Applications of Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Grid
Presented by Zhongming Zheng
Outline
• Introduction• System Model• OREM• iHEM Application• Performance evaluation
Introduction
• Smart grid– Modern electric power-grid infrastructure– For improving efficiency, reliability and safety– With integration of renewable and alternative
energy sources– Through automated control and modern
communication technologies
Introduction
• The key factor– Online power system condition monitoring,
diagnostic, and protection– Reliable and online information– Avoid power disturbances and outages due to
equipment failures, capacity limitations, natural accidents and catastrophes
Introduction
• Possible Solutions– Traditional wired monitoring systems• Expensive communication cable installations• Expensive regularly maintenance• Not widely implemented today due to high cost
Introduction
• Possible Solutions– Wireless sensor networks• Rapid deployment• Low cost• Flexibility• Aggregated intelligence via parallel processing
Introduction
• Existing and potential applications of WSNs on smart grid– Wireless automatic meter reading– Remote system monitoring and equipment fault
diagnostic
Introduction
• Wireless automatic meter reading– Reduce electric utility operational costs (No need
for human readers)– Online pricing based on online energy
consumption of the customers– Asset protection through advanced remote
monitoring – WSNs provide low-cost and low-power solution
Introduction
• Remote system monitoring and equipment fault diagnostic– Avoid or largely alleviated power-grid and facility
breakdowns– Existing remote sensing, monitoring and fault
diagnostic solutions are too expensive– WSNs provide cost-effective sensing and
communication solution in a remote and online manner
Introduction
• Challenges to apply WSNs in smart grid– Harsh environmental conditions– Reliability and latency requirements– Packet errors and variable link capacity– Resource constraints
Overview
• Previous work– Propose an in-home energy management application– Employ a wireless sensor home area network– Exploit communications among the appliances and an
energy management unit
• This work– Develop the optimization-based residential energy
management scheme– Aim to minimize the energy expenses of the consumers – Schedule appliances to less expensive hours according to the
time of use tariff
Outline
• Introduction• System Model• OREM• iHEM Application• Performance evaluation
System Model
• System Configuration– Home area network– Utilize Zigbee protocol– Divide one day into equal-length timeslots– Various timeslots may have different price
Outline
• Introduction• System Model• OREM• iHEM Application• Performance evaluation
Optimization-Based Residential Energy Management (OREM)
• The consumer requests are given in advance• Objective function– Minimize the total energy expenses
Optimization-Based Residential Energy Management (OREM)
• Constraints– the total duration of the cycles of the scheduled
appliances does not exceed the length of the timeslot that is assigned for them
Optimization-Based Residential Energy Management (OREM)
• Constraints– A cycle may start at the end of one timeslot and it
will naturally continue in the consecutive timeslot.– An appliance cycle is fully accommodated without
experiencing any interruptions
Optimization-Based Residential Energy Management (OREM)
• Constraints– Bound the maximum delay to two timeslots to
reduce consumer discomfort and to avoid bursts of request
Outline
• Introduction• System Model• OREM• iHEM Application• Performance evaluation
In-Home Energy Management(iHEM)
• Consumer demands are processed in real time• Objective– Decrease the cost of energy usage at home– Minimize the comfort degradation for the
consumers
In-Home Energy Management(iHEM)
• Scenario
In-Home Energy Management(iHEM)
• Notations– RFD: reduced function device. – FFD: full function device– PAN(Grey node): personal area network
coordinator
In-Home Energy Management(iHEM)Check price &
Scheduling
In-Home Energy Management(iHEM)• START-REQ (a)
– Request to start
• AVAIL-REQ (b)– Request for the availability of energy
• UPDATE-AVAIL (c)– Update the amount of available energy on the unit
In-Home Energy Management(iHEM)
In-Home Energy Management(iHEM)
• Personal area network coordinator– Beacon-enabled mode
• Define the duty cycle with the superframe duration of the superframe structure
• Synchronize the nodes in the network• Nodes only communicate in the active period• In Contention Access Period, transmit data by CSMA/CA
Outline
• Introduction• System Model• OREM• iHEM Application• Performance evaluation• Conclusion
Simulation Results
Simulation Results
Q & A