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ARCHAIC CLASSICS.

ASSYRIAN GRAMMAR,AND

READING BOOK

I

:

ARCHAIC

CLASSICS.AN

ELEMENTARY GRAMMAR;WITH

FULL SYLLABARY

AND PROGRESSIVE READING BOOK,OF

THE ASSYRIAN LANGUAGE,IN

THE

CUNEIFORMBY

TYPE.

THEAuthor of

REV.

A.

H.

SAYCE, M.A.

FELLOW AND TUTOR OF QUEEN'S COLLEGE, OXFORD.

"An

Assyrian

Grammarf^ and

" The Principles of Comparative Philology.

Multae

terricolis linguae, ccelestibus

una.

LONDON

SAMUEL BAGSTER ANDIS,

SONS,

PATERNOSTER ROW.\^All rights reserved.]

S3^

TO

THE PRESIDENT AND MEMBERSOF THE

SOCIETY OF BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGYTHIS

VOLUMEIS

DEDICATED BY THE AUTHOR.

oiro

CONTENTSPAGE

PrefaceSyllabary

i

I

The NounsThe Numerals

4955

The Pronouns The VerbList of Prepositions

5763100102103

Compound

Prepositions

The Conjunctions The AdverbsDerivation of...

104105

Nouns

Phonology

106108

Reading Lessons

;

la

PREFACEThefollowing pages have been written in connection withphilology, which

my

lectures

upon Assyrian

were commenced

in the early part of

1875 under

the auspices of the Society of Biblical Archaeology, and through the exertions of

Mr.

W.

R. Cooper, the Secretary

oi"

the Society.difficulties

An

endeavour has been madeto the

for the first time to

smooth over the

which beset the entrance

study of the Assyrian inscriptions, and so attract students to this

new andpublished,

important branch of research.

When my

"

Assyrian

Grammar " was

three years ago, a knowledge of the language wasthere

still

confined to the few, and

seemed

little

prospect that the small band of Assyriologues would be

muchtwo

increased for a long while to come.;

My

work was

therefore addressed to

classes of readers

to those

who were

already able to read the inscriptions,into details

and could appreciate a grammar which enteredscholarship,

and points of

and to those who were acquainted with the better-known Semitic

languages, but wished to learn something of the

new

dialect

which had been so

unexpectedly revealed, and promised to throw such a flood of light on Semiticphilology in general.distant has

The

prospect, however, that three years agorealised.

seemed so

been more than

Assyrian has become a "popular" subjectdistrust

and the world of scholars which once looked with

upon the labours of

ii

Preface.

the decipherers, has at last

awakened

to their interest

and importance.

Students

are flocking in from

all sides,

and elementary grammars and progressive reading-

books, like those which initiate the pupil intocalled for.

Hebrew

or Greek, are needed and

The

present volume

is

intended to meet this demand.will

The

cuneiform type

which has been freely used throughoutforms of the characters, and asall

accustom the eye of the reader to the

transliterated

words are divided

into syllables,

even where the Assyrian texttheir original

is

not added, he will be able to reduce them into

forms.

Care has been taken not to burden the memory withlists

unnecessary matter; and practical experience has proved that tabular

of

nouns, verbs, and particles, such as are given in the second part of the book, arethe best

means

for

impressing the rudiments of a

new language upon the mind.

A separateinto details

chapter on the syntax has been omitted, since any attempt to enter

would be inconsistent with the plan of the Grammar, whilein

it

has

been found more convenient to state those few cases of importanceAssyriandiffers

which

from the syntactical usage of other languages

in those places

of the accidence to

which they naturally belong.

The

notes appended to

each of the reading-lessons are designed to lead the student on to a more

advanced and independent acquaintance with the language, and so complete the

work of a

practical

and elementary grammar.whichfirst

The mainlater

difficulty is the Syllabary, the larger part of

will

sooner or

have to be learnt by

heart.

The

beginner

is

advised

to

commit

to

memory

the characters which express open syllables, given in pp. 46 and 47, as

well as the Determinative Prefixesat the monosyllabic closed syllables.

and Affixes given

in p. 48,

and then

to

work

Experience alone can show him what areis

the

commoner and more

favourite values with which a characterlearner,

used

;

and he

must be content to be continually ahis side for

keeping the Syllabary constantly at

purposes of reference, and remembering that any endeavour to learn

Preface.

iii

the whole Syllabary

is

a needless and useless task.

He

will

soon come to know

what characters and what values are most frequently employed, and whatideographs are most likely to occurin

the inscriptions.

The

hieroglyphic origin of the Syllabary, and

its

adaptation to the wants of

a foreign language, will give the key towith.Its

manyan

of the difficulties he will meetdialect;

Accadian

inventors

spoke

agglutinative

and

each

hieroglyphic, which in course of time

came

to be corrupted into a cuneiform

character (like the

modern Chinese),

originally expressed theit

sound of the word

denoting the object or idea for whichfor

stood.

The same

picture could stand

more

ideas than one, and might therefore be pronounced in

more than one

way, so that when the Semitic Assyrians (or rather Babylonians) borrowed thecuneiform system of writing, using what were words in Accadian as merephonetic values, polyphony became inevitable, and the same character repre-

sented several phonetic powers.

Even

in

Accadian the characters could be;

employed phonetically as well as ideographically

and the Assyrians, while

turning the dictionary of the Accadians into a huge syllabary, did not forget thehieroglyphic origin of the writing, but reserved to themselves the

power of using

a character not only as the representative of a syllabic sound, but also as anideograph to which of course a Semitic pronunciation was attached.

Manyy*"

of the characters exhibit their primitive form at the

first

glance;

for instance, clearly standing for " the

tongue of a balance."is

In other cases

the resemblance to the objects originally signifiedsimplified forms of the characters as used in Assyria,

not very visible in the

and we have to go back to

the archaic

Babylonian type to detect the likeness." the

Thus

^y

has lost

all

resemblance tothat

sun

;"

and

it

is

not until

we remember

the archaic

'Z^

we

discover the circle which stood for the great luminary of day.

A large

number of characters are compound, and when they are used ideographicallytheir

meaning can often be determined by considering what

is

the meaning of the

iv

Preface.

separate characters of which they are

made

up.

Thus >-^Y^ymonth"

is

"

a mouth,"

and

Yjf

"

a drop of water

;"

the

compound

-^jY?J

therefore naturally denotes theis

act of " drinking."

So, again, the Assyrian >-*^\ " a4^(4^

the simplified

form of the archaic J>>>

nacasu, buligu

fa cut, division ?to roll

khaskhal

khasugararu

storm ily

3.

pulukhuZLIZU...

rci'crence

a fixtureeighteen

?

>-ana. .

[sumunesrit]sakQ, samu,

4.

an,

anna, annab

-T5?

ilu, ilu,

Ann,Anu,

high, sky, god, the godhigh, sky, god, the god

saku, samu,ilu

Anu Anu

dimir, dingir...

1>

godstardivinity of corn

sa essa

cacabuilutu sa sibri

an4a.

J

supultu

dephdivinity,

nab

(see

168)

->*>->*-

nabbunalbar-same...

4f...

^^P^

the zenith

4c.

alat,

alap

-+ ^!T^?

sedu

spirit {divine bull)

4//.

lammaSi\a.p(Ass.va/.)

lama^su

colossuscolossus

buhidu

5.

khazkhats)

(khas,

^5>

nadu, nacasu

to place, to cut

kut (kud)tarsil(j>il,

nacasu, gazarunacasu, danu,suku,

to cut, to cut to cut, to Judge, to set

^J

samu

sila)

...

?)

panu

...

canal, before

gug, citauima

?

6.

sallatu, halacu, eribu

spoil, to go, to

descend {flow)

pal

^i^fiJ^

ebiru,

etiku,

palu,

to cross, to

pass through, timerevolt,

napalcutu,

nucuru,

or year, to

enemy.

palutal...5>

swordto cross, to

ebiru, etiku

pass throughof a

pal

U(?)

supilu

sa

sinnis.

sexual

part

woman.

pukhkhusupiltu

sa sinnis,

sextial

part of a wojnan.

the lower partto sacrifice...

nuk

? tj

naku...

zabur...

admu,

akhri, khiru

man, behind, lord

ASSYRIAN GRAMMAR.

SYLLABARY.'Meaning.

Phonetic Value (Accadian word).

Cuneiform Character.

Assyrian rendering.

7.

bat,

be

>--se, to

open, to die, old, ?

uduntucomplete,corpse,

til,

badhdhu

...

1)

gamaru, pagru, katu

hand

us

damu...

blood {offspring)

khar

ziz(?), mit,

idim

nakbu, samu, captu,belu, enuva, tseru

channel, heaven,

heavy, lord,

when, desert

8.

lugud

^'^r'-

edisu

solitary

basmu, butu, macaru,

sweet odour, desert

(?), to

sell(?)

garmnaciru, sannu,

or exchange, expedition

13.

kur

...

pappu

to change,

enemy, othermale,

(?)

pap

pappu, zicaru, tarbu,natsaru,

other

(?),

young man,

to

akhu

defend, brother

13^.

*khal,

dili-dili-

itallucu

a path

nabigisi-u-khallacu

pusku samsu

diffiadt

road

(?)

14.

utuci

...

i^-^^...

the

Sun

15.

zubu

...

gamlusicru...

benefit

gam16.taltal

kindness

^Ix

Ea

thegod

Hea

ASSYRIAN

GRAMMAR.SYLLABARY,.Assyrian rendering.

Phonetic Value (Accadian word).

Cuneiform Character.

Meaning.

17.

zicura

S?H?..

citim

loiuer or baieath

18.

cit,

cuda, se

^f

?nf.

^HU

epikhu, carasu

to

blow, property

{standard,

camp)calu, ezibu, pata

the whole, to leave, to open?

^aburagudibir

>j>

cupkhu

Maruducu

...

Merodach

tak

19.

seslamka, gita

^?}i-T...

cipratu

race or region

20,

...

determinative of measureto

21.

cit (kit, cat)

^III-211. ^

sumu, santu,

zicaru,

name, year, memorial,

to give.

nadanu, ya, samu

my, sky?, ?, ?,

masaddu,

cu'asu, kha-

throfte, ?

lacu, cuss'u,

vacu

nurma23^. ?

>j

>^TV{Assyrianzir)

idlutu

strength

24.

nupatcsi

la, (ul),

tsalamu

not,

imagei^iceroy)

zicaru

maleseed

25.

kulvahie

T^A

--l

sagaburu

38.

sucit (?)

-tT^XTT

passuru

Lenormant '' kind ofparasoV

(See No. 197*^.)

38a.

kal, gar

-m-Id

?

?

39.

ca, gu, cir, du,

pu, amatu, appu,panu,inu,

mouth, fealty, face, face,ear,

eye,

uznu,

bunnu,

form, front,

foot, sight,?,

makhru, sepu, amaru,

completion, to speak,?,

push,

amanu,

kabu,

mass, country (properly

1H^K39a.39^.

sasu,ricmu, sagamu,cibu,

face of the country)

matugod of theall,

dukgu, cagu

ilu sa

napkhari, erisu

universe, to ask

calu,

saku

sa

me,

drinking of water, seal

canicuj>

ricim,

sunnu,

idculu

blow, a half, confidence

(?)

duddhugude

>~ >- >-Y^Y >->-Y >~ Y

dabibu, palu, idacculu

deviser,

?,

?

nabu,

khababu,

na-

proclaimer, lover

(?),

?

gagu39

takhatsu

battle

41.

-^^"-^m-d-^\, >-ri^"'

glory {name)lisanu

42.

emi

tongue {language)

43.

?

saptu

lip {sentence)

44-

?

-rf'^n'-t:fei

saptu,

tsumu

lip, thirst

45.46.

?

tsumuacalu,

thirst {fast)

cu

-ti^y

khadhdhu

...

to eat, food {^"^ti)

47.

mu?

4'*^

camuI1

to

burn

(?)

48.

^^I^H^f

pukhkhutsalamtu

the breath

49-

?

-^Esl

darkness?

50.

ibira

.-I^I......

damkaruorigin)

(0/

Ace,

51.

?

ikhimut^^

he burnt {devoured)

?

51^.

?

?

52

?

>-J:Ts:TTTi^y

?

?

53-

?

-t:rt"'f...

?

?

54.

bat

-^B^^iri-E:rxMrT|

imtu?

poison {philtre)terror

55-?56.?

?

?

57-

nak?...

-tinj...

satu

...

to

drink

58.

-^It-^I-El

uru

...

...

.;.

city

59-

la

laluru,

khazbu

?,

?

ASSYRIAN GRAMMAR.

SYLLABARY.Meaning.

Phonetic Value (Accadian word).

Cuneiform Character.

Assyrian rendering.

60.

tu

-^T.tnra>)

am

eribu,

summatumurtsu

fo descend or eufer or sei (of

the Sun), seasonturi,

(?)

eribu,

fo descend,

^'c, sickness

61.

li

raru, lilisu{note these variant fonns)

?,

?

gub, guni

illu

high ox precious

62,

apin, pin, uru

-Bl>>

epinu, ussu

foundation

(city)

engar

iccaru

ground

{diggitig)

6;^.

makh

^

YY

tsiru,

makhkhu {from Ace), rubu, mahdu

supreme, supreme, great,

much

>

bahalu, tublu, tizkaru

prince

(?),

sovereign

(?),

?

64.

bar,

mas

+

paratsu,

burru,

baru.

to

divide,to

half,

half,

bound,after.

usuru, tsindu, akhratu,

bind,

another,

akhkhuru,

future,

future,

a

second,

_.

tsatu, rikatu, akhatu.

brother^ other, after, gazelle

akhu, akhitu, arcu.tsabiu5>

camatu,

gabbi,

tinu.

heap

(?),

all,

?,

?,

oracle,

enitu, pisaktu, cabitu,

much, as?, ?,

many as,

to weigh.tipper,(?),

mala,

palasu,

the Tigris,battle,

?, ?, ?,

tuhamu, zibtu, dallu.cisittu, nis'u,elitu,

chain ^

firstborn

ruzzu.

eldest, cattle,son,Jirstborn (?),

sanku, makh-

white,

?,

to see,

?,

to

aban-

azu,bidhru, asaridu,pulu,

don, body, the liver

maru,

bidhlibutu,

ramu, ibbu,

amaru, masu, vassaru,

zumru, cabadtu

mas

...

JJ

masu, Adaru,ellu,^tsabitu,sa-ecili

asibu.

?,

the god Adar, to dwell, high{precious),to

mazu-

take,

burn-

ing

(?)

of afield

^a

radhup

165.

rat, sit

-TT-

ASSYRIAN GRAMMAR.

SYLLABARY.

Phonetic Value (Accadian word).

Cuneiform Character.

Assyrian rendering.

Meaning.

66.

nunhumis,(?)

nibu, rabu, nunu, {fr.Ace.)

prince, great, prince

zil,

sil,

khan66 a,

asagara

asagaru

a hurricanerest or eclipse

67.

tur,

silam

(?)...

tarbatsu

68.

silam, akar

...

?

rawrence

(?)

69.

biru

{perhaps

suttu,

uritsu,

tsiptu,

dream,revenue

offspring,

product,

Ass.)

nipikhuzibbatu,

70.

cun?

...

zumbu

tail, tail

71.

...

?

?

72.

?

?

?

73.

khu, pak

itstsuru, saru

bird, king (?)?

khu,pak,musen74.

w

musennuciribu,

pacac^a...

sumelu

middle, leftto proclaim

hand

75.

nabuiku {or ikku), daltu

76.

ik

?,

door, quick journey, to open,

khamdhu,nukhsugal...

patu

prosperity

basu,

sacunu,

nasu

to be, placed, to raise, brick

labinugal...

ikku, rutstsunu,

malucanu

?, ?,

to fill,

to diuell, to open,

asabu, natsaru77.

pitu,

to establish, to

defend

tsim, zim,

namof

-TI^

simtu, sakhalu

destiny,

plague

(?)

{Ace. prefix

abstractfioun)

nam

nabu, simmu

to proclaim, destiny

nammu,78.

pikhatu,

ma

?,

a governor,

this

pak

(?)

-TI^

iM

itstsuru

a bird

ASSYRIAN GRAMMAR.

SYLLABARY.

Phonetic Value (Accadian word).

Cuneiform Character,

Assyrian rendering.

Meaning.

79.

mut

...

-m-w-TTA

banu,

damu,

uppu,

to

create,

blood,?,

?,

to

bear

aladu, icbu, bisru,

children,

fiesh, seed

barradu

musendugusi80.zi

napistu,

nisu,

pilu,

life {soul),

man

{spirit),

work,to

nasakhu, diku, bua,saparu81.gi, ^a...

to

take away,

smitten,

come, to send

kanu,

duppu-sadhru,

reed, writtention,

tablet,

foundacountry,all,?,

simtu, zicaru, matu,esiri,

memorial,restore,

taru,

gimiru,

bands, toestablished

pudak, cunu

81^82.?

caradin

cissu

multitudinous

?

83.

ri,

tal

tallu,

ramu,

lilu,

mound,

height,

?,

?,

?,

to fly

tsakku,

parasu-sa-

awaybrilliance

rikhuti, parsidu

di

...

nabadhunadusaruru

es

brightness {of

a

star)

sa

the firmament

84.

gubkat

...

-III.

m-T^T::

sumelu

left

hand hand

...

gubbuorigin)

(0/ Accadian

left

85-

tun,

khub

khasucarasu saetsi

86.

pulugac, gar

implement of woodto

87.

-0.

episu, banu,

makharu,kharap-

make,sent,

to build, to be preto

nabu,sisu,

Nabu,pit-uzni,

proclaim,the

Nebo,opejicr

the intelligent,

sa-uzni, khubbu-sa-

of the

ears,

the enlarger of

kani

the ears, holloiv of a reed

ac88.

belu...

...

lord

mesus

takhatsu

battle

.89.

...

?

?

.

. .

JOPhonetic Value (Accadian word).

ASSYRIAN GRAMMAR.

SYLLABARY.Meaning.

Cuneiform Character.

Assyrian rendering.

90.

?

?

...

?

91.

cum,

kum...

citu

...

linen

91a.

*sa

gallabu

sleeve (?)

^ib.

sinik

binu...

?

92.

? ?

......

JL

A_TTTY

tsupuru

nail inail-mark)destruction?

simmukharru

-

cillu

.

.

?

92^.

tabin [^^rebin],

A_YTYY

tsupru, masaru, tsum-

nail,

to

leave(?)

(?),

tail (?),

gadataccuru93.

bu, ubanu,

imdhumar-

peak, staff

dim, tim,

tiv, ti

ricsu, ricis'-kane,

bond, bundle of reeds, cable,

casu,

timmu

rofebenefit

94.

mun

(munu)...

dhabtupulugu

95.

pulugAssn.)

{from

division or choice

96.

en

-II. .

belu,

enu..

lord, lordtip to

adi

enu97, dara

samu

sky

...

-IMI-11^

turakhu

antilopethe

Ea

...

god

Ea

98,

mu

...

sumuzamaru, zarakhu,uru,tsar-

nameto

99,

sur (zur)

"V

make go forth,thing,

to rise,

body

nasakhu sa -

(or rising, removal

of anytrodden

amati, ridu, khabsu,capalu, zunnu, sum-

servant,(?),?,

downexist

rain, thus, to

ma, basu100.

sukh (sukh)

-VJT

pultu, matu, naparcu,

?,

country, to break, glory,to climb, the sea

?,

zimu, pallu, nasaku,

tihamtutiskhu

ramcuti

herd [or stay

?]

.

.

ASSYRIAN GRAMMAR.

SYLLABARY.Meaning.

II

Phonetic Value (Accadian word).

Cuneiform Character.

Assyrian rendering.

101.

sucusse,sakh(sakh),

Istar.

the goddess Istar

102.

surbu

prince

nakh, nikh103.

ba

...

episu,

banu,

zuzu,esiru,

to

make, toszvord,?,

create,

to fix,

a

cisu, nasaru,su, pitu

a

shrine, he, to

open

104.

zu, la

lamadu,

raddu,ca,

idu,

to learn, to

add, to know, wise,

mudu,104^'.

nindanu

%,

a gift

abzu

abzuzumuru,

the abyss

105.

^u, sir

tsuru,

ma-

a body,

?,

shin, to increase

sacu, raba

106.

sun

(s'un)

...

gablu

front {middle,

battle)

107.

mukmukmuk-nabizadimnit

muccubasmu^asinu(nitakh,

a buildingaltar of incense

lo'ja.

108.

plantardu

(?)

109.

zicaru,

.

.

man, slave

nita), eri

no.

idu, itu

arkhu...

monthprosperous, a bear, tiger

111, sakh, sukh

damaku, dabu, sakhu

112, sibir

^TII'

to open, establislicd,

sky

cunnu, samusig5>

maluatudu

to fill {give)

ii8a. sicca

^T!>^Y*

-^H

he-goat

119.

sa'ib

_.-**jJ_{somecon-

'urukhkhugunnu,pilutu,

roadpilu,

120.

si,

(s'e)

5=1^! ^^s\%

calu,bitru,

garden,choice,

entrailschoice,?,

{kidneys).

times

atsu-

growth of

fused withdar)121.

sa-etsi-u-kani

trees

and grass

mauz,

^mmus

elippu

a shipgoats' iiair

122.

^TTT-\\\...

123.

* * ur

^ ^m-"^

enzucalu naccalu

a complete

vessel

124.

ticul,

dellu

sukkullu, acu

intelligence, ?

dimsun125.

-TTT

surru

^TTI "gl^TIT

surru, calu

...

beginning

(?),

vessel

126.

guana?

^l\^Tf

kablueratu

middlepregjiant

127.

-TTT?y128.dir

adru, khalabu, sutruru,

daj-k, white, covered,

wanting,

^ITTf.saPir

khibu, mikid-isati

burning of fireblue

n

samusaku-sa-nisi

head of a manmalu,covering, to fill, vault

dak

nikhabbu,

ikubbu129.raa^, (alat)

^T-^f

tsabu, alapu

soldier,

warrior

spirit {bull)

ASSYRIAN

GRAMMAR. SYLLABARY.Meaning.

13

Phonetic Value (Accadian word).

Cuneiform Character.

Assyrian rendering.

130.

sak

(ris

in

-m-W^]"^Tl!^

risu,

karnu,

sangu,

/lead,

horn, chain, face, great.?

Ass.)

panu,

rabu, avilu,

man,

pukhu130a. sakussaku-sa-risi, asaridu...

top

of the head,

eldest

^^30^.

essat

?K

?

?

^31.132.

niukh

-^n:?!^

mukhkhu?

brain

(?)

?

'^IhV}^^piy^jnjifi

?

133-

uru

zicaru

malefemalehero

134.

'iru

"^TTt-*

nestu

H35.^^36.

gudhucantab (tap)...

-^m^

karraduadaru, adirtu

m

H37.

*

dark, eclipse

tsabatu,

tamakhu,

to

seize,

to(?),

hold,to

to

leave,

ezibu, sitenu, urad-

double

add

{give

du, tabbudili-dili-nabi

back), double

>?->

surru,

napkham

beginning, totality

B^

138.

ru (ra)

Hh

banuepisu, calasiccatu,

to to...

makemake, all(?), ?

kak

du, gag {some'

rapdu

door

>

banu, danu

to create, to judge

times

in

Ass. cal)

139.

ni,

neili

*?^

yahu [or yahu

i]

to be (?)to be (?)

zal (zalli),

akhkhuru,

namaru,

presence, toto

see,

week?,

(?),

man,(?),

masu, zicaru, azalu,narabu,

depart,

to

rest

nakhu,

want of *,

altar

sunku-sa-niz. cisallu

140.

ili

^TT' ^TT...

imin nabisalalu

?

141.

ir

^

to spoil

sucal

sucallu

fruit

.

14Phonetic Value (Accadian word).

ASSYRIAN GRAMMAR.

SYLLABARY.Meaning.

Cuneiform Character.

Assyrian rendering.

142.

mal, ma, egal, ga,pi-

...

^!

bitu,

sacanu

/wuse, to establish

^annuilba

saracu, maru, callu

.

.

to give,

young,

to restrain

143.

gusurHpFcisal

gusuru, idiu:Tcisallu

beam,altar

Iiero

1

44.

145.

?

...

?

...

146.

nen, lucu, ekhiismal

5^w1

ummurapsu

...

motherlarge

147.

?

...

ummu?

...

mother?.

148.

gapi...

149. ?

...

*w>ff-

alittu

t~ m

generatrix

150.

ega...

agu

...

crownmercy

151.

?

...

>w^

remu remuiclu,

152.

?

...

S(gana)

grace

153.

gan

padanu,

ginu,

field, plain, enclosure (garden),

gagunu gagunucar...

nabadhukhasasusapalu, cam...

lightintelligent {to determine)

lower, fortressto raise

aganateti

nasu ...

154.

dak...

>m}zibin,

napaldhu, rapadusutruru,

...

to survive^ ?

bara (par)155.cisim,surin,

adannunabbillu,

covered,

a seasonoflocusts

:^][^tm4^ih

biltu

tribute {a talent)

163.

kamu

a

crescent

164.

^...

emBilu

copper

165.

hubisegaSana

Belfour

i66.

(sa) (rear^

>->*~>-

irbu

I

1

irha.

in Ass.)

167.

abes

(ap,

abba)

abtu, esu, tamtubitu,

?, ?,

the sea

kabu

house, hollow (?)

168.

nab (nap)4a)

(see

^i^}

nuru...

light

169.

mul, ana-esse-

tth-]

caccabu, nabadhu

...

star, brightness

cu170. tak (tag), sum,

labanu, libitu, lapatu,baru, naclu

brick,

omen, hinge

(?),

lake

(?),

nas

completeto cut the throat {sacrifice)

sumtak, suridu...

dabakhuziihunu,labatsu,-

plenty

(?),

?,

stronghold of a(?), ?, ?,

makhatsu

sa

- ali,

city, ?,

lake

situated

salatsu, baru, salu,

nabatsu, nadu

i6

ASSYRIAN GRAMMAR.

SYLLABARY.Meaning.

Phonetic Value (Accadian word).

Cuneiform Character.

Assyrian rendering.

171.

caaz

...

^^?^2araon], great

(?)

174.

um, musdikhdub,

...

ummu,

libu,

dabacu

?, ?,

to cleave to

abnu, canacu-sa-abnidiblavu, dippu,

stone, signettablet,

tsabatu,

dociunent,

to

seize,

to

(duppa)

lavu, sapacu,

taba-

approach, to heap up,vp, to be

to?,

heap

cu, saraku,

tuppu,

red

(?),

pro

tsipu

duce

(?)

175.

sumuk^amakurud (urudu)

t"lT'^TTTy

sutu

,

library

(?)

176.

VYY

irtsitu

the earth

73.

taltal

;fxsem...

Ea

...

the god

Ea

74.

si,

se,

nadanu, sacarunadu,sapanu,idu,

to give, to giveto place, to

sweep aivay,

to lay,

samu, pala^u

to set, to

weigh (be favour-

able)si,

sunnu

...

ananu-sa-*,

lavu-sa-*

?,

tablet

of*

24

ASSYRIAN GRAMMAR.

SYLLABARY.

Phonetic Value (Accadian word).

Cuneiform Character.

Assyrian rendering.

Meaning.

275.

rakh,

ukhula

tTtm

?

?

276.

sar

...

sB iiiU...

sadhru, mus'aru,

sumu

to write,

an

inscription,?,

name

khir,

khur

zarakhu, zamaru, da-

to rise, to trees

dawn,

^rotctA 0/

rudu,u-kanikhir

atsu-sa-etsi-

and grass

arku, racis'u,ciru,

rucusu,iiabu,

green, to bind, bond, enclosure,all, to

calu,

proclaim, to cover

casu

cismakh,277.

*gu

}}

samucididucidinu,

sky

ubara

^1^1

glow {spark)rimutu,nira-

protection (law), grace, help

rutu

278.

asilal

^m^BiE'

risatu

eldest (Jirst)

279.

bat

duru, mitutu

fortress, death

280.

dadhru

dabibu

deviser

281.

mermer

nm'MM

Rammanu~

the air-god {Rinwion)

282.

lu

guk283.ga,

mn

dalakhu

to trouble ?

cuccutaru, nacaru, passakhu,

de

HT4

to

return, to change,over,toto

to

passto

napalu,

nakamu,

throw down,strip,?,

ecimu, cipupi, palakhu, calalu,saba-

ptmish,ship,to

to

wor-

complete,

staff (}),

dhu, nacru-sa-amati284.

breaker of faithto rest, rest,

cus

...

BrlfT!?^,sur, sur...3)

^U^

nakhu, nikhu, tsalamuiss'u,

shadow

{eclipse)

saccagunuuzzis

mighty, ?strongly (?)

izzis,5>

285.

ra

&Trsa

rakhatsu,ana, rapasu

akhazu,

to inundate, to take, to {for), to enlarge

V

la, lu,

not, ?

ASSYRIAN GRAMMAR.

SYLLABARY.Meaning.

25

Phonetic Value (Accaclian word).

Cuneiform Character.

Assyrian rendering.

285.

kal(?)

^ST

cipru

region {race)

286.

us'an

^hP^(in Pers. Insc.)

.?

?

286a. ?

napalculu

rebel

287.

sa,

gum,

cu,lu-

nisu, avilu

man,

man

mulu,gur, nita287^;.

azalak

EhSS-^ISST- -II

aziacu

?

287^^.

dinik

sibtsu

?

288.

sis

ESS'^

akhu, urinminatsaru,

brother, peacockto help, light

ur (uru)

num...

289.

da

\individu-

STT

pidnu, nasu-sa-nisi

field {furrow), top of

a man

alising affixin

pidhnu

yoke

Ace]

290,

zak

(sak), zik

ES>

simtusacanu, padinnu,

destiny

ma,

mamu

...

ET

matu

to dwell, plain, to

country

zacaru

commemorate{enchantment),to?,

292.

as

^>>

arratu, ciccinu, tsibutu,

curse

wish.

khasakhu, madadu

want,heaven

measure

dessu293gal,

samugallu,.

...

[tak

in

El-

rabu

...

great, great

Susian.]

293^. utaccal

El-

-^m*

utaccilu

?

293(^.

ulad

ET- X:X.\m\

dabikhu

?

26

ASSYRIAN GRAMMAR.

SYLLABARY.Meaning.

Phonetic Value (Accadian word).

Cuneiform Character.

Assyrian rendering.

293^;.

kigal

th

294.

?

m

-^W

muhirrukaru

ruler

to invoke

295. mir, ega

tW\...

agu, banu, uzzu^ibbu, sibkhu, iltanu

crown

(Jialo), tiara,

coronet

dhun-gunu

girdle,turhan (Heb. nHCD^),

north

(?)

296.

bar (bara)

...

mBB

paraccu, basamu,udu,risku

altar

{sacrifice),

balsam,

aloe,

nardincense(?),

sar (sara)

...

saru,

paraccu

altar

297.

bur,

gul

(?),

f??

?

?

323-

sud^u

ericu,

rukutu

to extend, distant??,

sir-gunuaru, zaraku, sulukhu,irisu,

ezu

bucketrequest

(?), (?),

pardon(?)

(?),

sakhalu

plague

324.

tsir (sir)

tsiru...

serpent

mus325.uz(uts,us),sir

musu

serpent

(?)

-^-n

ii-vi

usu, tsiru

?,

serpent

326.327.

tir

...

^^HH. m}}}

cisatu (kistu), dayanu,

jungle, judge

te,

dimmennadikh{of

temennu,cus'^u

tsabatu,

floor {foundation-stone),seize,

to

throne

te,

dakhu'

to

face

Ass. origin)

327^. mulla327(5.

^Ttemen-

T-

?

?

unu,

VT

??