Download - AP English 11. Calendar Sentences - Definition, phrases, clauses, types, Read Write Speak Listen
WELCOME! AP English 11
TODAY’S AGENDA
Calendar Sentences -
Definition, phrases, clauses, types,
Read Write Speak Listen
THIS WEEK IN AP ENGLISH
Feast your eyes on yonder white board. Or check out the class web site
Read Write Speak Listen
SENTENCES
Hey, kids, there’s all kinds of great stuff related to sentences coming up in the next two weeks or so.
Much of the material is derived from a book called The Art of Styling Sentences by Ann Longknife and K.D. Sullivan.
I’m using the fifth edition, but I’ve posted the fourth edition on the class web site.
Read Write Speak Listen
SENTENCES
A sentence typically has a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought.
And it is a nifty way we attempt to present the contents of our brains such that others can understand them. Righteous!
Read Write Speak Listen
SENTENCES
Sentences can be classified by purpose.
Declarative – A statement Interrogative – a question Imperative – a command Exclamatory – an emphatic expression
of emotion
Read Write Speak Listen
SENTENCES
Phrases can be added to sentences to expand the meaning.
A phrase is a group of words without a subject-verb combination. Prepositional – begins with a preposition (in
the park) Infinitive – begins with an infinitive (to be is
to do) Participial – begins with a present or past
participle (grown in the summer)
Read Write Speak Listen
SENTENCES
You can build sentences by combining clauses.
A clause has a subject-verb combination. There are two flavors. An independent clause expresses a
complete thought (it could be it’s own sentence) – I sleep late.
A dependent clause is a modifier and does not express a complete thought – Whenever I sleep.
Read Write Speak Listen
SENTENCES
Sentences can be classified by structure. Simple
single statement Is an independent clause Has one subject-verb combination
Compound Makes two or more statements Has two or more independent clauses Has two or more subject-verb combinations
Read Write Speak Listen
SENTENCES
Sentences can be classified by structure. Complex
Has an independent clause Has one or more dependent clauses functioning
as modifiers Compound Complex
Has two or more independent clauses Has two or more subject-verb combinations Has one or more dependent clauses functioning
as modifiers
Read Write Speak Listen
COMPOUND CONSTRUCTIONS
What are the features of a compound sentence?
Read Write Speak Listen
COMPOUND CONSTRUCTIONS
Today we will look at several ways of combining independent clauses to create a compound sentence.
Read Write Speak Listen
COMPOUND CONSTRUCTION
Two tips Two independent clauses that are joined
without punctuation is a run-on. Rudolofo has a brother he is a monkey.
Two independent clauses joined by only a comma is called a comma splice. It’s puke-y.
Rudolofo has a brother, he is a monkey.
Read Write Speak Listen
COMPOUND CONSTRUCTIONS
Huzzah! Sentence pattern 1 Compound sentence with a semicolon and
no conjunction S V ; S V
When to use When you have several short sentences with
similar ideas, you can combine them to make a longer and stronger sentence.
It is cloudy today. + It may rain. = It is cloudy today; it may rain.
Read Write Speak Listen
COMPOUND CONSTRUCTIONS
Huzzah! Sentence pattern 1a Compound sentence with a conjunctive
adverb S V ; (conjunctive adverb), S V
Conjunctive adverbs However, hence, therefore, thus, then,
moreover, nevertheless, likewise, consequently, accordingly
It is cloudy today. + therefore, + It may rain. = It is cloudy today; therefore, it may rain.
The comma after the conjunctive adverb is optional ; you should use it. Ha!
Read Write Speak Listen
COMPOUND CONSTRUCTIONS
Huzzah! Sentence pattern 1b Compound sentence with a coordinating
conjunction S V , (coordinating conjunction) S V
Coordinating conjunctions FANBOYS – For, and, nor, but, or, yet, so It is cloudy today. + , + and + It may rain. = It
is cloudy today, and it may rain. If you leave out the comma after the first
independent clause, innocent bunnies will die, so you shouldn’t do it.
Read Write Speak Listen
COMPOUND CONSTRUCTIONS
Huzzah! Sentence pattern 1c Compound sentence with two or more
semicolons S V ; S V ; S V It is cloudy today. + The humidity is high+ It
may rain. = It is cloudy today; the humidity is high; it may rain.
Obviously, the ideas need to be pretty closely connected for this work effectively.
Read Write Speak Listen
COMPOUND CONSTRUCTIONS
Huzzah! Sentence pattern 2 This is going to make your head hurt a little.
Sorry. You know that … is called an ellipsis, right. It
means that something has been left out. It makes your reader wonder what will happen next…
You can also have an elliptical construction when part of a clause is left out because it would needlessly repeat an element of the previous clause. Ouch?
Read Write Speak Listen
COMPOUND CONSTRUCTIONS
Huzzah! Sentence pattern 2 Compound sentence with elliptical
construction (comma indicates the omitted verb)
S V DO or C; S , DO or SC To err is human. + To forgive is divine = To err
is human; to forgive, divine.
Read Write Speak Listen
COMPOUND CONSTRUCTIONS
Huzzah! Sentence pattern 2 (cont’d) This is a great way to elevate your diction and
increase rhetorical distance, but not if you screw it up.
Make sure that both clauses really are independent, even though the second has an unexpressed verb (or other elements).
The omitted verb has to match the previous verb exactly (form and tense).
You can use a coordinating conjunction instead of a semicolon (To err is human, and to forgive, divine). Never use a semicolon with a coordinating conjunction. Bunnies die!
Read Write Speak Listen
COMPOUND CONSTRUCTIONS
Huzzah! Sentence pattern 3 Compound sentence with an explanatory
sentence (independent clauses separated by a colon)
General statement (idea) : specific statement (example).
When to use The colon performs a special function: it signals the
reader that something important or explanatory will follow. See what I did there?
It is cloudy today. + Clouds suggest rain will follow. = It is cloudy today: clouds suggest rain will follow.
Read Write Speak Listen
COMPOUND SENTENCES
To the worksheet!
Read Write Speak Listen
BYE!
Come back tomorrow!
Read Write Speak Listen