru, zaraku, sulukhu,irisu,
ezu
bucketrequest
(?), (?),
pardon(?)
(?),
sakhalu
plague
324.
tsir (sir)
tsiru...
serpent
mus325.uz(uts,us),sir
musu
serpent
(?)
-^-n
ii-vi
usu, tsiru
?,
serpent
326.327.
tir
...
^^HH. m}}}
cisatu (kistu), dayanu,
jungle, judge
te,
dimmennadikh{of
temennu,cus'^u
tsabatu,
floor {foundation-stone),seize,
to
throne
te,
dakhu'
to
face
Ass. origin)
327^. mulla327(5.
^Ttemen-
T-
?
?
unu,
VT
??