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Arc Welding
By Ryan Saucier
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History of Arc Welding• Arc welding dates back to the late 1800’s• First developed following the invention of
AC electricity• Pioneered when a man was welding with a
bare metal rod on iron, the sparks from the welding caught a stack of newspapers on fire near him and while welding, he noticed that his welds started looking a lot better. The reason for this was the smoke took the oxygen out of his welding environment and decreased porosity.
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What is Arc Welding?
• The fusing of two or more pieces of metal together by using the heat produced from an electric arc welding machine.
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Basics of Arc Welding
• The arc is struck between the electrode and the metal. It then heats the metal to a melting point. The electrode is then removed, breaking the arc between the electrode and the metal. This allows the molten metal to “freeze” or solidify.
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How an arc is formed?
• The arc is like a flame of intense heat that is generated as the electrical current passes through a highly resistant air gap.
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Welding Processes
• SMAW (Shielded Metal Arc Welding)
• GMAW (Gas Metal Arc Welding)
• GTAW (Gas Tungsten Arc Welding)
• Oxygen/ Fuel Welding
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SMAW• Also referred to as “Stick Welding”• Used for everything from pipeline
welding, farm repair and complex fabrication.
• Uses a “stick” shaped electrode. • Can weld: steel, cast iron, stainless steel,
etc.• Can also hardface with correct electrode.
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Examples of SMAW Welds
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GMAW
• Also referred to as “MIG” welding• Uses a shield gas and a continuous
wire electrode• Used for all types of fabrication• Great for thin metals up to ¼”• Excellent speed of deposition• Used for metals such as: steel,
aluminum and stainless steel.
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GMAW Welds
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MIG Welding Benefits
• All position capability • Higher deposition rates than
SMAW • Less operator skill required • Long welds can be made without
starts and stops • Minimal post weld cleaning is
required
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GTAW•Also referred to as “TIG” Welding
•Uses a shield gas, a non-consumable tungsten electrode and a hand fed filler rod
•Excellent for welding thin metals, pipeline welding and exotic metals
•Highly skilled labor needed for this process
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GTAW Welding Benefits
• Superior quality welds • Welds can be made with or
without filler metal • Precise control of welding
variables (heat) • Free of spatter • Low distortion
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Oxygen/ Fuel Welding• Utilizes oxygen and a fuel gas to heat
metal until it is in a molten state and fuse multiple pieces of metal together. Can be used with or without a filler rod.
• Great for brazing dissimilar metals together.
• Older technology that can be replaced by GTAW
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Types of SMAW Machines
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AC Welding Machine
Most common type found in homes, farms, etc.
Good for farm repairs, light jobs.
Low cost
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DC Welding Machines
• Often generator type machines
• Diesel or gasoline engine driven
• Portable
• Expensive
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AC/DC Welders
• Can weld in AC or DC polarity
• Less expensive than DC machine
• Quieter than DC machine
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Arc Welding
PPE
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