Accounting for adaptation in payment for watershed services
schemes: An application of climate compatible development
Amielle DeWan and Kevin Green Nigel Asquith
Rare Fundación Natura Bolivia
Context: Payment for watershed services (PWS)
Scale
Payment type
Buyers
Sellers
Institutional Mechanism
Financial Mechanism
Potential climate change adaptation co-benefits of PWS
• Water flow stabilization in
with changing climates
• Carbon storage/mitigation in
protected forest
• Social resilience and
improved management of
natural resources
• Human health improvements
in water quality
• Biodiversity habitat
protection
• Which PWS schemes are better at delivering climate change related co-benefits? – Are national or local schemes more stable in the face
of climate change?
– Do reciprocal agreements improve adaptive capacity of individuals or local communities?
– Are different schemes more effective at promoting adaptive capacity?
What is climate compatible development? Questions
development
strategies
co-benefits
mitigation
strategies
adaptation
strategies
low carbon development
climate resilient development
climate
compatible
development
What is climate compatible development (CCD) ?
CCDi = Mi + Ai + Di
The climate compatible development index (CCDi)
MITIGATION ADAPTATION DEVELOPMENT
oMitigation: Mitigating the emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs)
oAdaptation: Adaptation strategies enhance and implement measures to reduce, moderate and take advantage of climate impacts at all scales.
oDevelopment: Improvements in livelihoods and standard of living
Green et al. 2013, in progress
Mitigation Forest under protection Afforestation/Reforestation Additionality
Development Household assets Water quality Participation of the poor
CCDi – Mitigation + Development metrics
Social
Community participation in natural resource
governance method: household surveys
Livelihoods/income source diversity method:
livelihood diversification index, household survey
CCDi – Adaptation metrics
Application of the CCD index
CCDi = Mi + Ai + Di
Adaptation Mitigation Development
A
B
C
D
E
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1Household assets
Water quality
Pro-poor participation
Forest under protection
AfforestationAdditionality
Knowledge and attitudes
Community participation
Forest connectivity
Pre
PostPWS
type
CCDit1 CCDit2
A 0.63 0.67
B 0.37 0.47
C 0.73 0.46
D 0.94 0.94
E 0.24 0.43
Conclusions and future directions
CCDi = Mi + Ai + Di
1) Broaden and expand the metrics
2) Policy and investment choices
3) Tie adaptation services to the pricing options
4) Incorporate future scenarios