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All about cafeine http://cofeeandhealth.org/topic-overview/all-about-cafeine-2/
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Moderate cafeine consumption, o around !! mg cafeine or the e"uivalent o upto # cups o cofee per da$, can be en%o$ed as part o a health$ balanced diet and
an active liest$le&. Moderate cafeine consumption is associated with a range o
desirable ph$siological efects, including mental and ph$sical perormance.
'ince cofee naturall$ contains cafeine, there is regularl$ some conusion, even in
the research literature, between the efects o cafeine and those o cofee on
health.
(ofee and (afeine
(ofee has a long histor$ o consumption. (ofee was discovered around &,!!!
$ears ago in the region now )nown as *thiopia. +he rst cofee shipment to *urope
was around &. apid growth o popular cofee houses spread rom the mid-&th
centur$ as the$ became avourite meeting places.
+he cofee tree is a tropical evergreen shrub 0genus (ofea1, and two beans are
generall$ ound in each ripe ruit, which resembles a red cherr$. 'ome #! or socountries in (entral and 'outhern America, Arica and Asia grow cofee on a
commercial basis. +he two most common species grown are varieties o (ofea
canephora 0robusta1 and (ofea arabica 0arabica1.
(ofee is en%o$ed around the world or its taste and aroma but also or its mild
stimulant efects on bod$ and mind. (afeine has been well identied as being the
active compound in cofee responsible or this efect.
(hemistr$ o (afeine
(afeine belongs to the amil$ o heteroc$clic compounds )nown as purines. t has
the s$stematic name 3,-dih$dro-&,3,-trimeth$l-&4-purine-2,-dione5 it is also
)nown as &,3,-trimeth$l6anthine, and &,3,-trimeth$l-2,-dio6opurine.
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(afeine can be classied as an al)aloid, a term used or substances produced as
end products o nitrogen metabolism in some plants. +he chemical ormula is ( 7 4
&! 8 9 2. (afeine has a molar mass o &.& grams 0.7# ounces1. t is soluble
in water and in man$ organic solvents, and it appears in pure orm as white cr$stals.
(afeine can be prepared b$ e6traction rom natural sources or b$ s$nthesis rom
uric acid.