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CRPAQS Data Analysis Workshop – March 9 & 10, 2004
3.3.5 Spatial and Temporal Extent of Fogs
3.3.4 Vertical Structure of Relative Humidity
Don LehrmanLiz Niccum
Technical & Business Systems, Inc.
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CRPAQS Data Analysis Workshop – March 9 & 10, 2004
Spatial and Temporal Extent of FogsSources of Information/Data
Satellite PicturesGood for spatial extent but not temporalNot obtained during field study
Airport Observations (ASOS)Good for temporal extent at only few locations
Relative Humidity MeasurementsOver 200 surface monitoring sites reporting hourlyUsed >95% RH to infer the presence of fog
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CRPAQS Data Analysis Workshop – March 9 & 10, 2004
IOP 1 – November 19-24, 2000 Number of Hours RH > 95 Percent
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CRPAQS Data Analysis Workshop – March 9 & 10, 2004
IOP 2 – December 15-18, 2000 Number of Hours RH > 95 Percent
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CRPAQS Data Analysis Workshop – March 9 & 10, 2004
IOP 3 – December 26-28, 2000 Number of Hours RH > 95 Percent
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CRPAQS Data Analysis Workshop – March 9 & 10, 2004
IOP 4 – January 4-7, 2001 Number of Hours RH > 95 Percent
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CRPAQS Data Analysis Workshop – March 9 & 10, 2004
IOP 5 – January 31-February 3, 2001 Number of Hours RH > 95 Percent
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CRPAQS Data Analysis Workshop – March 9 & 10, 2004
Spatial and Temporal Extent of Fogs
• Extent of fog varied significantly betweenIOP’s
• And varied daily within episodes evenmore
• High particulate loading was notassociated with high RH – in fact thefollowing maps suggest the opposite
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CRPAQS Data Analysis Workshop – March 9 & 10, 2004
January 5, 2001
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CRPAQS Data Analysis Workshop – March 9 & 10, 2004
January 6, 2001
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CRPAQS Data Analysis Workshop – March 9 & 10, 2004
December 18, 2000
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CRPAQS Data Analysis Workshop – March 9 & 10, 2004
NOAA Collocated RH at 2 and 10 metersInitially investigated to define the uncertainty inRH measurements when sensors, calibrations,and procedures are identical
The actual vertical gradient of RH near theground was much greater than anticipated dueto nocturnal inversion
Vertical Structure of RH(near the ground)
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CRPAQS Data Analysis Workshop – March 9 & 10, 2004
Showing Diurnal Rh Difference Between 2m and 10m LevelsBubble diameter is proportional to difference
(Note: range is from -2 to 13%) Episode 8 at Bakersfield
0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21Hour (PST)
20
40
60
80
1002m
RH
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CRPAQS Data Analysis Workshop – March 9 & 10, 2004
Showing RH Difference Between 2 Meter and 10 Meter LevelsEpisode 8 - Hourly readings at the 3 NOAA Sites in the SJV
0 4 8 12 16 20Hour (PST)
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20R
H D
iffe
renc
e B
etw
een
2m-1
0m
ChowchillaFresno
Bakersfield
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CRPAQS Data Analysis Workshop – March 9 & 10, 2004
PM Loading Model Sensitivity to RH
GFEMD Model Output
RH (percent) PM (µg/m3) 95 9.80 94 9.36 93 9.02 92 8.75 91 8.53 90 8.36 85 7.86 80 7.65 75 7.54 70 7.45 65 7.44
Input: T-298?K, Nitrate = 3, Ammonia = 3, Sulfate = 5, Sodium = 0, Chlorine = 0 (units µg/m3). Source: Robinson, 2003
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CRPAQS Data Analysis Workshop – March 9 & 10, 2004
Showing Temperature and Dew Point Difference Between 2 Meter and 10 Meter LevelsEpisode 8 - Average at Bakersfield for Period of Episode
0 4 8 12 16 20Hour (PST)
-1.6
-1.2
-0.8
-0.4
0
0.4
0.82m
-10m
TemperatureDew Point Temperature
0.1
0.2
0.10.1
0.1 0.10.1
0.10.2 0.2
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.10.0
0.0
0.2
0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0
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CRPAQS Data Analysis Workshop – March 9 & 10, 2004
Summary
Fog maps were created for•Average # hrs/day RH > 95% during each IOP
•Daily # hrs RH > 95% for IOPs (CRPAQS field study)
•Average # hrs/day RH > 95% during each of the 9 episodes(12/99 to 02/01)
RH vertical gradient is large near the ground•Operators mount sensor at varying heights above ground
•Particle mass calculations are very sensitive to RH
•Recommend a more conservative humidity parameters (e.g.dew point temperature, absolute humidity) be used)