Chinese Civil War &

Triumph of CommunismMaterial taken from 30-3 and 33-2

Sun YixianWho is Sun

Yixian?Why is he

significant?

Chinese Warlords, 1920s

Yuan Shikai Warlords in power in many districts

Kuomintang has control of southern China

Yuan Shikai

THE COMMUNIST PARTY IN CHINA

Lenin Befriends ChinaW. Democracies don’t support Sun

Yixian’s request for aid… turn to USSRKuomintang (in south) allies with

Chinese Communist Party (CCP)Lenin sends help to ChinaWhat forms of help does Lenin send?

Military advisers, equipment, Chinese soldiers go to Moscow for training

Nationalists and Communists ClashNationalists and Communists

fight against warlords togetherSoon Jiang turns against

Communists

Jiang Jieshi Becomes President of Nationalist China, 1928

Jiang JieshiAKA Chiang Kai-

ShekPolitical and military

leader of ChinaNationalist PartyRuled as a dictatorFears Communists

goal of Socialist economy

1927 Communist Purges

Peasants Align Themselves with CommunistsJiang’s government: promises

democracy…but very corrupt◦Does not improve life of peasants

Peasants turn to Communist Party

Mao’s Version of Communism?Lenin – got support from the

workers in the citiesMao – support of the rural

peasants in China

Civil War in China

Guerilla Tactics?Retreat when enemy advancesHarass when enemy encampsAttack when enemy hesitatesPursue when enemy retreats

What were the results of the Long March?2/3 did not complete journeyTurning point of Chinese Civil

War: More Chinese people joined the Communists

The Long March1933: Nationalists surrounded

Communists; outnumber 6:11934: Communists fled6,000 mile-long journeyLasts more than a yearStarts out with 100,000; 10-

30,000 reach NW China safely

Japan’s Invasion Suspends the Civil War1931: invade Manchuria1937: all-out invasion of China

What is the effect of Japan’s invasion on the Civil War?

Civil War stops when Nationalists and Communists join forces against Japan

Civil War in ChinaU.S. supports Nationalists -- $2

billion in aid; army outnumbers Communists 3:1

Communists, however – public support & guerilla tactics

Reasons for the Communists’ SuccessMao won support of peasantsMao won support of womenMao’s army used guerilla war

tacticsMany saw Nationalist

government as corruptMany felt that the Nationalists

allowed foreigners to dominate China

People’s Republic of ChinaOctober 1949: Nationalists flee

3. What aspect of the Communist approach do you think was most responsible for Mao’s victory?

Barebones Civil War

Mao Zedong1893-1976Revolutionary,

leader of Long March

Leader of China 1943-1976

Mao’s Reforms

“Great Leap Forward”1958Ambitious program to expand

success of 1st Five Year PlanLarger collective farms

(communes)Strict control of communes –

huge communities

“Great Leap Forward”… or “Great Leap Backward?”Poor planningInefficient industriesCrop failuresDiscontinued in 1961

◦NOTE: YOUR PAPER SAYS 1861…fix it

What circumstances prevented Mao’s Great Leap Froward from bringing economic prosperity to China?◦Mao’s strict socialism◦Life in a commune◦Environmental problems

New Policies and Mao’s ResponseTerritorial disputes; Soviet aid to

China stopsMao reduces role of governmentRelaxes strict socialism until

1966

Cultural RevolutionRed Guards: student-formed

militia unitsGoal – establish society of

peasants and workers in which all were equal

Shut down colleges and schoolsTarget anyone with privileges or

resisted regimeThousands executed or died in

jail

Cultural Revolution1966-1976Chaos; factories and farm

production threatenedRed Guards dissolvedRadical movement led to calls for

modernization in China and a more moderate approach

How did this radical China become an ally of the United States?China began opening up door

again in the 1970sModernizing China – agriculture,

industry, defense, and science / technology

Eliminate many of Mao’s reforms (communes, etc.)

China is still Communist

U.S. doesn’t approve of Communist regime in China…but open to them economically

2000: U.S. voted to normalize trade with China…best way to prompt change is through greater engagement

Today…Google issues in China

How did this radical China become an ally of the United States?

China TodayEconomy forecasted to be bigger

than U.S. economy by 2016China still has planned

economy…but keeps opening up to further western influence

Human rights discussion in China

One-Child Policy Introduced in 1978, implemented 1979Family permitted to have one childPolicy has developed –

◦ Fines for extra children, plus have to pay for education and health care

◦ Multiple births ARE allowed Implications:

◦ Male: Female = 117:100 (vs. average of 103:100)◦ Infanticide, forced abortions, abandoning children

Not implemented the same throughout China – some districts = more strict than others

March 2011 – reconsidered, discuss possibility of 2 child policy?