Are seeds applicable as a back-up of clonally maintained germplasm?PANEL DISCUSSIONKim, Mark, Christopher, Maria
Objective: To discuss if and when seeds may be used as a back-up of vegetatively maintained germplasm.
What other options do we have to securely store genetic resources maintained as clonal germplasm.
Are (when) seeds applicable as a back-up of clonally maintained germplasm?
1. Importance of clonal-back upWhy clonally maintained accessions should be backed-up as vegetative propagules
2. Would a seed back-up of clonally maintained accessions be complimentary or it may replace vegetative propagules
3. What should we consider? What are the conservation targets?
Importance of clonesWhy clonally maintained accessions should
be backed-up as vegetative propagules Specific qualities of the genotype
ONLY VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION WILL DO
Importance of clonesONLY VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION WILL DO
Importance of clonesONLY VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION WILL DO
Eat your pigments!
Clones or speciesSpecies diversityRepresentative of the species
SEEDPears from Armenia
Clones or SpeciesSpecies diversityRepresentative of the species
SEED
Fragaria iinumae, Hokkaido
Clones or speciesSpecies diversityRepresentative of the species
SEED
Vaccinium hirsutum, Georgia
Both Clones and Seeds!
Clonal representation of specific genotypes
Seeds for species diversity
WHEN WOULD SEED PRODUCTION FROM CLONALLY-MAINTAINED ACCESSIONS COMPLEMENT OR POTENTIALLY REPLACE VEGETATIVE PROPAGULES?
A few points to consider…
CAN WE VERIFY THAT THE CLONE IS BEING MAINTAINED BECAUSE OF ITS SPECIFIC GENOTYPE?
Certain clones might be maintained more for convenience, fitting in with a larger, clonal management system…
DOES THE CLONE PRODUCE SEEDS THAT STORE WELL?
Two issues here:The ability to produce seeds (sterility,
dioecy)Seed-storage characteristics
POPULATION-LEVEL CONSIDERATIONS
Is the clone a member of a larger population?
Are there other members of that population available and can the clone be mated with them?
WHEN THERE IS NO “LARGER POPULATION”
Can the clone produce apomictic seeds?
Can the clone self-pollinate?Self-incompatibilityInbreeding depression
What is the conservation target?
GenesGenotypesLineages
As an option what are the trade offs involved?
Cost of supporting clonal propagationRisk of lossImmediate utility vs long term backup
What is the accession history?
Sample contextPopulation structure
2 Clones from aRecombining population
Sampling issue in clonal conservation
China: Hupehensis: 129 Kansuensis: 2 Prattii: 29 Sieboldii: 53 Toringoides: 68 Transitoria: 20 Zhaojiaoensis: 24
Kazakhstan: Sieversii: Kirghisorum: 7
Turkey: Orientalis: 504
Germany: Sylvestris 47
Wild Malus Accessions