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AECC project on
real-world GDI PN Emissions
AECC Technical seminar on RDE PN
4 July 2016
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Content
• Test programme set-up
• Emissions on regulatory test cycles (NEDC and WLTC)
• Real-Driving Emissions (RDE)
– On the road
– On the dyno: impact of boundary conditions
• Conclusion
2
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Test programme set-up
• Objective: investigate NOx & PN RDE
without and with GPF
• At Ricardo in cooperation with Concawe
• Vehicle
– C-segment, 1.4l engine
– Market representative GDI technology
targeting Euro 6c only Euro 6b available
– Original configuration w/o GPF
– Add coated GPF demonstrator underfloor
• HORIBA PEMS equipment
– Gaseous PEMS (CO2, CO, NOx)
– PEMS-PN demo unit
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Test programme set-up
• Identified parameters to evaluate
– fuel type & quality
– cold-start PN
– driving dynamics (RDE on dyno)
– cold ambient temperature
– <23nm PN
• Test matrix
4
Exhaust Fuel NEDC +
WLTC
RDE on
road
RDE on
dyno
Original
(without
GPF)
Ref E5 1x - -
Ref E10 1x 3x -
Market E5 1x 3x 6x
With
coated
GPF
Ref E10 1x 3x -
Market E5 1x 3x 6x
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Content
• Test programme set-up
• Emissions on regulatory test cycles (NEDC and WLTC)
• Real-Driving Emissions (RDE)
– On the road
– On the dyno: impact of boundary conditions
• Conclusion
5
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NEDC + WLTC results w/o GPF
on E5 ref fuel are below Euro 6c limit
6
Euro 6c limit
• Data demonstrates that the vehicle is a state of the art GDI
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PN results w/o GPF go above
Euro 6c limit on other dyno tests
Measurement range if repeatedEuro 6c limit
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PN results with GPF are below
Euro 6c limit on all dyno tests
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Measurement range if repeatedEuro 6c limit
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Other pollutants are below
Euro 6c limit on all dyno tests
w/o and with GPF
Measurement range if repeatedEuro 6c limit
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No CO2 penalty was measured for
the GPF on NEDC and WLTC
* Start
& Stop
impact
Measurement range if repeated
* * *
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Content
• Test programme set-up
• Emissions on regulatory test cycles (NEDC and WLTC)
• Real-Driving Emissions (RDE)
– On the road
– On the dyno: impact of boundary conditions
• Conclusion
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RDE route is within the requirements
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Allowable tolerance AECC tests
90 120Trip duration (min)
29 44
23 43
23 43
urban (<60km/h)
rural (>60 & <90km/h)
motorway (>90km/h)
Distance share (%)
(>16 km)
15 40
6 30
Average speed (km/h)
Time share of stops (%)
Urban requirements
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Measured data is within moderate
environmental boundary conditions
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Measured data is within
the dynamic boundary conditions
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Excess or absence of driving dynamics Altitude accumulation
1200m/100km
0 20 40 60 80
Distance (km)
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* Raw data,
no exclusion/
normalisation
PN results w/o GPF further increase
above Euro 6c limit on the road
15
Measurement range 3x RDEEuro 6c limit
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PN results with GPF are well below
Euro 6c limit on the road
* Raw data,
no exclusion/
normalisation
Measurement range 3x RDEEuro 6c limit
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* data on
E5 market
RDE normalisation tools have
a different impact
Measurement range 3x RDEEuro 6c limit
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No CO2 penalty was measured for
the GPF on the road
Measurement range 3x RDE
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Content
• Test programme set-up
• Emissions on regulatory test cycles (NEDC and WLTC)
• Real-Driving Emissions (RDE)
– On the road
– On the dyno: impact of boundary conditions
• Conclusion
19
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RDE on dyno to investigate
impact of going towards RDE boundary
1. Change accelerations 2. Change dyno load
3. Change ambient temperature
2.
2.
1.
3.
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PN results w/o GPF further increase above
Euro 6c limit towards RDE boundary
Measurement range 3x RDEEuro 6c limit
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PN results with GPF remain below
Euro 6c limit on all tests
Measurement range 3x RDEEuro 6c limit
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Content
• Test programme set-up
• Emissions on regulatory test cycles (NEDC and WLTC)
• Real-Driving Emissions (RDE)
– On the road
– On the dyno: impact of boundary conditions
• Conclusion
23
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Conclusion
• The programme demonstrated that a GPF enables GDI PN
emissions below Euro 6c limit under all driving conditions
– NEDC + WLTC
– RDE on road
– towards RDE boundary
(on chassis dyno)
24
w/o GPF with GPF
Euro 6c limit
Note: style based on ICCT graphic
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Thank you for your attention