Download - 9.What is Intelligence, Anyway?. About Intelligence Tests About Intelligence Tests As we know, intelligence test is given to measure a person’s intellectual

9.What is Intelligence, 9.What is Intelligence, Anyway?Anyway?

About Intelligence TestsAbout Intelligence Tests

As we know, intelligence test is given to mAs we know, intelligence test is given to measure a person’s intellectual ability---- abieasure a person’s intellectual ability---- ability to solve different kinds of problems.lity to solve different kinds of problems.

There are many kinds of intelligence tests iThere are many kinds of intelligence tests in nowadays. The first intelligence test, knn nowadays. The first intelligence test, known as Binet Scale, was developed in 190own as Binet Scale, was developed in 1905 by a French psychologist named Alfred 5 by a French psychologist named Alfred Binet. The Binet Scale has been revised Binet. The Binet Scale has been revised many times for determining the progressivmany times for determining the progressive classification of children’s intelligence in e classification of children’s intelligence in the US by psychologists at Standford Univthe US by psychologists at Standford University and is now called Standford- Binet Sersity and is now called Standford- Binet Scale.cale.


For years the Binet Scale was the only For years the Binet Scale was the only widely known intelligence test. Then cawidely known intelligence test. Then came World War . The US government nⅠme World War . The US government nⅠeeded a way to test the intelligence of meeded a way to test the intelligence of more than one million army recruits. For thore than one million army recruits. For this purpose, the group intelligence test wis purpose, the group intelligence test was designed. And since then it has almoas designed. And since then it has almost become a sort of st become a sort of routine to give recruits routine to give recruits an intelligence test. an intelligence test.


The intelligence quotient (I.Q.)The intelligence quotient (I.Q.) The result of an intelligence test is The result of an intelligence test is

called an I.Q., short form for an called an I.Q., short form for an intelligence quotient. Generally a intelligence quotient. Generally a person’s I.Q. is to be obtained by person’s I.Q. is to be obtained by dividing his or her mental age dividing his or her mental age (determined by a test) by his or her (determined by a test) by his or her real age and multiplying the result by real age and multiplying the result by 100 (mental age100 (mental age//real agereal age××100).100).


There are many different intelligence There are many different intelligence tests which yield results along different tests which yield results along different numerical scales. However, many of numerical scales. However, many of those currently in use conform to the those currently in use conform to the following scale:following scale:

Below 85 retardationBelow 85 retardation 85—100 average intelligence85—100 average intelligence 110—120 bright- average intelligence110—120 bright- average intelligence 120—130 intellectually superior120—130 intellectually superior Above 130 intellectually very superiorAbove 130 intellectually very superior


Those who have scored 130 or above Those who have scored 130 or above are usually labeled as “gifted”, and are usually labeled as “gifted”, and those who have scored 140 or above, those who have scored 140 or above, as “genius”. as “genius”.

But not all educators But not all educators

agree that intelligenceagree that intelligence

tests are accurate tests are accurate

measures of intellectual measures of intellectual

ability. ability.

How do you think about How do you think about intelligence test?intelligence test?

Group work:Group work:

1.How do you think about it, agree or 1.How do you think about it, agree or not? And why?not? And why?

2. do you think intelligence is the mo2. do you think intelligence is the most important factor for a person’s sucst important factor for a person’s success? If not, what else?cess? If not, what else?

The organization of the text

Part ( para. 1)ⅠPart ( para. 1)Ⅰ What is intelligence? The author’s statWhat is intelligence? The author’s stat

ement---high score in intelligence tests ement---high score in intelligence tests doesn’t meaning anything.doesn’t meaning anything.

Part ( paras. 2--7)ⅡPart ( paras. 2--7)Ⅱ Why there is much more in intelligence Why there is much more in intelligence

than just being able to score high on inthan just being able to score high on intelligence tests.telligence tests.

The frame of The frame of Part ⅡPart Ⅱ ① ① The author has always been getting The author has always been getting

high scores, but he thinks it doesn’t high scores, but he thinks it doesn’t mean he is highly intelligent.mean he is highly intelligent.

② ② An example of an auto-repair manAn example of an auto-repair man ③ ③ Although the repair-man is not able to Although the repair-man is not able to

get high scores in intelligence tests, he get high scores in intelligence tests, he is good at solving mechanical problems, is good at solving mechanical problems, while the author can do nothing.while the author can do nothing.

④ ④ From the joke the repair-man told the From the joke the repair-man told the author, he leaves a thought-provoking author, he leaves a thought-provoking question—Does high score really question—Does high score really meaning something? Obviously not.meaning something? Obviously not.

Word learningWord learning

aptitude aptitude 能力　才能能力　才能 complacent complacent 自满的自满的 academic academic 学术的学术的 worthy (of) worthy (of) 值得值得 estimate estimate 估计估计 grant grant 授予授予 explore explore 探索探索 devise devise 设计　设计　 verbal verbal 词语的词语的 determine determine 确定确定

evaluation evaluation 评价评价 numericalnumerical　数字的　数字的　　

deaf deaf 聋的聋的 dumbdumb　哑的　哑的 clerk clerk 职员职员 heartily heartily 沾沾自喜的沾沾自喜的 uneasy uneasy 局促的局促的 for sure for sure 确定地确定地 pick out pick out 挑选挑选 make up make up 编制编制

Main idea of Main idea of Part ⅠPart Ⅰ

The text starts with the question: The text starts with the question: What is Intelligence, Anyway? What is Intelligence, Anyway?

After stated his own experience of After stated his own experience of intelligence test, the author puts intelligence test, the author puts forward his point of view: forward his point of view: high score high score in intelligence tests doesn’t meaning in intelligence tests doesn’t meaning anything.anything.

Main idea of Main idea of Part ⅠPart Ⅰ

Translate the following sentences:Translate the following sentences: What is Intelligence, Anyway?What is Intelligence, Anyway? 智力到底是什么呢？智力到底是什么呢？ No one at the base had ever seen a fNo one at the base had ever seen a f

igure like that and for two hours they igure like that and for two hours they made a big fuzz over me.made a big fuzz over me.

基地上没有人曾经见过这样的高分，基地上没有人曾经见过这样的高分，于是他们便对我大加吹捧了两个小时于是他们便对我大加吹捧了两个小时只久．只久．

Main idea of Main idea of Part ⅡPart Ⅱ

in para. 2, The author told that he has ain para. 2, The author told that he has always been getting lways been getting high scoreshigh scores, but he t, but he thinks it hinks it doesn’t mean he is highly intellidoesn’t mean he is highly intelligentgent..

In para. 3, The author stated an examplIn para. 3, The author stated an example of an auto-repair man as an objection e of an auto-repair man as an objection in order to support his point of view.in order to support his point of view.


In para. 4, It tells us that: although the rIn para. 4, It tells us that: although the repair-man is not able to get high scoreepair-man is not able to get high scores in intelligence tests, he is good at sols in intelligence tests, he is good at solving mechanical problems, while the aving mechanical problems, while the author cannot do anything.uthor cannot do anything.

In para. 5-6, From the joke the repair-In para. 5-6, From the joke the repair-man told the author, he leaves a thougman told the author, he leaves a thought-provoking question—Does high scorht-provoking question—Does high score really meaning something? Obviousle really meaning something? Obviously not.y not.


In para. 7, The author ends the text In para. 7, The author ends the text with only one sentence: with only one sentence: And I have aAnd I have an uneasy feeling he had something tn uneasy feeling he had something there.here.

我有一种不安的感觉：他的话不无道我有一种不安的感觉：他的话不无道理。理。

The one-sentence paragraph here is The one-sentence paragraph here is really more powerful than stating clereally more powerful than stating clearly his point of view again.arly his point of view again.

Main idea of Main idea of Part ⅡPart Ⅱ Translate the following sentences:Translate the following sentences: All my life I’ve been registering scores likAll my life I’ve been registering scores lik

e that, so that I have the complacent feelie that, so that I have the complacent feeling that I’m highly intelligent, and I expect ng that I’m highly intelligent, and I expect other people to think so, too.other people to think so, too.

我一生中一直得到这样的高分，因此便有我一生中一直得到这样的高分，因此便有一种自鸣得意之感，认为自己非常聪明，一种自鸣得意之感，认为自己非常聪明，而且期望别人也这样认为．而且期望别人也这样认为．

Its numerical evaluation is determined by Its numerical evaluation is determined by a small subsection of that society which a small subsection of that society which has managed to foist itself on the rest of has managed to foist itself on the rest of us as an arbiter of such matter.us as an arbiter of such matter.


它的数值是由那个社会中的一小部分人它的数值是由那个社会中的一小部分人决定的，他们作为这类事情的仲裁人已决定的，他们作为这类事情的仲裁人已设法把他们的意志强加在我们身上．设法把他们的意志强加在我们身上．

And I have an uneasy feeling he had sAnd I have an uneasy feeling he had something there.omething there.

我有一种不安的感觉：他的话不无道理。我有一种不安的感觉：他的话不无道理。

Scientist and science-fiction writer Scientist and science-fiction writer Isaac Asimov ________ the question of Isaac Asimov ________ the question of intelligence in this article. He begins his intelligence in this article. He begins his recollection of an ______ test on which recollection of an ______ test on which he had scored far above ______. This he had scored far above ______. This indicated that he was a _____ indicated that he was a _____ intelligent individual; however, Asimov intelligent individual; however, Asimov questions whether such scores are questions whether such scores are ______ of the attention they receive. ______ of the attention they receive. To make his point, he gives the To make his point, he gives the example ofexample of

Put in the missing wordsPut in the missing words

Put in the missing wordsPut in the missing words

a garage mechanic who, though lacking a garage mechanic who, though lacking in ________ knowledge, has an ability in ________ knowledge, has an ability far beyond Asimov’s to ________ far beyond Asimov’s to ________ causes of automobile problems and causes of automobile problems and solve them. Instead, in an area such as solve them. Instead, in an area such as mechanics, Asimov admits that he could mechanics, Asimov admits that he could be considered quite ______. be considered quite ______. Intelligence, therefore, is not _______ Intelligence, therefore, is not _______ but relative. This has led Asimov to make but relative. This has led Asimov to make an ________ of such aptitude tests, an ________ of such aptitude tests, whose worth, it seems, should not be whose worth, it seems, should not be ______________.______________.

Scientist and science-fiction writer Isaac Scientist and science-fiction writer Isaac Asimov ________ the question of Asimov ________ the question of intelligence in this article. He begins his intelligence in this article. He begins his recollection of an ______ test on which he recollection of an ______ test on which he had scored far above ______. This had scored far above ______. This indicated that he was a _____ intelligent indicated that he was a _____ intelligent individual; however, Asimov questions individual; however, Asimov questions whether such scores are ______ of the whether such scores are ______ of the attention they receive. To make his point, attention they receive. To make his point, he gives the example ofhe gives the example of

exploresexplores

aptitudeaptitude

normalnormal

highlyhighly

worthyworthy

keykey

keykey

a garage mechanic who, though lacking in a garage mechanic who, though lacking in ________ knowledge, has an ability far ________ knowledge, has an ability far beyond Asimov’s to ________ causes of beyond Asimov’s to ________ causes of automobile problems and solve them. automobile problems and solve them. Instead, in an area such as mechanics, Instead, in an area such as mechanics, Asimov admits that he could be Asimov admits that he could be considered quite ______. Intelligence, considered quite ______. Intelligence, therefore, is not _______ but relative. therefore, is not _______ but relative. This has led Asimov to make an This has led Asimov to make an ________ of such aptitude tests, whose ________ of such aptitude tests, whose worth, it seems, should not be worth, it seems, should not be ______________.______________.

academicacademic

determinedetermine

dumbdumb

absoluteabsolute

evaluationevaluation

taken for grantedtaken for granted

Language pointsLanguage points

1 1 aptitudeaptitude: natural ability : natural ability or skillor skill 　多指天生的能力、　多指天生的能力、才能或技能才能或技能

Eg. She has an aptitude for dealing Eg. She has an aptitude for dealing with people.with people.

He showed an aptitude for music at He showed an aptitude for music at an early age.an early age.


２２ against a normal of 100, scored 1against a normal of 100, scored 160:(in an I.Q. test) scored 160 in cont60:(in an I.Q. test) scored 160 in contrast to an average I.Q. of 100rast to an average I.Q. of 100

AgainstAgainst: in contrast to or with: in contrast to or with

Eg. The building is veryEg. The building is very beautiful against the beautiful against the glow of the sunset sky.glow of the sunset sky.


NormalNormal:: N. the usual state or levelN. the usual state or level Eg. Things in the house returned to nEg. Things in the house returned to n

ormal after the guest had left.ormal after the guest had left. Adj. usual regularAdj. usual regular Eg. His behaviors doEg. His behaviors do not seem normal to me.not seem normal to me.


3 figure:3 figure: ① ① number; symbol for number; symbol for a number, esp. 0-9a number, esp. 0-9 Eg. She got a starting salary of six fiEg. She got a starting salary of six fi

gures.gures. ② ② shape or outline of sb. or sth.shape or outline of sb. or sth. Eg. There is a figure of chimney in thEg. There is a figure of chimney in th

e distance.e distance. ③ ③ important person (of the stated kinimportant person (of the stated kin

d)d)


Eg. They argued over who was the Eg. They argued over who was the most influential figure in the 20th cenmost influential figure in the 20th century.tury.

④ ④ human formhuman form Eg. The woman in the portrait had a Eg. The woman in the portrait had a

graceful figure.graceful figure. ⑤ ⑤ diagram; drawing to illustrate sth.diagram; drawing to illustrate sth. Eg. The figure in the book will help yEg. The figure in the book will help y

ou understand the theory better.ou understand the theory better.


4 4 make a fuzz over (about):make a fuzz over (about): show unnecessary show unnecessary

nervous excitement, nervous excitement,

esp. over unimportantesp. over unimportant

mattersmatters Eg. It is merely a small cut, don’t maEg. It is merely a small cut, don’t ma

ke a fuzz.ke a fuzz. Why did he make such a big fuzz ovWhy did he make such a big fuzz ov

er a potato?er a potato?


5 5 registerregister: : V. write in a list or recordV. write in a list or record Eg. I have registered four courses for Eg. I have registered four courses for

the following semester.the following semester.

N. record or listN. record or list Eg. You may find some Chinese namEg. You may find some Chinese nam

es on the US immigration register of es on the US immigration register of the 19th century.the 19th century.


6 6 simplysimply;; ① ① only; merelyonly; merely Eg. Don’t worry, it is simply a scratch.Eg. Don’t worry, it is simply a scratch. I took that job simply because the ofI took that job simply because the of

fice is near my house.fice is near my house. ② ② in a plain mannerin a plain manner Eg. The old man lives Eg. The old man lives

simply and is dressed simply.simply and is dressed simply.


③ ③ completely; absolutelycompletely; absolutely

Eg. I simply can not Eg. I simply can not

understand why did youunderstand why did you

do such a foolish thing.do such a foolish thing. She looks simply wonderful in under She looks simply wonderful in under

the glow of the sunset sky.the glow of the sunset sky.


7 7 academicacademic:: ① ① scholarly; theoretical; not practicalscholarly; theoretical; not practical Eg. He went abroad for the purpose Eg. He went abroad for the purpose

of academic exchanges.of academic exchanges. This question is purely academic.This question is purely academic. ② ② of a college or universityof a college or university Eg. This is the calendar Eg. This is the calendar

for academic year 2006-2007.for academic year 2006-2007.


8 8 worthy ofworthy of:: DeservingDeserving Eg. I don’t think this Eg. I don’t think this

problem is worthy ofproblem is worthy of

serious consideration.serious consideration. It is a occasion well worthy of the moIt is a occasion well worthy of the mo

st elaborate celebration.st elaborate celebration.


9 9 by my estimateby my estimate: according to my ju: according to my judgmentdgment

estimate:estimate: N. judgment or opinion about how mN. judgment or opinion about how m

uch, how heavy, how good, etcuch, how heavy, how good, etc Eg. According to the official estimate, Eg. According to the official estimate,

over 100 people were killed in the arover 100 people were killed in the armed conflict.med conflict.

V. form a judgment aboutV. form a judgment about Eg. She was highly estimated by him.Eg. She was highly estimated by him.


10 10 take for grantedtake for granted: : consider as true or consider as true or

already settled; acceptalready settled; accept

as a matter of course.as a matter of course. Eg. Father often tell me not to take thEg. Father often tell me not to take th

ings for granted.ings for granted. A teacher can’t take it for granted thaA teacher can’t take it for granted tha

t his students always do their homewt his students always do their homework as required.ork as required.


11 11 hastenhasten:: Move or act with speedMove or act with speed

Eg. Upon learning the news of her hEg. Upon learning the news of her husband’s success, she hastened to usband’s success, she hastened to Beijing.Beijing.

Seeing the Chairman was to end the Seeing the Chairman was to end the discussion, the speaker hastened to discussion, the speaker hastened to his conclusion.his conclusion.


12 12 exploreexplore:: ① ① search or examine thoroughlysearch or examine thoroughly Eg. The group from a foreign compaEg. The group from a foreign compa

ny came to China to explore businesny came to China to explore business possibilities.s possibilities.

② ② travel into or through a region for ttravel into or through a region for the purpose of learning about ithe purpose of learning about it

Eg. A robot was recently sent to explEg. A robot was recently sent to explore the surface of Mars.ore the surface of Mars.


13 13 divine oraclesdivine oracles:: Profoundly wise opinions or judgmenProfoundly wise opinions or judgmen

ts as if given by Godts as if given by God Eg. Don’t treat his words as divine orEg. Don’t treat his words as divine or

acles.acles. 14 14 supposesuppose: I suggest; if: I suggest; if Eg. Suppose we put off the meeting tEg. Suppose we put off the meeting t

ill tomorrow.ill tomorrow.


15 15 devisedevise::

think out; plan; designthink out; plan; design

Eg. He devised a system to put ChinEg. He devised a system to put Chinese characters into computers.ese characters into computers.

She spent days devising how to makShe spent days devising how to make money but never really did anythine money but never really did anything.g.


16 16 moronmoron: the highest classification o: the highest classification of mental deficiency, even above imbef mental deficiency, even above imbecile and idiot. cile and idiot.

These terms, no longer in professionThese terms, no longer in professional use in the US., are meant insult toal use in the US., are meant insult today.day.

Eg. We expect morons like you to saEg. We expect morons like you to say such stupid things.y such stupid things.


17 17 determinedetermine:: ① ① decide (on)decide (on) Eg. Have you determined the date foEg. Have you determined the date fo

r your wedding?r your wedding? It’s hard to determine which side is riIt’s hard to determine which side is ri

ght just by hearing their quarrel.ght just by hearing their quarrel. ② ② find out preciselyfind out precisely Eg. Investigations have not yet deterEg. Investigations have not yet deter

mined the cause of the air crash.mined the cause of the air crash.


③ ③ make up one’s mind:make up one’s mind: Eg. He determined to learn the operaEg. He determined to learn the opera

tion manners of the machine in one dtion manners of the machine in one day’s time.ay’s time.

18 18 absoluteabsolute:: Not measured by comparison with otNot measured by comparison with ot

her things (her things ( 绝对的绝对的 )) Eg. He was elected by an absolute Eg. He was elected by an absolute

majority.majority.


19 19 a small subsection of the societya small subsection of the society:: a very tiny section or part of the largea very tiny section or part of the large

r societyr society In “sbusection” sub is a prefix meaniIn “sbusection” sub is a prefix meani

ng “smaller or less important than” ang “smaller or less important than” as in s in subset, subtitle, subdivision,subset, subtitle, subdivision, etc etc

““society” here means “people of a pasociety” here means “people of a particular kind and with some shared inrticular kind and with some shared interest”terest”


20 20 foist onfoist on:: impose (something orimpose (something or

someone unwanted) uponsomeone unwanted) upon

by coercion or trickeryby coercion or trickery Eg. Stores should not foist defective Eg. Stores should not foist defective

goods on customers.goods on customers. I am sorry all this has been foisted oI am sorry all this has been foisted o

n you.n you.


21 21 jokejoke:: n. something saidn. something said

or done to cause or done to cause

amusementamusement Eg. Don’t play jokes on him, he can’t Eg. Don’t play jokes on him, he can’t

take jokes.take jokes. v. Make jokesv. Make jokes Eg. This is no joking matter, please trEg. This is no joking matter, please tr

eat it seriously.eat it seriously.


22 22 dumbdumb:: ① ① unable to speakunable to speak Eg. She was dumb from Eg. She was dumb from

birth and was very kindbirth and was very kind

to dumb animals.to dumb animals. ②②temporarily silenttemporarily silent Eg. The audience were struck dumb Eg. The audience were struck dumb

when the magician ate fire.when the magician ate fire.


23 23 pick outpick out:: choose; selectchoose; select Eg. The flower store owner asked heEg. The flower store owner asked he

r to pick out that big red rose.r to pick out that big red rose. It took Mary a long It took Mary a long

time to pick out a newtime to pick out a new

dress for the eveningdress for the evening

party tonight.party tonight.


24 24 whereuponwhereupon:: immediately following immediately following

that; upon thatthat; upon that Eg. I described my disastrous morninEg. I described my disastrous mornin

g, whereupon, he laughed and laughg, whereupon, he laughed and laughed.ed.

Note: here, the word ”whereupon” in Note: here, the word ”whereupon” in the text was used as an adverb, not the text was used as an adverb, not as a conjuction.as a conjuction.


2525 highly highly:: In or to a high degreeIn or to a high degree Eg. It is highly probable that he chanEg. It is highly probable that he chan

ged his name to avoid being tracked ged his name to avoid being tracked down by the police.down by the police.

The film was highly The film was highly

praised by the critics.praised by the critics.


26 26 did you catch many?did you catch many? Here, in the text, it means: Did you trHere, in the text, it means: Did you tr

ap many people with your trick?ap many people with your trick?

27 27 for surefor sure:: Without doubt; Without doubt;

surely or certainlysurely or certainly Eg. From a distance he couldn’t tell fEg. From a distance he couldn’t tell f

or sure whether it was Jerry or Tom.or sure whether it was Jerry or Tom.


28 28 goddamnedgoddamned:: Strongly cursed or damnedStrongly cursed or damned Eg. This expression is used as a stroEg. This expression is used as a stro

ng expletive, often shortened to ng expletive, often shortened to goddgoddamnamn, considered inappropriate in poli, considered inappropriate in polite society or formal occasions. And ste society or formal occasions. And students of tudents of

English are notEnglish are not

advised to use it.advised to use it.


29 29 uneasyuneasy:: Awkward; not easyAwkward; not easy in mind or bodyin mind or body

Eg. He give an uneasy smile when hEg. He give an uneasy smile when he met his mother-in-law for the first tie met his mother-in-law for the first time.me.

He passed an uneasy night and finallHe passed an uneasy night and finally decided to surrender himself to the y decided to surrender himself to the police.police.

Discussion Discussion

1. In daily life, there are many kinds of 1. In daily life, there are many kinds of intelligence tests accessible to us intelligence tests accessible to us through internet, books, etc, how do you through internet, books, etc, how do you think about it?think about it?

2. Is high intelligence the most important 2. Is high intelligence the most important factor for a successful man? If not, what factor for a successful man? If not, what is it according to you?is it according to you?

Download - 9.What is Intelligence, Anyway?. About Intelligence Tests About Intelligence Tests As we know, intelligence test is given to measure a person’s intellectual

Top Related